server/keyexch.c: Randomized exponential retransmit backoff.

[tripe] / server / keyexch.c

/* -*-c-*-
 *
 * Key exchange protocol
 *
 * (c) 2001 Straylight/Edgeware
 */

/*----- Licensing notice --------------------------------------------------*
 *
 * This file is part of Trivial IP Encryption (TrIPE).
 *
 * TrIPE is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * TrIPE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with TrIPE; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 */

/*----- Header files ------------------------------------------------------*/

#include "tripe.h"

/*----- Brief protocol overview -------------------------------------------*
 *
 * Let %$G$% be a cyclic group; let %$g$% be a generator of %$G$%, and let
 * %$q$% be the order of %$G$%; for a key %$K$%, let %$E_K(\cdot)$% denote
 * application of the symmetric packet protocol to a message; let
 * %$H(\cdot)$% be the random oracle.  Let $\alpha \inr \{0,\ldots,q - 1\}$%
 * be Alice's private key; let %$a = g^\alpha$% be her public key; let %$b$%
 * be Bob's public key.
 *
 * At the beginning of the session, Alice chooses
 *
 *   %$\rho_A \inr \{0, \ldots q - 1\}$%
 *
 * We also have:
 *
 * %$r_A = g^{\rho_A}$%                 Alice's challenge
 * %$c_A = H(\cookie{cookie}, r_A)$%    Alice's cookie
 * %$v_A = \rho_A \xor H(\cookie{expected-reply}, a, r_A, r_B, b^{\rho_A})$%
 *                                      Alice's challenge check value
 * %$r_B^\alpha = a^{\rho_B}$%          Alice's reply
 * %$K = r_B^{\rho_A} = r_B^{\rho_A} = g^{\rho_A\rho_B}$%
 *                                      Alice and Bob's shared secret key
 * %$w_A = H(\cookie{switch-request}, c_A, c_B)$%
 *                                      Alice's switch request value
 * %$u_A = H(\cookie{switch-confirm}, c_A, c_B)$%
 *                                      Alice's switch confirm value
 *
 * The messages are then:
 *
 * %$\cookie{kx-pre-challenge}, r_A$%
 *      Initial greeting.  In state @KXS_CHAL@.
 *
 * %$\cookie{kx-challenge}, r_A, c_B, v_A$%
 *      Here's a full challenge for you to answer.
 *
 * %$\cookie{kx-reply}, r_A, c_B, v_A, E_K(r_B^\alpha))$%
 *      Challenge accpeted: here's the answer.  Commit to my challenge.  Move
 *      to @KXS_COMMIT@.
 *
 * %$\cookie{kx-switch-rq}, c_A, c_B, E_K(r_B^\alpha, w_A))$%
 *      Reply received: here's my reply.  Committed; send data; move to
 *      @KXS_SWITCH@.
 *
 * %$\cookie{kx-switch-ok}, E_K(u_A))$%
 *      Switch received.  Committed; send data; move to @KXS_SWITCH@.
 */

/*----- Static tables -----------------------------------------------------*/

static const char *const pkname[] = {
  "pre-challenge", "challenge", "reply", "switch-rq", "switch-ok"
};

/*----- Various utilities -------------------------------------------------*/

/* --- @VALIDP@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @const keyexch *kx@ = key exchange state
 *              @time_t now@ = current time in seconds
 *
 * Returns:     Whether the challenge in the key-exchange state is still
 *              valid or should be regenerated.
 */

#define VALIDP(kx, now) ((now) < (kx)->t_valid)

/* --- @hashge@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @ghash *h@ = pointer to hash context
 *              @ge *x@ = pointer to group element
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Adds the hash of a group element to the context.  Corrupts
 *              @buf_t@.
 */

static void hashge(ghash *h, ge *x)
{
  buf b;
  buf_init(&b, buf_t, sizeof(buf_t));
  G_TOBUF(gg, &b, x);
  assert(BOK(&b));
  GH_HASH(h, BBASE(&b), BLEN(&b));
}

/* --- @mpmask@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @buf *b@ = output buffer
 *              @mp *x@ = the plaintext integer
 *              @size_t n@ = the expected size of the plaintext
 *              @const octet *k@ = pointer to key material
 *              @size_t ksz@ = size of the key
 *
 * Returns:     Pointer to the output.
 *
 * Use:         Masks a multiprecision integer: returns %$x \xor H(k)$%, so
 *              it's a random oracle thing rather than an encryption thing.
 */

static octet *mpmask(buf *b, mp *x, size_t n, const octet *k, size_t ksz)
{
  gcipher *mgf;
  octet *p;

  if ((p = buf_get(b, n)) == 0)
    return (0);
  mgf = GC_INIT(algs.mgf, k, ksz);
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "masking index = %s", mpstr(x));
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "masking key", k, ksz);
  }))
  mp_storeb(x, buf_t, n);
  GC_ENCRYPT(mgf, buf_t, p, n);
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "index plaintext", buf_t, n);
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "masked ciphertext", p, n);
  }))
  GC_DESTROY(mgf);
  return (p);
}

