A bunch of new reasoning techniques in the Slant solver, leading to

[sgt/puzzles] / slant.c

/*
 * slant.c: Puzzle from nikoli.co.jp involving drawing a diagonal
 * line through each square of a grid.
 */

/*
 * In this puzzle you have a grid of squares, each of which must
 * contain a diagonal line; you also have clue numbers placed at
 * _points_ of that grid, which means there's a (w+1) x (h+1) array
 * of possible clue positions.
 * 
 * I'm therefore going to adopt a rigid convention throughout this
 * source file of using w and h for the dimensions of the grid of
 * squares, and W and H for the dimensions of the grid of points.
 * Thus, W == w+1 and H == h+1 always.
 * 
 * Clue arrays will be W*H `signed char's, and the clue at each
 * point will be a number from 0 to 4, or -1 if there's no clue.
 * 
 * Solution arrays will be W*H `signed char's, and the number at
 * each point will be +1 for a forward slash (/), -1 for a
 * backslash (\), and 0 for unknown.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>

#include "puzzles.h"

enum {
    COL_BACKGROUND,
    COL_GRID,
    COL_INK,
    COL_SLANT1,
    COL_SLANT2,
    NCOLOURS
};

/*
 * In standalone solver mode, `verbose' is a variable which can be
 * set by command-line option; in debugging mode it's simply always
 * true.
 */
#if defined STANDALONE_SOLVER
#define SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
int verbose = FALSE;
#elif defined SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
#define verbose TRUE
#endif

/*
 * Difficulty levels. I do some macro ickery here to ensure that my
 * enum and the various forms of my name list always match up.
 */
#define DIFFLIST(A) \
    A(EASY,Easy,e) \
    A(HARD,Hard,h)
#define ENUM(upper,title,lower) DIFF_ ## upper,
#define TITLE(upper,title,lower) #title,
#define ENCODE(upper,title,lower) #lower
#define CONFIG(upper,title,lower) ":" #title
enum { DIFFLIST(ENUM) DIFFCOUNT };
static char const *const slant_diffnames[] = { DIFFLIST(TITLE) };
static char const slant_diffchars[] = DIFFLIST(ENCODE);
#define DIFFCONFIG DIFFLIST(CONFIG)

struct game_params {
    int w, h, diff;
};

typedef struct game_clues {
    int w, h;
    signed char *clues;
    int *dsf;                          /* scratch space for completion check */
    int refcount;
} game_clues;

struct game_state {
    struct game_params p;
    game_clues *clues;
    signed char *soln;
    int completed;
    int used_solve;                    /* used to suppress completion flash */
};

static game_params *default_params(void)
{
    game_params *ret = snew(game_params);

    ret->w = ret->h = 8;
    ret->diff = DIFF_EASY;

    return ret;
}

static const struct game_params slant_presets[] = {
    {5, 5, DIFF_EASY},
    {5, 5, DIFF_HARD},
    {8, 8, DIFF_EASY},
    {8, 8, DIFF_HARD},
    {12, 10, DIFF_EASY},
    {12, 10, DIFF_HARD},
};

static int game_fetch_preset(int i, char **name, game_params **params)
{
    game_params *ret;
    char str[80];

    if (i < 0 || i >= lenof(slant_presets))
        return FALSE;

    ret = snew(game_params);
    *ret = slant_presets[i];

    sprintf(str, "%dx%d %s", ret->w, ret->h, slant_diffnames[ret->diff]);

    *name = dupstr(str);
    *params = ret;
    return TRUE;
}

static void free_params(game_params *params)
{
    sfree(params);
}

static game_params *dup_params(game_params *params)
{
    game_params *ret = snew(game_params);
    *ret = *params;                    /* structure copy */
    return ret;
}

static void decode_params(game_params *ret, char const *string)
{
    ret->w = ret->h = atoi(string);
    while (*string && isdigit((unsigned char)*string)) string++;
    if (*string == 'x') {
        string++;
        ret->h = atoi(string);
        while (*string && isdigit((unsigned char)*string)) string++;
    }
    if (*string == 'd') {
        int i;
        string++;
        for (i = 0; i < DIFFCOUNT; i++)
            if (*string == slant_diffchars[i])
                ret->diff = i;
        if (*string) string++;
    }
}

static char *encode_params(game_params *params, int full)
{
    char data[256];

    sprintf(data, "%dx%d", params->w, params->h);
    if (full)
        sprintf(data + strlen(data), "d%c", slant_diffchars[params->diff]);

    return dupstr(data);
}

static config_item *game_configure(game_params *params)
{
    config_item *ret;
    char buf[80];

    ret = snewn(2, config_item);

    ret[0].name = "Width";
    ret[0].type = C_STRING;
    sprintf(buf, "%d", params->w);
    ret[0].sval = dupstr(buf);
    ret[0].ival = 0;

    ret[1].name = "Height";
    ret[1].type = C_STRING;
    sprintf(buf, "%d", params->h);
    ret[1].sval = dupstr(buf);
    ret[1].ival = 0;

    ret[2].name = "Difficulty";
    ret[2].type = C_CHOICES;
    ret[2].sval = DIFFCONFIG;
    ret[2].ival = params->diff;

    ret[3].name = NULL;
    ret[3].type = C_END;
    ret[3].sval = NULL;
    ret[3].ival = 0;

    return ret;
}

static game_params *custom_params(config_item *cfg)
{
    game_params *ret = snew(game_params);

    ret->w = atoi(cfg[0].sval);
    ret->h = atoi(cfg[1].sval);
    ret->diff = cfg[2].ival;

    return ret;
}

static char *validate_params(game_params *params, int full)
{
    /*
     * (At least at the time of writing this comment) The grid
     * generator is actually capable of handling even zero grid
     * dimensions without crashing. Puzzles with a zero-area grid
     * are a bit boring, though, because they're already solved :-)
     * And puzzles with a dimension of 1 can't be made Hard, which
     * means the simplest thing is to forbid them altogether.
     */

    if (params->w < 2 || params->h < 2)
        return "Width and height must both be at least two";

    return NULL;
}

/*
 * Scratch space for solver.
 */
struct solver_scratch {
    /*
     * Disjoint set forest which tracks the connected sets of
     * points.
     */
    int *connected;

    /*
     * Counts the number of possible exits from each connected set
     * of points. (That is, the number of possible _simultaneous_
     * exits: an unconnected point labelled 2 has an exit count of
     * 2 even if all four possible edges are still under
     * consideration.)
     */
    int *exits;

    /*
     * Tracks whether each connected set of points includes a
     * border point.
     */
    unsigned char *border;

    /*
     * Another disjoint set forest. This one tracks _squares_ which
     * are known to slant in the same direction.
     */
    int *equiv;

    /*
     * Stores slash values which we know for an equivalence class.
     * When we fill in a square, we set slashval[canonify(x)] to
     * the same value as soln[x], so that we can then spot other
     * squares equivalent to it and fill them in immediately via
     * their known equivalence.
     */
    signed char *slashval;