/* --- @mpunmask@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @mp *d@ = the output integer
 *              @const octet *p@ = pointer to the ciphertext
 *              @size_t n@ = the size of the ciphertext
 *              @const octet *k@ = pointer to key material
 *              @size_t ksz@ = size of the key
 *
 * Returns:     The decrypted integer, or null.
 *
 * Use:         Unmasks a multiprecision integer.
 */

static mp *mpunmask(mp *d, const octet *p, size_t n,
                    const octet *k, size_t ksz)
{
  gcipher *mgf;

  mgf = GC_INIT(algs.mgf, k, ksz);
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "unmasking key", k, ksz);
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "masked ciphertext", p, n);
  }))
  GC_DECRYPT(mgf, p, buf_t, n);
  d = mp_loadb(d, buf_t, n);
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "index plaintext", buf_t, n);
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "unmasked index = %s", mpstr(d));
  }))
  GC_DESTROY(mgf);
  return (d);
}

/* --- @hashcheck@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @ge *kpub@ = sender's public key
 *              @ge *cc@ = receiver's challenge
 *              @ge *c@ = sender's challenge
 *              @ge *y@ = reply to sender's challenge
 *
 * Returns:     Pointer to the hash value (in @buf_t@)
 *
 * Use:         Computes the check-value hash, used to mask or unmask
 *              indices to prove the validity of challenges.  This computes
 *              the masking key used in challenge check values.  This is
 *              really the heart of the whole thing, since it ensures that
 *              the index can be recovered from the history of hashing
 *              queries, which gives us (a) a proof that the authentication
 *              process is zero-knowledge, and (b) a proof that the whole
 *              key-exchange is deniable.
 */

static const octet *hashcheck(ge *kpub, ge *cc, ge *c, ge *y)
{
  ghash *h = GH_INIT(algs.h);

  HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-expected-reply");
  hashge(h, kpub);
  hashge(h, cc);
  hashge(h, c);
  hashge(h, y);
  GH_DONE(h, buf_t);
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "computing challenge check hash");
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "public key = %s", gestr(gg, kpub));
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "receiver challenge = %s", gestr(gg, cc));
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "sender challenge = %s", gestr(gg, c));
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "sender reply = %s", gestr(gg, y));
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "hash output", buf_t, algs.hashsz);
  }))
  GH_DESTROY(h);
  return (buf_t);
}

/* --- @sendchallenge@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @buf *b@ = output buffer for challenge
 *              @ge *c@ = peer's actual challenge
 *              @const octet *hc@ = peer's challenge cookie
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Writes a full challenge to the message buffer.
 */

static void sendchallenge(keyexch *kx, buf *b, ge *c, const octet *hc)
{
  G_TOBUF(gg, b, kx->c);
  buf_put(b, hc, algs.hashsz);
  mpmask(b, kx->alpha, indexsz,
         hashcheck(kpub, c, kx->c, kx->rx), algs.hashsz);
}

/* --- @timer@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @struct timeval *tv@ = the current time
 *              @void *v@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Acts when the key exchange timer goes off.
 */

static void timer(struct timeval *tv, void *v)
{
  keyexch *kx = v;
  kx->f &= ~KXF_TIMER;
  T( trace(T_KEYEXCH, "keyexch: timer has popped"); )
  kx_start(kx, 0);
}

/* --- @settimer@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @struct timeval *tv@ = when to set the timer for
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Sets the timer for the next key exchange attempt.
 */

static void settimer(keyexch *kx, struct timeval *tv)
{
  if (kx->f & KXF_TIMER) sel_rmtimer(&kx->t);
  sel_addtimer(&sel, &kx->t, tv, timer, kx);
  kx->f |= KXF_TIMER;
}

/* --- @f2tv@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @struct timeval *tv@ = where to write the timeval
 *              @double t@ = a time as a floating point number
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Converts a floating-point time into a timeval.
 */

static void f2tv(struct timeval *tv, double t)
{
  tv->tv_sec = t;
  tv->tv_usec = (t - tv->tv_sec)*MILLION;
}

/* --- @wobble@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @double t@ = a time interval
 *
 * Returns:     The same time interval, with a random error applied.
 */

static double wobble(double t)
{
  uint32 r = rand_global.ops->word(&rand_global);
  double w = (r/F_2P32) - 0.5;
  return (t + t*w*T_WOBBLE);
}