    /*
     * Useful to have this information automatically passed to
     * solver subroutines. (This pointer is not dynamically
     * allocated by new_scratch and free_scratch.)
     */
    const signed char *clues;
};

static struct solver_scratch *new_scratch(int w, int h)
{
    int W = w+1, H = h+1;
    struct solver_scratch *ret = snew(struct solver_scratch);
    ret->connected = snewn(W*H, int);
    ret->exits = snewn(W*H, int);
    ret->border = snewn(W*H, unsigned char);
    ret->equiv = snewn(w*h, int);
    ret->slashval = snewn(w*h, signed char);
    return ret;
}

static void free_scratch(struct solver_scratch *sc)
{
    sfree(sc->slashval);
    sfree(sc->equiv);
    sfree(sc->border);
    sfree(sc->exits);
    sfree(sc->connected);
    sfree(sc);
}

/*
 * Wrapper on dsf_merge() which updates the `exits' and `border'
 * arrays.
 */
static void merge_vertices(int *connected,
                           struct solver_scratch *sc, int i, int j)
{
    int exits = -1, border = FALSE;    /* initialise to placate optimiser */

    if (sc) {
        i = dsf_canonify(connected, i);
        j = dsf_canonify(connected, j);

        /*
         * We have used one possible exit from each of the two
         * classes. Thus, the viable exit count of the new class is
         * the sum of the old exit counts minus two.
         */
        exits = sc->exits[i] + sc->exits[j] - 2;

        border = sc->border[i] || sc->border[j];
    }

    dsf_merge(connected, i, j);

    if (sc) {
        i = dsf_canonify(connected, i);
        sc->exits[i] = exits;
        sc->border[i] = border;
    }
}

/*
 * Called when we have just blocked one way out of a particular
 * point. If that point is a non-clue point (thus has a variable
 * number of exits), we have therefore decreased its potential exit
 * count, so we must decrement the exit count for the group as a
 * whole.
 */
static void decr_exits(struct solver_scratch *sc, int i)
{
    if (sc->clues[i] < 0) {
        i = dsf_canonify(sc->connected, i);
        sc->exits[i]--;
    }
}

static void fill_square(int w, int h, int x, int y, int v,
                        signed char *soln,
                        int *connected, struct solver_scratch *sc)
{
    int W = w+1 /*, H = h+1 */;

    assert(x >= 0 && x < w && y >= 0 && y < h);

    if (soln[y*w+x] != 0) {
        return;                        /* do nothing */
    }

#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
    if (verbose)
        printf("  placing %c in %d,%d\n", v == -1 ? '\\' : '/', x, y);
#endif

    soln[y*w+x] = v;

    if (sc) {
        int c = dsf_canonify(sc->equiv, y*w+x);
        sc->slashval[c] = v;
    }

    if (v < 0) {
        merge_vertices(connected, sc, y*W+x, (y+1)*W+(x+1));
        if (sc) {
            decr_exits(sc, y*W+(x+1));
            decr_exits(sc, (y+1)*W+x);
        }
    } else {
        merge_vertices(connected, sc, y*W+(x+1), (y+1)*W+x);
        if (sc) {
            decr_exits(sc, y*W+x);
            decr_exits(sc, (y+1)*W+(x+1));
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Solver. Returns 0 for impossibility, 1 for success, 2 for
 * ambiguity or failure to converge.
 */
static int slant_solve(int w, int h, const signed char *clues,
                       signed char *soln, struct solver_scratch *sc,
                       int difficulty)
{
    int W = w+1, H = h+1;
    int x, y, i, j;
    int done_something;

    /*
     * Clear the output.
     */
    memset(soln, 0, w*h);

    sc->clues = clues;

    /*
     * Establish a disjoint set forest for tracking connectedness
     * between grid points.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < W*H; i++)
        sc->connected[i] = i;          /* initially all distinct */

    /*
     * Establish a disjoint set forest for tracking which squares
     * are known to slant in the same direction.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < w*h; i++)
        sc->equiv[i] = i;              /* initially all distinct */

    /*
     * Clear the slashval array.
     */
    memset(sc->slashval, 0, w*h);

    /*
     * Initialise the `exits' and `border' arrays. Theses is used
     * to do second-order loop avoidance: the dual of the no loops
     * constraint is that every point must be somehow connected to
     * the border of the grid (otherwise there would be a solid
     * loop around it which prevented this).
     * 
     * I define a `dead end' to be a connected group of points
     * which contains no border point, and which can form at most
     * one new connection outside itself. Then I forbid placing an
     * edge so that it connects together two dead-end groups, since
     * this would yield a non-border-connected isolated subgraph
     * with no further scope to extend it.
     */
    for (y = 0; y < H; y++)
        for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
            if (y == 0 || y == H-1 || x == 0 || x == W-1)
                sc->border[y*W+x] = TRUE;
            else
                sc->border[y*W+x] = FALSE;

            if (clues[y*W+x] < 0)
                sc->exits[y*W+x] = 4;
            else
                sc->exits[y*W+x] = clues[y*W+x];
        }

    /*
     * Make a one-off preliminary pass over the grid looking for
     * starting-point arrangements. The ones we need to spot are:
     * 
     *  - two adjacent 1s in the centre of the grid imply that each
     *    one's single line points towards the other. (If either 1
     *    were connected on the far side, the two squares shared
     *    between the 1s would both link to the other 1 as a
     *    consequence of neither linking to the first.) Thus, we
     *    can fill in the four squares around them.
     * 
     *  - dually, two adjacent 3s imply that each one's _non_-line
     *    points towards the other.
     * 
     *  - if the pair of 1s and 3s is not _adjacent_ but is
     *    separated by one or more 2s, the reasoning still applies.
     * 
     * This is more advanced than just spotting obvious starting
     * squares such as central 4s and edge 2s, so we disable it on
     * DIFF_EASY.
     * 
     * (I don't like this loop; it feels grubby to me. My
     * mathematical intuition feels there ought to be some more
     * general deductive form which contains this loop as a special
     * case, but I can't bring it to mind right now.)
     */
    if (difficulty > DIFF_EASY) {
        for (y = 1; y+1 < H; y++)
            for (x = 1; x+1 < W; x++) {
                int v = clues[y*W+x], s, x2, y2, dx, dy;
                if (v != 1 && v != 3)
                    continue;
                /* Slash value of the square up and left of (x,y). */
                s = (v == 1 ? +1 : -1);

                /* Look in each direction once. */
                for (dy = 0; dy < 2; dy++) {
                    dx = 1 - dy;
                    x2 = x+dx;
                    y2 = y+dy;
                    if (x2+1 >= W || y2+1 >= H)
                        continue;              /* too close to the border */
                    while (x2+dx+1 < W && y2+dy+1 < H && clues[y2*W+x2] == 2)
                        x2 += dx, y2 += dy;
                    if (clues[y2*W+x2] == v) {
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                        if (verbose)
                            printf("found adjacent %ds at %d,%d and %d,%d\n",
                                   v, x, y, x2, y2);
#endif
                        fill_square(w, h, x-1, y-1, s, soln,
                                    sc->connected, sc);
                        fill_square(w, h, x-1+dy, y-1+dx, -s, soln,
                                    sc->connected, sc);
                        fill_square(w, h, x2, y2, s, soln,
                                    sc->connected, sc);
                        fill_square(w, h, x2-dy, y2-dx, -s, soln,
                                    sc->connected, sc);
                    }
                }
            }
    }