/* --- @rs_time@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @retry *rs@ = current retry state
 *              @struct timeval *tv@ = where to write the result
 *              @const struct timeval *now@ = current time, or null
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Computes a time at which to retry sending a key-exchange
 *              packet.  This algorithm is subject to change, but it's
 *              currently a capped exponential backoff, slightly randomized
 *              to try to keep clients from hammering a server that's only
 *              just woken up.
 *
 *              If @now@ is null then the function works out the time for
 *              itself.
 */

static void rs_time(retry *rs, struct timeval *tv, const struct timeval *now)
{
  double t;
  struct timeval rtv;

  if (!rs->t)
    t = SEC(2);
  else {
    t = (rs->t * 5)/4;
    if (t > MIN(5)) t = MIN(5);
  }
  rs->t = t;

  if (!now) {
    now = tv;
    gettimeofday(tv, 0);
  }
  f2tv(&rtv, wobble(t));
  TV_ADD(tv, now, &rtv);
}

/* --- @retry_reset@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @retry *rs@ = retry state
 *
 * Returns:     --
 *
 * Use:         Resets a retry state to indicate that progress has been
 *              made.  Also useful for initializing the state in the first
 *              place.
 */

static void rs_reset(retry *rs) { rs->t = 0; }

/*----- Challenge management ----------------------------------------------*/

/* --- Notes on challenge management --- *
 *
 * We may get multiple different replies to our key exchange; some will be
 * correct, some inserted by attackers.  Up until @KX_THRESH@, all challenges
 * received will be added to the table and given a full response.  After
 * @KX_THRESH@ distinct challenges are received, we return only a `cookie':
 * our existing challenge, followed by a hash of the sender's challenge.  We
 * do %%\emph{not}%% give a bare challenge a reply slot at this stage.  All
 * properly-formed cookies are assigned a table slot: if none is spare, a
 * used slot is randomly selected and destroyed.  A cookie always receives a
 * full reply.
 */

/* --- @kxc_destroy@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @kxchal *kxc@ = pointer to the challenge block
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Disposes of a challenge block.
 */

static void kxc_destroy(kxchal *kxc)
{
  if (kxc->f & KXF_TIMER)
    sel_rmtimer(&kxc->t);
  G_DESTROY(gg, kxc->c);
  G_DESTROY(gg, kxc->r);
  ks_drop(kxc->ks);
  DESTROY(kxc);
}

/* --- @kxc_stoptimer@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @kxchal *kxc@ = pointer to the challenge block
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Stops the challenge's retry timer from sending messages.
 *              Useful when the state machine is in the endgame of the
 *              exchange.
 */

static void kxc_stoptimer(kxchal *kxc)
{
  if (kxc->f & KXF_TIMER)
    sel_rmtimer(&kxc->t);
  kxc->f &= ~KXF_TIMER;
}

/* --- @kxc_new@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *
 * Returns:     A pointer to the challenge block.
 *
 * Use:         Returns a pointer to a new challenge block to fill in.
 */

static kxchal *kxc_new(keyexch *kx)
{
  kxchal *kxc;
  unsigned i;

  /* --- If we're over reply threshold, discard one at random --- */

  if (kx->nr < KX_NCHAL)
    i = kx->nr++;
  else {
    i = rand_global.ops->range(&rand_global, KX_NCHAL);
    kxc_destroy(kx->r[i]);
  }

  /* --- Fill in the new structure --- */

  kxc = CREATE(kxchal);
  kxc->c = G_CREATE(gg);
  kxc->r = G_CREATE(gg);
  kxc->ks = 0;
  kxc->kx = kx;
  kxc->f = 0;
  kx->r[i] = kxc;
  rs_reset(&kxc->rs);
  return (kxc);
}

/* --- @kxc_bychal@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @ge *c@ = challenge from remote host
 *
 * Returns:     Pointer to the challenge block, or null.
 *
 * Use:         Finds a challenge block, given its challenge.
 */

static kxchal *kxc_bychal(keyexch *kx, ge *c)
{
  unsigned i;

  for (i = 0; i < kx->nr; i++) {
    if (G_EQ(gg, c, kx->r[i]->c))
      return (kx->r[i]);
  }
  return (0);
}

/* --- @kxc_byhc@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @const octet *hc@ = challenge hash from remote host
 *
 * Returns:     Pointer to the challenge block, or null.
 *
 * Use:         Finds a challenge block, given a hash of its challenge.
 */

static kxchal *kxc_byhc(keyexch *kx, const octet *hc)
{
  unsigned i;

  for (i = 0; i < kx->nr; i++) {
    if (memcmp(hc, kx->r[i]->hc, algs.hashsz) == 0)
      return (kx->r[i]);
  }
  return (0);
}

/* --- @kxc_answer@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @kxchal *kxc@ = pointer to challenge block
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Sends a reply to the remote host, according to the data in
 *              this challenge block.
 */

static void kxc_answer(keyexch *kx, kxchal *kxc);

static void kxc_timer(struct timeval *tv, void *v)
{
  kxchal *kxc = v;
  kxc->f &= ~KXF_TIMER;
  kxc_answer(kxc->kx, kxc);
}

static void kxc_answer(keyexch *kx, kxchal *kxc)
{
  stats *st = p_stats(kx->p);
  buf *b = p_txstart(kx->p, MSG_KEYEXCH | KX_REPLY);
  struct timeval tv;
  buf bb;