    /*
     * Repeatedly try to deduce something until we can't.
     */
    do {
        done_something = FALSE;

        /*
         * Any clue point with the number of remaining lines equal
         * to zero or to the number of remaining undecided
         * neighbouring squares can be filled in completely.
         */
        for (y = 0; y < H; y++)
            for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
                struct {
                    int pos, slash;
                } neighbours[4];
                int nneighbours;
                int nu, nl, c, s, eq, eq2, last, meq, mj1, mj2;

                if ((c = clues[y*W+x]) < 0)
                    continue;

                /*
                 * We have a clue point. Start by listing its
                 * neighbouring squares, in order around the point,
                 * together with the type of slash that would be
                 * required in that square to connect to the point.
                 */
                nneighbours = 0;
                if (x > 0 && y > 0) {
                    neighbours[nneighbours].pos = (y-1)*w+(x-1);
                    neighbours[nneighbours].slash = -1;
                    nneighbours++;
                }
                if (x > 0 && y < h) {
                    neighbours[nneighbours].pos = y*w+(x-1);
                    neighbours[nneighbours].slash = +1;
                    nneighbours++;
                }
                if (x < w && y < h) {
                    neighbours[nneighbours].pos = y*w+x;
                    neighbours[nneighbours].slash = -1;
                    nneighbours++;
                }
                if (x < w && y > 0) {
                    neighbours[nneighbours].pos = (y-1)*w+x;
                    neighbours[nneighbours].slash = +1;
                    nneighbours++;
                }

                /*
                 * Count up the number of undecided neighbours, and
                 * also the number of lines already present.
                 *
                 * If we're not on DIFF_EASY, then in this loop we
                 * also track whether we've seen two adjacent empty
                 * squares belonging to the same equivalence class
                 * (meaning they have the same type of slash). If
                 * so, we count them jointly as one line.
                 */
                nu = 0;
                nl = c;
                last = neighbours[nneighbours-1].pos;
                if (soln[last] == 0)
                    eq = dsf_canonify(sc->equiv, last);
                else
                    eq = -1;
                meq = mj1 = mj2 = -1;
                for (i = 0; i < nneighbours; i++) {
                    j = neighbours[i].pos;
                    s = neighbours[i].slash;
                    if (soln[j] == 0) {
                        nu++;          /* undecided */
                        if (meq < 0 && difficulty > DIFF_EASY) {
                            eq2 = dsf_canonify(sc->equiv, j);
                            if (eq == eq2 && last != j) {
                                /*
                                 * We've found an equivalent pair.
                                 * Mark it. This also inhibits any
                                 * further equivalence tracking
                                 * around this square, since we can
                                 * only handle one pair (and in
                                 * particular we want to avoid
                                 * being misled by two overlapping
                                 * equivalence pairs).
                                 */
                                meq = eq;
                                mj1 = last;
                                mj2 = j;
                                nl--;   /* count one line */
                                nu -= 2;   /* and lose two undecideds */
                            } else
                                eq = eq2;
                        }
                    } else {
                        eq = -1;
                        if (soln[j] == s)
                            nl--;      /* here's a line */
                    }
                    last = j;
                }

                /*
                 * Check the counts.
                 */
                if (nl < 0 || nl > nu) {
                    /*
                     * No consistent value for this at all!
                     */
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    if (verbose)
                        printf("need %d / %d lines around clue point at %d,%d!\n",
                               nl, nu, x, y);
#endif
                    return 0;          /* impossible */
                }

                if (nu > 0 && (nl == 0 || nl == nu)) {
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    if (verbose) {
                        if (meq >= 0)
                            printf("partially (since %d,%d == %d,%d) ",
                                   mj1%w, mj1/w, mj2%w, mj2/w);
                        printf("%s around clue point at %d,%d\n",
                               nl ? "filling" : "emptying", x, y);
                    }
#endif
                    for (i = 0; i < nneighbours; i++) {
                        j = neighbours[i].pos;
                        s = neighbours[i].slash;
                        if (soln[j] == 0 && j != mj1 && j != mj2)
                            fill_square(w, h, j%w, j/w, (nl ? s : -s), soln,
                                        sc->connected, sc);
                    }

                    done_something = TRUE;
                } else if (nu == 2 && nl == 1 && difficulty > DIFF_EASY) {
                    /*
                     * If we have precisely two undecided squares
                     * and precisely one line to place between
                     * them, _and_ those squares are adjacent, then
                     * we can mark them as equivalent to one
                     * another.
                     * 
                     * This even applies if meq >= 0: if we have a
                     * 2 clue point and two of its neighbours are
                     * already marked equivalent, we can indeed
                     * mark the other two as equivalent.
                     * 
                     * We don't bother with this on DIFF_EASY,
                     * since we wouldn't have used the results
                     * anyway.
                     */
                    last = -1;
                    for (i = 0; i < nneighbours; i++) {
                        j = neighbours[i].pos;
                        if (soln[j] == 0 && j != mj1 && j != mj2) {
                            if (last < 0)
                                last = i;
                            else if (last == i-1 || (last == 0 && i == 3))
                                break; /* found a pair */
                        }
                    }
                    if (i < nneighbours) {
                        int sv1, sv2;

                        assert(last >= 0);
                        /*
                         * neighbours[last] and neighbours[i] are
                         * the pair. Mark them equivalent.
                         */
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                        if (verbose) {
                            if (meq >= 0)
                                printf("since %d,%d == %d,%d, ",
                                       mj1%w, mj1/w, mj2%w, mj2/w);
                        }
#endif
                        mj1 = neighbours[last].pos;
                        mj2 = neighbours[i].pos;
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                        if (verbose)
                            printf("clue point at %d,%d implies %d,%d == %d,"
                                   "%d\n", x, y, mj1%w, mj1/w, mj2%w, mj2/w);
#endif
                        mj1 = dsf_canonify(sc->equiv, mj1);
                        sv1 = sc->slashval[mj1];
                        mj2 = dsf_canonify(sc->equiv, mj2);
                        sv2 = sc->slashval[mj2];
                        if (sv1 != 0 && sv2 != 0 && sv1 != sv2) {
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                            if (verbose)
                                printf("merged two equivalence classes with"
                                       " different slash values!\n");
#endif
                            return 0;
                        }
                        sv1 = sv1 ? sv1 : sv2;
                        dsf_merge(sc->equiv, mj1, mj2);
                        mj1 = dsf_canonify(sc->equiv, mj1);
                        sc->slashval[mj1] = sv1;
                    }
                }
            }

        if (done_something)
            continue;

        /*
         * Failing that, we now apply the second condition, which
         * is that no square may be filled in such a way as to form
         * a loop. Also in this loop (since it's over squares
         * rather than points), we check slashval to see if we've
         * already filled in another square in the same equivalence
         * class.
         * 
         * The slashval check is disabled on DIFF_EASY, as is dead
         * end avoidance. Only _immediate_ loop avoidance remains.
         */
        for (y = 0; y < h; y++)
            for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
                int fs, bs, v;
                int c1, c2;
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                char *reason = "<internal error>";
#endif

                if (soln[y*w+x])
                    continue;          /* got this one already */

                fs = FALSE;
                bs = FALSE;

                if (difficulty > DIFF_EASY)
                    v = sc->slashval[dsf_canonify(sc->equiv, y*w+x)];
                else
                    v = 0;

                /*
                 * Try to rule out connectivity between (x,y) and
                 * (x+1,y+1); if successful, we will deduce that we
                 * must have a forward slash.
                 */
                c1 = dsf_canonify(sc->connected, y*W+x);
                c2 = dsf_canonify(sc->connected, (y+1)*W+(x+1));
                if (c1 == c2) {
                    fs = TRUE;
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    reason = "simple loop avoidance";
#endif
                }
                if (difficulty > DIFF_EASY &&
                    !sc->border[c1] && !sc->border[c2] &&
                    sc->exits[c1] <= 1 && sc->exits[c2] <= 1) {
                    fs = TRUE;
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    reason = "dead end avoidance";
#endif
                }
                if (v == +1) {
                    fs = TRUE;
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    reason = "equivalence to an already filled square";
#endif
                }

                /*
                 * Now do the same between (x+1,y) and (x,y+1), to
                 * see if we are required to have a backslash.
                 */
                c1 = dsf_canonify(sc->connected, y*W+(x+1));
                c2 = dsf_canonify(sc->connected, (y+1)*W+x);
                if (c1 == c2) {
                    bs = TRUE;
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    reason = "simple loop avoidance";
#endif
                }
                if (difficulty > DIFF_EASY &&
                    !sc->border[c1] && !sc->border[c2] &&
                    sc->exits[c1] <= 1 && sc->exits[c2] <= 1) {
                    bs = TRUE;
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    reason = "dead end avoidance";
#endif
                }
                if (v == -1) {
                    bs = TRUE;
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    reason = "equivalence to an already filled square";
#endif
                }

                if (fs && bs) {
                    /*
                     * No consistent value for this at all!
                     */
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    if (verbose)
                        printf("%d,%d has no consistent slash!\n", x, y);
#endif
                    return 0;          /* impossible */
                }

                if (fs) {
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    if (verbose)
                        printf("employing %s\n", reason);
#endif
                    fill_square(w, h, x, y, +1, soln, sc->connected, sc);
                    done_something = TRUE;
                } else if (bs) {
#ifdef SOLVER_DIAGNOSTICS
                    if (verbose)
                        printf("employing %s\n", reason);
#endif
                    fill_square(w, h, x, y, -1, soln, sc->connected, sc);
                    done_something = TRUE;
                }
            }

    } while (done_something);

    /*
     * Solver can make no more progress. See if the grid is full.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < w*h; i++)
        if (!soln[i])
            return 2;                  /* failed to converge */
    return 1;                          /* success */
}

/*
 * Filled-grid generator.
 */
static void slant_generate(int w, int h, signed char *soln, random_state *rs)
{
    int W = w+1, H = h+1;
    int x, y, i;
    int *connected, *indices;

    /*
     * Clear the output.
     */
    memset(soln, 0, w*h);

    /*
     * Establish a disjoint set forest for tracking connectedness
     * between grid points.
     */
    connected = snewn(W*H, int);
    for (i = 0; i < W*H; i++)
        connected[i] = i;                      /* initially all distinct */

    /*
     * Prepare a list of the squares in the grid, and fill them in
     * in a random order.
     */
    indices = snewn(w*h, int);
    for (i = 0; i < w*h; i++)
        indices[i] = i;
    shuffle(indices, w*h, sizeof(*indices), rs);

    /*
     * Fill in each one in turn.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < w*h; i++) {
        int fs, bs, v;

        y = indices[i] / w;
        x = indices[i] % w;

        fs = (dsf_canonify(connected, y*W+x) ==
              dsf_canonify(connected, (y+1)*W+(x+1)));
        bs = (dsf_canonify(connected, (y+1)*W+x) ==
              dsf_canonify(connected, y*W+(x+1)));

        /*
         * It isn't possible to get into a situation where we
         * aren't allowed to place _either_ type of slash in a
         * square. Thus, filled-grid generation never has to
         * backtrack.
         * 
         * Proof (thanks to Gareth Taylor):
         * 
         * If it were possible, it would have to be because there
         * was an existing path (not using this square) between the
         * top-left and bottom-right corners of this square, and
         * another between the other two. These two paths would
         * have to cross at some point.
         * 
         * Obviously they can't cross in the middle of a square, so
         * they must cross by sharing a point in common. But this
         * isn't possible either: if you chessboard-colour all the
         * points on the grid, you find that any continuous
         * diagonal path is entirely composed of points of the same
         * colour. And one of our two hypothetical paths is between
         * two black points, and the other is between two white
         * points - therefore they can have no point in common. []
         */
        assert(!(fs && bs));

        v = fs ? +1 : bs ? -1 : 2 * random_upto(rs, 2) - 1;
        fill_square(w, h, x, y, v, soln, connected, NULL);
    }

    sfree(indices);
    sfree(connected);
}

static char *new_game_desc(game_params *params, random_state *rs,
                           char **aux, int interactive)
{
    int w = params->w, h = params->h, W = w+1, H = h+1;
    signed char *soln, *tmpsoln, *clues;
    int *clueindices;
    struct solver_scratch *sc;
    int x, y, v, i, j;
    char *desc;

    soln = snewn(w*h, signed char);
    tmpsoln = snewn(w*h, signed char);
    clues = snewn(W*H, signed char);
    clueindices = snewn(W*H, int);
    sc = new_scratch(w, h);

    do {
        /*
         * Create the filled grid.
         */
        slant_generate(w, h, soln, rs);

        /*
         * Fill in the complete set of clues.
         */
        for (y = 0; y < H; y++)
            for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
                v = 0;

                if (x > 0 && y > 0 && soln[(y-1)*w+(x-1)] == -1) v++;
                if (x > 0 && y < h && soln[y*w+(x-1)] == +1) v++;
                if (x < w && y > 0 && soln[(y-1)*w+x] == +1) v++;
                if (x < w && y < h && soln[y*w+x] == -1) v++;

                clues[y*W+x] = v;
            }

        /*
         * With all clue points filled in, all puzzles are easy: we can
         * simply process the clue points in lexicographic order, and
         * at each clue point we will always have at most one square
         * undecided, which we can then fill in uniquely.
         */
        assert(slant_solve(w, h, clues, tmpsoln, sc, DIFF_EASY) == 1);