  /* --- Build the reply packet --- */

  T( trace(T_KEYEXCH, "keyexch: sending reply to `%s'", p_name(kx->p)); )
  sendchallenge(kx, b, kxc->c, kxc->hc);
  buf_init(&bb, buf_i, sizeof(buf_i));
  G_TORAW(gg, &bb, kxc->r);
  buf_flip(&bb);
  ks_encrypt(kxc->ks, MSG_KEYEXCH | KX_REPLY, &bb, b);

  /* --- Update the statistics --- */

  if (BOK(b)) {
    st->n_kxout++;
    st->sz_kxout += BLEN(b);
    p_txend(kx->p);
  }

  /* --- Schedule another resend --- */

  if (kxc->f & KXF_TIMER)
    sel_rmtimer(&kxc->t);
  gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
  rs_time(&kxc->rs, &tv, &tv);
  sel_addtimer(&sel, &kxc->t, &tv, kxc_timer, kxc);
  kxc->f |= KXF_TIMER;
}

/*----- Individual message handlers ---------------------------------------*/

/* --- @doprechallenge@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @buf *b@ = buffer containing the packet
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero of the packet was rejected.
 *
 * Use:         Processes a pre-challenge message.
 */

static int doprechallenge(keyexch *kx, buf *b)
{
  stats *st = p_stats(kx->p);
  ge *c = G_CREATE(gg);
  ghash *h;

  /* --- Ensure that we're in a sensible state --- */

  if (kx->s != KXS_CHAL) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "unexpected", "pre-challenge", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }

  /* --- Unpack the packet --- */

  if (G_FROMBUF(gg, b, c) || BLEFT(b))
    goto bad;

  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: challenge = %s", gestr(gg, c));
  }))

  /* --- Send out a full challenge by return --- */

  b = p_txstart(kx->p, MSG_KEYEXCH | KX_CHAL);
  h = GH_INIT(algs.h);
  HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-cookie");
  hashge(h, c);
  sendchallenge(kx, b, c, GH_DONE(h, 0));
  GH_DESTROY(h);
  st->n_kxout++;
  st->sz_kxout += BLEN(b);
  p_txend(kx->p);

  /* --- Done --- */

  G_DESTROY(gg, c);
  return (0);

bad:
  if (c) G_DESTROY(gg, c);
  return (-1);
}

/* --- @respond@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @unsigned msg@ = message code for this packet
 *              @buf *b@ = buffer containing the packet
 *
 * Returns:     Key-exchange challenge block, or null.
 *
 * Use:         Computes a response for the given challenge, entering it into
 *              a challenge block and so on.
 */

static kxchal *respond(keyexch *kx, unsigned msg, buf *b)
{
  ge *c = G_CREATE(gg);
  ge *r = G_CREATE(gg);
  ge *cc = G_CREATE(gg);
  const octet *hc, *ck;
  size_t x, y, z;
  mp *cv = 0;
  kxchal *kxc;
  ghash *h = 0;
  buf bb;
  int ok;

  /* --- Unpack the packet --- */

  if (G_FROMBUF(gg, b, c) ||
      (hc = buf_get(b, algs.hashsz)) == 0 ||
      (ck = buf_get(b, indexsz)) == 0) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "invalid", "%s", pkname[msg], A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: challenge = %s", gestr(gg, c));
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: cookie", hc, algs.hashsz);
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: check-value", ck, indexsz);
  }))

  /* --- Discard a packet with an invalid cookie --- */

  if (hc && memcmp(hc, kx->hc, algs.hashsz) != 0) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "incorrect", "cookie", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }

  /* --- Recover the check value and verify it --- *
   *
   * To avoid recomputation on replays, we store a hash of the `right'
   * value.  The `correct' value is unique, so this is right.
   *
   * This will also find a challenge block and, if necessary, populate it.
   */

  if ((kxc = kxc_bychal(kx, c)) != 0) {
    h = GH_INIT(algs.h);
    HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-check-hash");
    GH_HASH(h, ck, indexsz);
    ok = !memcmp(kxc->ck, GH_DONE(h, 0), algs.hashsz);
    GH_DESTROY(h);
    if (!ok) goto badcheck;
  } else {

    /* --- Compute the reply, and check the magic --- */

    G_EXP(gg, r, c, kpriv);
    cv = mpunmask(MP_NEW, ck, indexsz,
                  hashcheck(kx->kpub, kx->c, c, r), algs.hashsz);
    IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
      trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: computed reply = %s", gestr(gg, r));
      trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: recovered log = %s", mpstr(cv));
    }))
    if (MP_CMP(cv, >, gg->r) ||
        (G_EXP(gg, cc, gg->g, cv), !G_EQ(gg, c, cc)))
      goto badcheck;

    /* --- Fill in a new challenge block --- */

    kxc = kxc_new(kx);
    G_COPY(gg, kxc->c, c);
    G_COPY(gg, kxc->r, r);

    h = GH_INIT(algs.h);
    HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-check-hash");
    GH_HASH(h, ck, indexsz);
    GH_DONE(h, kxc->ck);
    GH_DESTROY(h);

    h = GH_INIT(algs.h);
    HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-cookie");
    hashge(h, kxc->c);
    GH_DONE(h, kxc->hc);
    GH_DESTROY(h);

    IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
      trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: computed cookie", kxc->hc, algs.hashsz);
    }))

    /* --- Work out the shared key --- */

    G_EXP(gg, r, c, kx->alpha);
    IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
      trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: shared secret = %s", gestr(gg, r));
    }))

    /* --- Compute the switch messages --- */

    h = GH_INIT(algs.h); HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-switch-request");
    hashge(h, kx->c); hashge(h, kxc->c);
    GH_DONE(h, kxc->hswrq_out); GH_DESTROY(h);
    h = GH_INIT(algs.h); HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-switch-confirm");
    hashge(h, kx->c); hashge(h, kxc->c);
    GH_DONE(h, kxc->hswok_out); GH_DESTROY(h);

    h = GH_INIT(algs.h); HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-switch-request");
    hashge(h, kxc->c); hashge(h, kx->c);
    GH_DONE(h, kxc->hswrq_in); GH_DESTROY(h);
    h = GH_INIT(algs.h); HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-switch-confirm");
    hashge(h, kxc->c); hashge(h, kx->c);
    GH_DONE(h, kxc->hswok_in); GH_DESTROY(h);

    IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
      trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: outbound switch request",
                  kxc->hswrq_out, algs.hashsz);
      trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: outbound switch confirm",
                  kxc->hswok_out, algs.hashsz);
      trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: inbound switch request",
                  kxc->hswrq_in, algs.hashsz);
      trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: inbound switch confirm",
                  kxc->hswok_in, algs.hashsz);
    }))

    /* --- Create a new symmetric keyset --- */

    buf_init(&bb, buf_o, sizeof(buf_o));
    G_TOBUF(gg, &bb, kx->c); x = BLEN(&bb);
    G_TOBUF(gg, &bb, kxc->c); y = BLEN(&bb);
    G_TOBUF(gg, &bb, r); z = BLEN(&bb);
    assert(BOK(&bb));

    kxc->ks = ks_gen(BBASE(&bb), x, y, z, kx->p);
  }

  G_DESTROY(gg, c);
  G_DESTROY(gg, cc);
  G_DESTROY(gg, r);
  mp_drop(cv);
  return (kxc);

badcheck:
  a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "bad-expected-reply-log", A_END);
  goto bad;
bad:
  G_DESTROY(gg, c);
  G_DESTROY(gg, cc);
  G_DESTROY(gg, r);
  mp_drop(cv);
  return (0);
}

/* --- @dochallenge@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @unsigned msg@ = message code for the packet
 *              @buf *b@ = buffer containing the packet
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero if the packet was rejected.
 *
 * Use:         Processes a packet containing a challenge.
 */

static int dochallenge(keyexch *kx, buf *b)
{
  kxchal *kxc;

  if (kx->s != KXS_CHAL) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "unexpected", "challenge", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  if ((kxc = respond(kx, KX_CHAL, b)) == 0)
    goto bad;
  if (BLEFT(b)) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "invalid", "challenge", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  kxc_answer(kx, kxc);
  return (0);

bad:
  return (-1);
}

/* --- @resend@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Sends the next message for a key exchange.
 */

static void resend(keyexch *kx)
{
  kxchal *kxc;
  buf bb;
  stats *st = p_stats(kx->p);
  struct timeval tv;
  buf *b;

  switch (kx->s) {
    case KXS_CHAL:
      T( trace(T_KEYEXCH, "keyexch: sending prechallenge to `%s'",
               p_name(kx->p)); )
      b = p_txstart(kx->p, MSG_KEYEXCH | KX_PRECHAL);
      G_TOBUF(gg, b, kx->c);
      break;
    case KXS_COMMIT:
      T( trace(T_KEYEXCH, "keyexch: sending switch request to `%s'",
               p_name(kx->p)); )
      kxc = kx->r[0];
      b = p_txstart(kx->p, MSG_KEYEXCH | KX_SWITCH);
      buf_put(b, kx->hc, algs.hashsz);
      buf_put(b, kxc->hc, algs.hashsz);
      buf_init(&bb, buf_i, sizeof(buf_i));
      G_TORAW(gg, &bb, kxc->r);
      buf_put(&bb, kxc->hswrq_out, algs.hashsz);
      buf_flip(&bb);
      ks_encrypt(kxc->ks, MSG_KEYEXCH | KX_SWITCH, &bb, b);
      break;
    case KXS_SWITCH:
      T( trace(T_KEYEXCH, "keyexch: sending switch confirmation to `%s'",
               p_name(kx->p)); )
      kxc = kx->r[0];
      b = p_txstart(kx->p, MSG_KEYEXCH | KX_SWITCHOK);
      buf_init(&bb, buf_i, sizeof(buf_i));
      buf_put(&bb, kxc->hswok_out, algs.hashsz);
      buf_flip(&bb);
      ks_encrypt(kxc->ks, MSG_KEYEXCH | KX_SWITCHOK, &bb, b);
      break;
    default:
      abort();
  }