        /*
         * Remove as many clues as possible while retaining solubility.
         *
         * In DIFF_HARD mode, we prioritise the removal of obvious
         * starting points (4s, 0s, border 2s and corner 1s), on
         * the grounds that having as few of these as possible
         * seems like a good thing. In particular, we can often get
         * away without _any_ completely obvious starting points,
         * which is even better.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < W*H; i++)
            clueindices[i] = i;
        shuffle(clueindices, W*H, sizeof(*clueindices), rs);
        for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
            for (i = 0; i < W*H; i++) {
                int pass, yb, xb;

                y = clueindices[i] / W;
                x = clueindices[i] % W;
                v = clues[y*W+x];

                /*
                 * Identify which pass we should process this point
                 * in. If it's an obvious start point, _or_ we're
                 * in DIFF_EASY, then it goes in pass 0; otherwise
                 * pass 1.
                 */
                xb = (x == 0 || x == W-1);
                yb = (y == 0 || y == H-1);
                if (params->diff == DIFF_EASY || v == 4 || v == 0 ||
                    (v == 2 && (xb||yb)) || (v == 1 && xb && yb))
                    pass = 0;
                else
                    pass = 1;

                if (pass == j) {
                    clues[y*W+x] = -1;
                    if (slant_solve(w, h, clues, tmpsoln, sc,
                                    params->diff) != 1)
                        clues[y*W+x] = v;              /* put it back */
                }
            }
        }

        /*
         * And finally, verify that the grid is of _at least_ the
         * requested difficulty, by running the solver one level
         * down and verifying that it can't manage it.
         */
    } while (params->diff > 0 &&
             slant_solve(w, h, clues, tmpsoln, sc, params->diff - 1) <= 1);

    /*
     * Now we have the clue set as it will be presented to the
     * user. Encode it in a game desc.
     */
    {
        char *p;
        int run, i;

        desc = snewn(W*H+1, char);
        p = desc;
        run = 0;
        for (i = 0; i <= W*H; i++) {
            int n = (i < W*H ? clues[i] : -2);

            if (n == -1)
                run++;
            else {
                if (run) {
                    while (run > 0) {
                        int c = 'a' - 1 + run;
                        if (run > 26)
                            c = 'z';
                        *p++ = c;
                        run -= c - ('a' - 1);
                    }
                }
                if (n >= 0)
                    *p++ = '0' + n;
                run = 0;
            }
        }
        assert(p - desc <= W*H);
        *p++ = '\0';
        desc = sresize(desc, p - desc, char);
    }

    /*
     * Encode the solution as an aux_info.
     */
    {
        char *auxbuf;
        *aux = auxbuf = snewn(w*h+1, char);
        for (i = 0; i < w*h; i++)
            auxbuf[i] = soln[i] < 0 ? '\\' : '/';
        auxbuf[w*h] = '\0';
    }

    free_scratch(sc);
    sfree(clueindices);
    sfree(clues);
    sfree(tmpsoln);
    sfree(soln);

    return desc;
}

static char *validate_desc(game_params *params, char *desc)
{
    int w = params->w, h = params->h, W = w+1, H = h+1;
    int area = W*H;
    int squares = 0;

    while (*desc) {
        int n = *desc++;
        if (n >= 'a' && n <= 'z') {
            squares += n - 'a' + 1;
        } else if (n >= '0' && n <= '4') {
            squares++;
        } else
            return "Invalid character in game description";
    }

    if (squares < area)
        return "Not enough data to fill grid";

    if (squares > area)
        return "Too much data to fit in grid";

    return NULL;
}

static game_state *new_game(midend_data *me, game_params *params, char *desc)
{
    int w = params->w, h = params->h, W = w+1, H = h+1;
    game_state *state = snew(game_state);
    int area = W*H;
    int squares = 0;

    state->p = *params;
    state->soln = snewn(w*h, signed char);
    memset(state->soln, 0, w*h);
    state->completed = state->used_solve = FALSE;

    state->clues = snew(game_clues);
    state->clues->w = w;
    state->clues->h = h;
    state->clues->clues = snewn(W*H, signed char);
    state->clues->refcount = 1;
    state->clues->dsf = snewn(W*H, int);
    memset(state->clues->clues, -1, W*H);
    while (*desc) {
        int n = *desc++;
        if (n >= 'a' && n <= 'z') {
            squares += n - 'a' + 1;
        } else if (n >= '0' && n <= '4') {
            state->clues->clues[squares++] = n - '0';
        } else
            assert(!"can't get here");
    }
    assert(squares == area);

    return state;
}

static game_state *dup_game(game_state *state)
{
    int w = state->p.w, h = state->p.h;
    game_state *ret = snew(game_state);

    ret->p = state->p;
    ret->clues = state->clues;
    ret->clues->refcount++;
    ret->completed = state->completed;
    ret->used_solve = state->used_solve;

    ret->soln = snewn(w*h, signed char);
    memcpy(ret->soln, state->soln, w*h);

    return ret;
}

static void free_game(game_state *state)
{
    sfree(state->soln);
    assert(state->clues);
    if (--state->clues->refcount <= 0) {
        sfree(state->clues->clues);
        sfree(state->clues->dsf);
        sfree(state->clues);
    }
    sfree(state);
}

static int check_completion(game_state *state)
{
    int w = state->p.w, h = state->p.h, W = w+1, H = h+1;
    int i, x, y;

    /*
     * Establish a disjoint set forest for tracking connectedness
     * between grid points. Use the dsf scratch space in the shared
     * clues structure, to avoid mallocing too often.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < W*H; i++)
        state->clues->dsf[i] = i;      /* initially all distinct */

    /*
     * Now go through the grid checking connectedness. While we're
     * here, also check that everything is filled in.
     */
    for (y = 0; y < h; y++)
        for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
            int i1, i2;

            if (state->soln[y*w+x] == 0)
                return FALSE;
            if (state->soln[y*w+x] < 0) {
                i1 = y*W+x;
                i2 = (y+1)*W+(x+1);
            } else {
                i1 = (y+1)*W+x;
                i2 = y*W+(x+1);
            }

            /*
             * Our edge connects i1 with i2. If they're already
             * connected, return failure. Otherwise, link them.
             */
            if (dsf_canonify(state->clues->dsf, i1) ==
                dsf_canonify(state->clues->dsf, i2))
                return FALSE;
            else
                dsf_merge(state->clues->dsf, i1, i2);
        }