  if (BOK(b)) {
    st->n_kxout++;
    st->sz_kxout += BLEN(b);
    p_txend(kx->p);
  }

  if (kx->s < KXS_SWITCH) {
    rs_time(&kx->rs, &tv, 0);
    settimer(kx, &tv);
  }
}

/* --- @decryptrest@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @kxchal *kxc@ = pointer to challenge block
 *              @unsigned msg@ = type of incoming message
 *              @buf *b@ = encrypted remainder of the packet
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero on some kind of error.
 *
 * Use:         Decrypts the remainder of the packet, and points @b@ at the
 *              recovered plaintext.
 */

static int decryptrest(keyexch *kx, kxchal *kxc, unsigned msg, buf *b)
{
  buf bb;

  buf_init(&bb, buf_o, sizeof(buf_o));
  if (ks_decrypt(kxc->ks, MSG_KEYEXCH | msg, b, &bb)) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "decrypt-failed", "%s", pkname[msg], A_END);
    return (-1);
  }
  if (!BOK(&bb)) return (-1);
  buf_init(b, BBASE(&bb), BLEN(&bb));
  return (0);
}

/* --- @checkresponse@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @unsigned msg@ = type of incoming message
 *              @buf *b@ = decrypted remainder of the packet
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero on some kind of error.
 *
 * Use:         Checks a reply or switch packet, ensuring that its response
 *              is correct.
 */

static int checkresponse(keyexch *kx, unsigned msg, buf *b)
{
  ge *r = G_CREATE(gg);

  if (G_FROMRAW(gg, b, r)) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "invalid", "%s", pkname[msg], A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: reply = %s", gestr(gg, r));
  }))
  if (!G_EQ(gg, r, kx->rx)) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "incorrect", "response", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }

  G_DESTROY(gg, r);
  return (0);

bad:
  G_DESTROY(gg, r);
  return (-1);
}

/* --- @commit@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @kxchal *kxc@ = pointer to challenge to commit to
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Commits to a particular challenge as being the `right' one,
 *              since a reply has arrived for it.
 */

static void commit(keyexch *kx, kxchal *kxc)
{
  unsigned i;

  for (i = 0; i < kx->nr; i++) {
    if (kx->r[i] != kxc)
      kxc_destroy(kx->r[i]);
  }
  kx->r[0] = kxc;
  kx->nr = 1;
  kxc_stoptimer(kxc);
  ksl_link(kx->ks, kxc->ks);
}

/* --- @doreply@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @buf *b@ = buffer containing packet
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero if the packet was rejected.
 *
 * Use:         Handles a reply packet.  This doesn't handle the various
 *              switch packets: they're rather too different.
 */

static int doreply(keyexch *kx, buf *b)
{
  kxchal *kxc;

  if (kx->s != KXS_CHAL && kx->s != KXS_COMMIT) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "unexpected", "reply", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  if ((kxc = respond(kx, KX_REPLY, b)) == 0 ||
      decryptrest(kx, kxc, KX_REPLY, b) ||
      checkresponse(kx, KX_REPLY, b))
    goto bad;
  if (BLEFT(b)) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "invalid", "reply", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  if (kx->s == KXS_CHAL) {
    commit(kx, kxc);
    kx->s = KXS_COMMIT;
  }
  resend(kx);
  return (0);

bad:
  return (-1);
}

/* --- @kxfinish@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Sets everything up following a successful key exchange.
 */

static void kxfinish(keyexch *kx)
{
  kxchal *kxc = kx->r[0];
  struct timeval now, tv;

  ks_activate(kxc->ks);
  gettimeofday(&now, 0);
  f2tv(&tv, wobble(T_REGEN));
  TV_ADD(&tv, &now, &tv);
  settimer(kx, &tv);
  kx->s = KXS_SWITCH;
  a_notify("KXDONE", "?PEER", kx->p, A_END);
  p_stats(kx->p)->t_kx = time(0);
}