    /*
     * The grid is _a_ valid grid; let's see if it matches the
     * clues.
     */
    for (y = 0; y < H; y++)
        for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
            int v, c;

            if ((c = state->clues->clues[y*W+x]) < 0)
                continue;

            v = 0;

            if (x > 0 && y > 0 && state->soln[(y-1)*w+(x-1)] == -1) v++;
            if (x > 0 && y < h && state->soln[y*w+(x-1)] == +1) v++;
            if (x < w && y > 0 && state->soln[(y-1)*w+x] == +1) v++;
            if (x < w && y < h && state->soln[y*w+x] == -1) v++;

            if (c != v)
                return FALSE;
        }

    return TRUE;
}

static char *solve_game(game_state *state, game_state *currstate,
                        char *aux, char **error)
{
    int w = state->p.w, h = state->p.h;
    signed char *soln;
    int bs, ret;
    int free_soln = FALSE;
    char *move, buf[80];
    int movelen, movesize;
    int x, y;

    if (aux) {
        /*
         * If we already have the solution, save ourselves some
         * time.
         */
        soln = (signed char *)aux;
        bs = (signed char)'\\';
        free_soln = FALSE;
    } else {
        struct solver_scratch *sc = new_scratch(w, h);
        soln = snewn(w*h, signed char);
        bs = -1;
        ret = slant_solve(w, h, state->clues->clues, soln, sc, DIFF_HARD);
        free_scratch(sc);
        if (ret != 1) {
            sfree(soln);
            if (ret == 0)
                *error = "This puzzle is not self-consistent";
            else
                *error = "Unable to find a unique solution for this puzzle";
            return NULL;
        }
        free_soln = TRUE;
    }

    /*
     * Construct a move string which turns the current state into
     * the solved state.
     */
    movesize = 256;
    move = snewn(movesize, char);
    movelen = 0;
    move[movelen++] = 'S';
    move[movelen] = '\0';
    for (y = 0; y < h; y++)
        for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
            int v = (soln[y*w+x] == bs ? -1 : +1);
            if (state->soln[y*w+x] != v) {
                int len = sprintf(buf, ";%c%d,%d", (int)(v < 0 ? '\\' : '/'), x, y);
                if (movelen + len >= movesize) {
                    movesize = movelen + len + 256;
                    move = sresize(move, movesize, char);
                }
                strcpy(move + movelen, buf);
                movelen += len;
            }
        }

    if (free_soln)
        sfree(soln);

    return move;
}

static char *game_text_format(game_state *state)
{
    int w = state->p.w, h = state->p.h, W = w+1, H = h+1;
    int x, y, len;
    char *ret, *p;

    /*
     * There are h+H rows of w+W columns.
     */
    len = (h+H) * (w+W+1) + 1;
    ret = snewn(len, char);
    p = ret;

    for (y = 0; y < H; y++) {
        for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
            if (state->clues->clues[y*W+x] >= 0)
                *p++ = state->clues->clues[y*W+x] + '0';
            else
                *p++ = '+';
            if (x < w)
                *p++ = '-';
        }
        *p++ = '\n';
        if (y < h) {
            for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
                *p++ = '|';
                if (x < w) {
                    if (state->soln[y*w+x] != 0)
                        *p++ = (state->soln[y*w+x] < 0 ? '\\' : '/');
                    else
                        *p++ = ' ';
                }
            }
            *p++ = '\n';
        }
    }
    *p++ = '\0';

    assert(p - ret == len);
    return ret;
}

static game_ui *new_ui(game_state *state)
{
    return NULL;
}

static void free_ui(game_ui *ui)
{
}

static char *encode_ui(game_ui *ui)
{
    return NULL;
}

static void decode_ui(game_ui *ui, char *encoding)
{
}

static void game_changed_state(game_ui *ui, game_state *oldstate,
                               game_state *newstate)
{
}

#define PREFERRED_TILESIZE 32
#define TILESIZE (ds->tilesize)
#define BORDER TILESIZE
#define CLUE_RADIUS (TILESIZE / 3)
#define CLUE_TEXTSIZE (TILESIZE / 2)
#define COORD(x)  ( (x) * TILESIZE + BORDER )
#define FROMCOORD(x)  ( ((x) - BORDER + TILESIZE) / TILESIZE - 1 )

#define FLASH_TIME 0.30F

/*
 * Bit fields in the `grid' and `todraw' elements of the drawstate.
 */
#define BACKSLASH 0x0001
#define FORWSLASH 0x0002
#define L_T       0x0004
#define L_B       0x0008
#define T_L       0x0010
#define T_R       0x0020
#define R_T       0x0040
#define R_B       0x0080
#define B_L       0x0100
#define B_R       0x0200
#define C_TL      0x0400
#define C_TR      0x0800
#define C_BL      0x1000
#define C_BR      0x2000
#define FLASH     0x4000

struct game_drawstate {
    int tilesize;
    int started;
    int *grid;
    int *todraw;
};

static char *interpret_move(game_state *state, game_ui *ui, game_drawstate *ds,
                            int x, int y, int button)
{
    int w = state->p.w, h = state->p.h;

    if (button == LEFT_BUTTON || button == RIGHT_BUTTON) {
        int v;
        char buf[80];

        x = FROMCOORD(x);
        y = FROMCOORD(y);
        if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= w || y >= h)
            return NULL;

        if (button == LEFT_BUTTON) {
            /*
             * Left-clicking cycles blank -> \ -> / -> blank.
             */
            v = state->soln[y*w+x] - 1;
            if (v == -2)
                v = +1;
        } else {
            /*
             * Right-clicking cycles blank -> / -> \ -> blank.
             */
            v = state->soln[y*w+x] + 1;
            if (v == +2)
                v = -1;
        }

        sprintf(buf, "%c%d,%d", (int)(v==-1 ? '\\' : v==+1 ? '/' : 'C'), x, y);
        return dupstr(buf);
    }

    return NULL;
}

static game_state *execute_move(game_state *state, char *move)
{
    int w = state->p.w, h = state->p.h;
    char c;
    int x, y, n;
    game_state *ret = dup_game(state);

    while (*move) {
        c = *move;
        if (c == 'S') {
            ret->used_solve = TRUE;
            move++;
        } else if (c == '\\' || c == '/' || c == 'C') {
            move++;
            if (sscanf(move, "%d,%d%n", &x, &y, &n) != 2 ||
                x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= w || y >= h) {
                free_game(ret);
                return NULL;
            }
            ret->soln[y*w+x] = (c == '\\' ? -1 : c == '/' ? +1 : 0);
            move += n;
        } else {
            free_game(ret);
            return NULL;
        }
        if (*move == ';')
            move++;
        else if (*move) {
            free_game(ret);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    if (!ret->completed)
        ret->completed = check_completion(ret);

    return ret;
}

/* ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Drawing routines.
 */

static void game_compute_size(game_params *params, int tilesize,
                              int *x, int *y)
{
    /* fool the macros */
    struct dummy { int tilesize; } dummy = { tilesize }, *ds = &dummy;

    *x = 2 * BORDER + params->w * TILESIZE + 1;
    *y = 2 * BORDER + params->h * TILESIZE + 1;
}

static void game_set_size(game_drawstate *ds, game_params *params,
                          int tilesize)
{
    ds->tilesize = tilesize;
}

static float *game_colours(frontend *fe, game_state *state, int *ncolours)
{
    float *ret = snewn(3 * NCOLOURS, float);

    frontend_default_colour(fe, &ret[COL_BACKGROUND * 3]);

    ret[COL_GRID * 3 + 0] = ret[COL_BACKGROUND * 3 + 0] * 0.7F;
    ret[COL_GRID * 3 + 1] = ret[COL_BACKGROUND * 3 + 1] * 0.7F;
    ret[COL_GRID * 3 + 2] = ret[COL_BACKGROUND * 3 + 2] * 0.7F;

    ret[COL_INK * 3 + 0] = 0.0F;
    ret[COL_INK * 3 + 1] = 0.0F;
    ret[COL_INK * 3 + 2] = 0.0F;

    ret[COL_SLANT1 * 3 + 0] = 0.0F;
    ret[COL_SLANT1 * 3 + 1] = 0.0F;
    ret[COL_SLANT1 * 3 + 2] = 0.0F;

    ret[COL_SLANT2 * 3 + 0] = 0.0F;
    ret[COL_SLANT2 * 3 + 1] = 0.0F;
    ret[COL_SLANT2 * 3 + 2] = 0.0F;

    *ncolours = NCOLOURS;
    return ret;
}

static game_drawstate *game_new_drawstate(game_state *state)
{
    int w = state->p.w, h = state->p.h;
    int i;
    struct game_drawstate *ds = snew(struct game_drawstate);

    ds->tilesize = 0;
    ds->started = FALSE;
    ds->grid = snewn(w*h, int);
    ds->todraw = snewn(w*h, int);
    for (i = 0; i < w*h; i++)
        ds->grid[i] = ds->todraw[i] = -1;

    return ds;
}

static void game_free_drawstate(game_drawstate *ds)
{
    sfree(ds->todraw);
    sfree(ds->grid);
    sfree(ds);
}

static void draw_clue(frontend *fe, game_drawstate *ds,
                      int x, int y, int v)
{
    char p[2];
    int col = ((x ^ y) & 1) ? COL_SLANT1 : COL_SLANT2;

    if (v < 0)
        return;

    p[0] = v + '0';
    p[1] = '\0';
    draw_circle(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), CLUE_RADIUS, COL_BACKGROUND, col);
    draw_text(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), FONT_VARIABLE,
              CLUE_TEXTSIZE, ALIGN_VCENTRE|ALIGN_HCENTRE,
              COL_INK, p);
}

static void draw_tile(frontend *fe, game_drawstate *ds, game_clues *clues,
                      int x, int y, int v)
{
    int w = clues->w /*, h = clues->h*/, W = w+1 /*, H = h+1 */;
    int xx, yy;
    int chesscolour = (x ^ y) & 1;
    int fscol = chesscolour ? COL_SLANT2 : COL_SLANT1;
    int bscol = chesscolour ? COL_SLANT1 : COL_SLANT2;

    clip(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), TILESIZE+1, TILESIZE+1);

    draw_rect(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), TILESIZE, TILESIZE,
              (v & FLASH) ? COL_GRID : COL_BACKGROUND);

    /*
     * Draw the grid lines.
     */
    draw_line(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), COORD(x+1), COORD(y), COL_GRID);
    draw_line(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y+1), COORD(x+1), COORD(y+1), COL_GRID);
    draw_line(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), COORD(x), COORD(y+1), COL_GRID);
    draw_line(fe, COORD(x+1), COORD(y), COORD(x+1), COORD(y+1), COL_GRID);

    /*
     * Draw the slash.
     */
    if (v & BACKSLASH) {
        draw_line(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), COORD(x+1), COORD(y+1), bscol);
        draw_line(fe, COORD(x)+1, COORD(y), COORD(x+1), COORD(y+1)-1,
                  bscol);
        draw_line(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y)+1, COORD(x+1)-1, COORD(y+1),
                  bscol);
    } else if (v & FORWSLASH) {
        draw_line(fe, COORD(x+1), COORD(y), COORD(x), COORD(y+1), fscol);
        draw_line(fe, COORD(x+1)-1, COORD(y), COORD(x), COORD(y+1)-1,
                  fscol);
        draw_line(fe, COORD(x+1), COORD(y)+1, COORD(x)+1, COORD(y+1),
                  fscol);
    }

    /*
     * Draw dots on the grid corners that appear if a slash is in a
     * neighbouring cell.
     */
    if (v & L_T)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y)+1, 1, 1, bscol);
    if (v & L_B)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y+1)-1, 1, 1, fscol);
    if (v & R_T)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x+1), COORD(y)+1, 1, 1, fscol);
    if (v & R_B)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x+1), COORD(y+1)-1, 1, 1, bscol);
    if (v & T_L)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x)+1, COORD(y), 1, 1, bscol);
    if (v & T_R)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x+1)-1, COORD(y), 1, 1, fscol);
    if (v & B_L)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x)+1, COORD(y+1), 1, 1, fscol);
    if (v & B_R)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x+1)-1, COORD(y+1), 1, 1, bscol);
    if (v & C_TL)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), 1, 1, bscol);
    if (v & C_TR)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x+1), COORD(y), 1, 1, fscol);
    if (v & C_BL)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y+1), 1, 1, fscol);
    if (v & C_BR)
        draw_rect(fe, COORD(x+1), COORD(y+1), 1, 1, bscol);

    /*
     * And finally the clues at the corners.
     */
    for (xx = x; xx <= x+1; xx++)
        for (yy = y; yy <= y+1; yy++)
            draw_clue(fe, ds, xx, yy, clues->clues[yy*W+xx]);

    unclip(fe);
    draw_update(fe, COORD(x), COORD(y), TILESIZE+1, TILESIZE+1);
}

static void game_redraw(frontend *fe, game_drawstate *ds, game_state *oldstate,
                        game_state *state, int dir, game_ui *ui,
                        float animtime, float flashtime)
{
    int w = state->p.w, h = state->p.h, W = w+1, H = h+1;
    int x, y;
    int flashing;

    if (flashtime > 0)
        flashing = (int)(flashtime * 3 / FLASH_TIME) != 1;
    else
        flashing = FALSE;

    if (!ds->started) {
        int ww, wh;
        game_compute_size(&state->p, TILESIZE, &ww, &wh);
        draw_rect(fe, 0, 0, ww, wh, COL_BACKGROUND);
        draw_update(fe, 0, 0, ww, wh);