/* --- @doswitch@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @buf *b@ = pointer to buffer containing packet
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero if the packet was rejected.
 *
 * Use:         Handles a reply with a switch request bolted onto it.
 */

static int doswitch(keyexch *kx, buf *b)
{
  const octet *hc_in, *hc_out, *hswrq;
  kxchal *kxc;

  if ((hc_in = buf_get(b, algs.hashsz)) == 0 ||
      (hc_out = buf_get(b, algs.hashsz)) == 0) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "invalid", "switch-rq", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: challenge", hc_in, algs.hashsz);
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: cookie", hc_out, algs.hashsz);
  }))
  if ((kxc = kxc_byhc(kx, hc_in)) == 0 ||
      memcmp(hc_out, kx->hc, algs.hashsz) != 0) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "incorrect", "switch-rq", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  if (decryptrest(kx, kxc, KX_SWITCH, b) ||
      checkresponse(kx, KX_SWITCH, b))
    goto bad;
  if ((hswrq = buf_get(b, algs.hashsz)) == 0 || BLEFT(b)) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "invalid", "switch-rq", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, {
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: switch request hash", hswrq, algs.hashsz);
  })
  if (memcmp(hswrq, kxc->hswrq_in, algs.hashsz) != 0) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "incorrect", "switch-rq", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  if (kx->s == KXS_CHAL)
    commit(kx, kxc);
  if (kx->s < KXS_SWITCH)
    kxfinish(kx);
  resend(kx);
  return (0);

bad:
  return (-1);
}

/* --- @doswitchok@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange block
 *              @buf *b@ = pointer to buffer containing packet
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero if the packet was rejected.
 *
 * Use:         Handles a reply with a switch request bolted onto it.
 */

static int doswitchok(keyexch *kx, buf *b)
{
  const octet *hswok;
  kxchal *kxc;
  buf bb;

  if (kx->s < KXS_COMMIT) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "unexpected", "switch-ok", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  kxc = kx->r[0];
  buf_init(&bb, buf_o, sizeof(buf_o));
  if (decryptrest(kx, kxc, KX_SWITCHOK, b))
    goto bad;
  if ((hswok = buf_get(b, algs.hashsz)) == 0 || BLEFT(b)) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "invalid", "switch-ok", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, {
    trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: switch confirmation hash",
                hswok, algs.hashsz);
  })
  if (memcmp(hswok, kxc->hswok_in, algs.hashsz) != 0) {
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "incorrect", "switch-ok", A_END);
    goto bad;
  }
  if (kx->s < KXS_SWITCH)
    kxfinish(kx);
  return (0);

bad:
  return (-1);
}

/*----- Main code ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* --- @stop@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Stops a key exchange dead in its tracks.  Throws away all of
 *              the context information.  The context is left in an
 *              inconsistent state.  The only functions which understand this
 *              state are @kx_free@ and @kx_init@ (which cause it internally
 *              it), and @start@ (which expects it to be the prevailing
 *              state).
 */

static void stop(keyexch *kx)
{
  unsigned i;

  if (kx->f & KXF_DEAD)
    return;

  if (kx->f & KXF_TIMER)
    sel_rmtimer(&kx->t);
  for (i = 0; i < kx->nr; i++)
    kxc_destroy(kx->r[i]);
  mp_drop(kx->alpha);
  G_DESTROY(gg, kx->c);
  G_DESTROY(gg, kx->rx);
  kx->t_valid = 0;
  kx->f |= KXF_DEAD;
  kx->f &= ~KXF_TIMER;
}

/* --- @start@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @time_t now@ = the current time
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Starts a new key exchange with the peer.  The context must be
 *              in the bizarre state left by @stop@ or @kx_init@.
 */

static void start(keyexch *kx, time_t now)
{
  ghash *h;

  assert(kx->f & KXF_DEAD);

  kx->f &= ~(KXF_DEAD | KXF_CORK);
  kx->nr = 0;
  kx->alpha = mprand_range(MP_NEW, gg->r, &rand_global, 0);
  kx->c = G_CREATE(gg); G_EXP(gg, kx->c, gg->g, kx->alpha);
  kx->rx = G_CREATE(gg); G_EXP(gg, kx->rx, kx->kpub, kx->alpha);
  kx->s = KXS_CHAL;
  kx->t_valid = now + T_VALID;

  h = GH_INIT(algs.h);
  HASH_STRING(h, "tripe-cookie");
  hashge(h, kx->c);
  GH_DONE(h, kx->hc);
  GH_DESTROY(h);

  IF_TRACING(T_KEYEXCH, {
    trace(T_KEYEXCH, "keyexch: creating new challenge");
    IF_TRACING(T_CRYPTO, {
      trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: secret = %s", mpstr(kx->alpha));
      trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: challenge = %s", gestr(gg, kx->c));
      trace(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: expected response = %s", gestr(gg, kx->rx));
      trace_block(T_CRYPTO, "crypto: challenge cookie", kx->hc, algs.hashsz);
    })
  })
}