        /*
         * Draw any clues on the very edges (since normal tile
         * redraw won't draw the bits outside the grid boundary).
         */
        for (y = 0; y < H; y++) {
            draw_clue(fe, ds, 0, y, state->clues->clues[y*W+0]);
            draw_clue(fe, ds, w, y, state->clues->clues[y*W+w]);
        }
        for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
            draw_clue(fe, ds, x, 0, state->clues->clues[0*W+x]);
            draw_clue(fe, ds, x, h, state->clues->clues[h*W+x]);
        }

        ds->started = TRUE;
    }

    /*
     * Loop over the grid and work out where all the slashes are.
     * We need to do this because a slash in one square affects the
     * drawing of the next one along.
     */
    for (y = 0; y < h; y++)
        for (x = 0; x < w; x++)
            ds->todraw[y*w+x] = flashing ? FLASH : 0;

    for (y = 0; y < h; y++) {
        for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
            if (state->soln[y*w+x] < 0) {
                ds->todraw[y*w+x] |= BACKSLASH;
                if (x > 0)
                    ds->todraw[y*w+(x-1)] |= R_T | C_TR;
                if (x+1 < w)
                    ds->todraw[y*w+(x+1)] |= L_B | C_BL;
                if (y > 0)
                    ds->todraw[(y-1)*w+x] |= B_L | C_BL;
                if (y+1 < h)
                    ds->todraw[(y+1)*w+x] |= T_R | C_TR;
                if (x > 0 && y > 0)
                    ds->todraw[(y-1)*w+(x-1)] |= C_BR;
                if (x+1 < w && y+1 < h)
                    ds->todraw[(y+1)*w+(x+1)] |= C_TL;
            } else if (state->soln[y*w+x] > 0) {
                ds->todraw[y*w+x] |= FORWSLASH;
                if (x > 0)
                    ds->todraw[y*w+(x-1)] |= R_B | C_BR;
                if (x+1 < w)
                    ds->todraw[y*w+(x+1)] |= L_T | C_TL;
                if (y > 0)
                    ds->todraw[(y-1)*w+x] |= B_R | C_BR;
                if (y+1 < h)
                    ds->todraw[(y+1)*w+x] |= T_L | C_TL;
                if (x > 0 && y+1 < h)
                    ds->todraw[(y+1)*w+(x-1)] |= C_TR;
                if (x+1 < w && y > 0)
                    ds->todraw[(y-1)*w+(x+1)] |= C_BL;
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Now go through and draw the grid squares.
     */
    for (y = 0; y < h; y++) {
        for (x = 0; x < w; x++) {
            if (ds->todraw[y*w+x] != ds->grid[y*w+x]) {
                draw_tile(fe, ds, state->clues, x, y, ds->todraw[y*w+x]);
                ds->grid[y*w+x] = ds->todraw[y*w+x];
            }
        }
    }
}

static float game_anim_length(game_state *oldstate, game_state *newstate,
                              int dir, game_ui *ui)
{
    return 0.0F;
}

static float game_flash_length(game_state *oldstate, game_state *newstate,
                               int dir, game_ui *ui)
{
    if (!oldstate->completed && newstate->completed &&
        !oldstate->used_solve && !newstate->used_solve)
        return FLASH_TIME;

    return 0.0F;
}

static int game_wants_statusbar(void)
{
    return FALSE;
}

static int game_timing_state(game_state *state, game_ui *ui)
{
    return TRUE;
}

#ifdef COMBINED
#define thegame slant
#endif

const struct game thegame = {
    "Slant", "games.slant",
    default_params,
    game_fetch_preset,
    decode_params,
    encode_params,
    free_params,
    dup_params,
    TRUE, game_configure, custom_params,
    validate_params,
    new_game_desc,
    validate_desc,
    new_game,
    dup_game,
    free_game,
    TRUE, solve_game,
    TRUE, game_text_format,
    new_ui,
    free_ui,
    encode_ui,
    decode_ui,
    game_changed_state,
    interpret_move,
    execute_move,
    PREFERRED_TILESIZE, game_compute_size, game_set_size,
    game_colours,
    game_new_drawstate,
    game_free_drawstate,
    game_redraw,
    game_anim_length,
    game_flash_length,
    game_wants_statusbar,
    FALSE, game_timing_state,
    0,                                 /* mouse_priorities */
};

#ifdef STANDALONE_SOLVER

#include <stdarg.h>

/*
 * gcc -DSTANDALONE_SOLVER -o slantsolver slant.c malloc.c
 */

void frontend_default_colour(frontend *fe, float *output) {}
void draw_text(frontend *fe, int x, int y, int fonttype, int fontsize,
               int align, int colour, char *text) {}
void draw_rect(frontend *fe, int x, int y, int w, int h, int colour) {}
void draw_line(frontend *fe, int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int colour) {}
void draw_polygon(frontend *fe, int *coords, int npoints,
                  int fillcolour, int outlinecolour) {}
void draw_circle(frontend *fe, int cx, int cy, int radius,
                 int fillcolour, int outlinecolour) {}
void clip(frontend *fe, int x, int y, int w, int h) {}
void unclip(frontend *fe) {}
void start_draw(frontend *fe) {}
void draw_update(frontend *fe, int x, int y, int w, int h) {}
void end_draw(frontend *fe) {}
unsigned long random_bits(random_state *state, int bits)
{ assert(!"Shouldn't get randomness"); return 0; }
unsigned long random_upto(random_state *state, unsigned long limit)
{ assert(!"Shouldn't get randomness"); return 0; }
void shuffle(void *array, int nelts, int eltsize, random_state *rs)
{ assert(!"Shouldn't get randomness"); }

void fatal(char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;

    fprintf(stderr, "fatal error: ");

    va_start(ap, fmt);
    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);

    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    exit(1);
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    game_params *p;
    game_state *s;
    char *id = NULL, *desc, *err;
    int grade = FALSE;
    int ret;
    struct solver_scratch *sc;

    while (--argc > 0) {
        char *p = *++argv;
        if (!strcmp(p, "-v")) {
            verbose = TRUE;
        } else if (!strcmp(p, "-g")) {
            grade = TRUE;
        } else if (*p == '-') {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: unrecognised option `%s'\n", argv[0], p);
            return 1;
        } else {
            id = p;
        }
    }

    if (!id) {
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s [-g | -v] <game_id>\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }

    desc = strchr(id, ':');
    if (!desc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: game id expects a colon in it\n", argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    *desc++ = '\0';

    p = default_params();
    decode_params(p, id);
    err = validate_desc(p, desc);
    if (err) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", argv[0], err);
        return 1;
    }
    s = new_game(NULL, p, desc);

    sc = new_scratch(p->w, p->h);

    if (grade) {
        ret = slant_solve(p->w, p->h, s->clues->clues,
                          s->soln, sc, DIFF_EASY);
        if (ret == 0)
            printf("Difficulty rating: impossible (no solution exists)\n");
        else if (ret == 1)
            printf("Difficulty rating: Easy\n");
        else {
            ret = slant_solve(p->w, p->h, s->clues->clues,
                              s->soln, sc, DIFF_HARD);
            if (ret == 0)
                printf("Difficulty rating: impossible (no solution exists)\n");
            else if (ret == 1)
                printf("Difficulty rating: Hard\n");
            else
                printf("Difficulty rating: harder than Hard, or ambiguous\n");
        }
    } else {
        ret = slant_solve(p->w, p->h, s->clues->clues,
                          s->soln, sc, DIFF_HARD);
        if (ret == 0)
            printf("Puzzle is inconsistent\n");
        else if (ret > 1)
            printf("Unable to find a unique solution\n");
        else
            printf("%s\n", game_text_format(s));
    }

    return 0;
}

#endif