/* --- @checkpub@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero if the peer's public key has expired.
 *
 * Use:         Deactivates the key-exchange until the peer acquires a new
 *              public key.
 */

static int checkpub(keyexch *kx)
{
  time_t now;
  if (kx->f & KXF_DEAD)
    return (-1);
  now = time(0);
  if (KEY_EXPIRED(now, kx->texp_kpub)) {
    stop(kx);
    a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "public-key-expired", A_END);
    G_COPY(gg, kx->kpub, gg->i);
    kx->f &= ~KXF_PUBKEY;
    return (-1);
  }
  return (0);
}

/* --- @kx_start@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @int forcep@ = nonzero to ignore the quiet timer
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Stimulates a key exchange.  If a key exchage is in progress,
 *              a new challenge is sent (unless the quiet timer forbids
 *              this); if no exchange is in progress, one is commenced.
 */

void kx_start(keyexch *kx, int forcep)
{
  time_t now = time(0);

  if (checkpub(kx))
    return;
  if (forcep || !VALIDP(kx, now)) {
    stop(kx);
    start(kx, now);
    a_notify("KXSTART", "?PEER", kx->p, A_END);
  }
  resend(kx);
}

/* --- @kx_message@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @unsigned msg@ = the message code
 *              @buf *b@ = pointer to buffer containing the packet
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Reads a packet containing key exchange messages and handles
 *              it.
 */

void kx_message(keyexch *kx, unsigned msg, buf *b)
{
  struct timeval now, tv;
  stats *st = p_stats(kx->p);
  size_t sz = BSZ(b);
  int rc;

  gettimeofday(&now, 0);
  rs_reset(&kx->rs);
  if (kx->f & KXF_CORK) {
    start(kx, now.tv_sec);
    rs_time(&kx->rs, &tv, &now);
    settimer(kx, &tv);
    a_notify("KXSTART", A_END);
  }

  if (checkpub(kx))
    return;

  if (!VALIDP(kx, now.tv_sec)) {
    stop(kx);
    start(kx, now.tv_sec);
  }
  T( trace(T_KEYEXCH, "keyexch: processing %s packet from `%s'",
           msg < KX_NMSG ? pkname[msg] : "unknown", p_name(kx->p)); )

  switch (msg) {
    case KX_PRECHAL:
      rc = doprechallenge(kx, b);
      break;
    case KX_CHAL:
      rc = dochallenge(kx, b);
      break;
    case KX_REPLY:
      rc = doreply(kx, b);
      break;
    case KX_SWITCH:
      rc = doswitch(kx, b);
      break;
    case KX_SWITCHOK:
      rc = doswitchok(kx, b);
      break;
    default:
      a_warn("KX", "?PEER", kx->p, "unknown-message", "0x%02x", msg, A_END);
      rc = -1;
      break;
  }

  if (rc)
    st->n_reject++;
  else {
    st->n_kxin++;
    st->sz_kxin += sz;
  }
}

/* --- @kx_free@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Frees everything in a key exchange context.
 */

void kx_free(keyexch *kx)
{
  stop(kx);
  G_DESTROY(gg, kx->kpub);
}

/* --- @kx_newkeys@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *
 * Returns:     ---
 *
 * Use:         Informs the key exchange module that its keys may have
 *              changed.  If fetching the new keys fails, the peer will be
 *              destroyed, we log messages and struggle along with the old
 *              keys.
 */

void kx_newkeys(keyexch *kx)
{
  if (km_getpubkey(p_tag(kx->p), kx->kpub, &kx->texp_kpub))
    return;
  kx->f |= KXF_PUBKEY;
  if ((kx->f & KXF_DEAD) || kx->s != KXS_SWITCH) {
    T( trace(T_KEYEXCH, "keyexch: restarting key negotiation with `%s'",
             p_name(kx->p)); )
    stop(kx);
    start(kx, time(0));
    resend(kx);
  }
}

/* --- @kx_init@ --- *
 *
 * Arguments:   @keyexch *kx@ = pointer to key exchange context
 *              @peer *p@ = pointer to peer context
 *              @keyset **ks@ = pointer to keyset list
 *              @unsigned f@ = various useful flags
 *
 * Returns:     Zero if OK, nonzero if it failed.
 *
 * Use:         Initializes a key exchange module.  The module currently
 *              contains no keys, and will attempt to initiate a key
 *              exchange.
 */

int kx_init(keyexch *kx, peer *p, keyset **ks, unsigned f)
{
  kx->ks = ks;
  kx->p = p;
  kx->kpub = G_CREATE(gg);
  if (km_getpubkey(p_tag(p), kx->kpub, &kx->texp_kpub)) {
    G_DESTROY(gg, kx->kpub);
    return (-1);
  }
  kx->f = KXF_DEAD | KXF_PUBKEY | f;
  rs_reset(&kx->rs);
  if (!(kx->f & KXF_CORK)) {
    start(kx, time(0));
    resend(kx);
    /* Don't notify here: the ADD message hasn't gone out yet. */
  }
  return (0);
}

/*----- That's all, folks -------------------------------------------------*/