INADDR_NONE is nonstandard. Use (in_addr_t)(-1) instead.

[sgt/putty] / ssh.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <assert.h>

#include "putty.h"
#include "tree234.h"
#include "ssh.h"

#ifndef FALSE
#define FALSE 0
#endif
#ifndef TRUE
#define TRUE 1
#endif

#define SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT                       1     /* 0x1 */
#define SSH1_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY                      2     /* 0x2 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_SESSION_KEY                     3     /* 0x3 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_USER                            4     /* 0x4 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA                        6     /* 0x6 */
#define SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_RSA_CHALLENGE              7     /* 0x7 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA_RESPONSE               8     /* 0x8 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD                   9     /* 0x9 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY                     10    /* 0xa */
#define SSH1_CMSG_WINDOW_SIZE                     11    /* 0xb */
#define SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL                      12    /* 0xc */
#define SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_CMD                        13    /* 0xd */
#define SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS                         14    /* 0xe */
#define SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE                         15    /* 0xf */
#define SSH1_CMSG_STDIN_DATA                      16    /* 0x10 */
#define SSH1_SMSG_STDOUT_DATA                     17    /* 0x11 */
#define SSH1_SMSG_STDERR_DATA                     18    /* 0x12 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_EOF                             19    /* 0x13 */
#define SSH1_SMSG_EXIT_STATUS                     20    /* 0x14 */
#define SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION        21    /* 0x15 */
#define SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE             22    /* 0x16 */
#define SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA                     23    /* 0x17 */
#define SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE                    24    /* 0x18 */
#define SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE_CONFIRMATION       25    /* 0x19 */
#define SSH1_SMSG_X11_OPEN                        27    /* 0x1b */
#define SSH1_CMSG_PORT_FORWARD_REQUEST            28    /* 0x1c */
#define SSH1_MSG_PORT_OPEN                        29    /* 0x1d */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AGENT_REQUEST_FORWARDING        30    /* 0x1e */
#define SSH1_SMSG_AGENT_OPEN                      31    /* 0x1f */
#define SSH1_MSG_IGNORE                           32    /* 0x20 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION               33    /* 0x21 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_X11_REQUEST_FORWARDING          34    /* 0x22 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RHOSTS_RSA                 35    /* 0x23 */
#define SSH1_MSG_DEBUG                            36    /* 0x24 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_COMPRESSION             37    /* 0x25 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_TIS                        39    /* 0x27 */
#define SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_TIS_CHALLENGE              40    /* 0x28 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_TIS_RESPONSE               41    /* 0x29 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_CCARD                      70    /* 0x46 */
#define SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_CCARD_CHALLENGE            71    /* 0x47 */
#define SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_CCARD_RESPONSE             72    /* 0x48 */

#define SSH1_AUTH_TIS                             5     /* 0x5 */
#define SSH1_AUTH_CCARD                           16    /* 0x10 */

#define SSH1_PROTOFLAG_SCREEN_NUMBER              1     /* 0x1 */
/* Mask for protoflags we will echo back to server if seen */
#define SSH1_PROTOFLAGS_SUPPORTED                 0     /* 0x1 */

#define SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT                       1     /* 0x1 */
#define SSH2_MSG_IGNORE                           2     /* 0x2 */
#define SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED                    3     /* 0x3 */
#define SSH2_MSG_DEBUG                            4     /* 0x4 */
#define SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST                  5     /* 0x5 */
#define SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT                   6     /* 0x6 */
#define SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT                          20    /* 0x14 */
#define SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS                          21    /* 0x15 */
#define SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT                       30    /* 0x1e */
#define SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY                      31    /* 0x1f */
#define SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST               30    /* 0x1e */
#define SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP                 31    /* 0x1f */
#define SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT                  32    /* 0x20 */
#define SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY                 33    /* 0x21 */
#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST                 50    /* 0x32 */
#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE                 51    /* 0x33 */
#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS                 52    /* 0x34 */
#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER                  53    /* 0x35 */
#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK                   60    /* 0x3c */
#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ        60    /* 0x3c */
#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST            60    /* 0x3c */
#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE           61    /* 0x3d */
#define SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST                   80    /* 0x50 */
#define SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS                  81    /* 0x51 */
#define SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE                  82    /* 0x52 */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN                     90    /* 0x5a */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION        91    /* 0x5b */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE             92    /* 0x5c */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST            93    /* 0x5d */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA                     94    /* 0x5e */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA            95    /* 0x5f */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF                      96    /* 0x60 */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE                    97    /* 0x61 */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST                  98    /* 0x62 */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS                  99    /* 0x63 */
#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE                  100   /* 0x64 */

/*
 * Packet type contexts, so that ssh2_pkt_type can correctly decode
 * the ambiguous type numbers back into the correct type strings.
 */
#define SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGROUP          0x0001
#define SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGEX            0x0002
#define SSH2_PKTCTX_KEX_MASK         0x000F
#define SSH2_PKTCTX_PUBLICKEY        0x0010
#define SSH2_PKTCTX_PASSWORD         0x0020
#define SSH2_PKTCTX_KBDINTER         0x0040
#define SSH2_PKTCTX_AUTH_MASK        0x00F0

#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_NOT_ALLOWED_TO_CONNECT 1   /* 0x1 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_ERROR            2     /* 0x2 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED       3     /* 0x3 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED 4    /* 0x4 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_MAC_ERROR                 5     /* 0x5 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_COMPRESSION_ERROR         6     /* 0x6 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE     7     /* 0x7 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED 8        /* 0x8 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE   9     /* 0x9 */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_CONNECTION_LOST           10    /* 0xa */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION            11    /* 0xb */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS      12    /* 0xc */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER    13    /* 0xd */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_NO_MORE_AUTH_METHODS_AVAILABLE 14       /* 0xe */
#define SSH2_DISCONNECT_ILLEGAL_USER_NAME         15    /* 0xf */

static const char *const ssh2_disconnect_reasons[] = {
    NULL,
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_HOST_NOT_ALLOWED_TO_CONNECT",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_ERROR",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_HOST_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_MAC_ERROR",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_COMPRESSION_ERROR",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_CONNECTION_LOST",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_NO_MORE_AUTH_METHODS_AVAILABLE",
    "SSH_DISCONNECT_ILLEGAL_USER_NAME",
};

#define SSH2_OPEN_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED     1     /* 0x1 */
#define SSH2_OPEN_CONNECT_FAILED                  2     /* 0x2 */
#define SSH2_OPEN_UNKNOWN_CHANNEL_TYPE            3     /* 0x3 */
#define SSH2_OPEN_RESOURCE_SHORTAGE               4     /* 0x4 */

#define SSH2_EXTENDED_DATA_STDERR                 1     /* 0x1 */

/*
 * Various remote-bug flags.
 */
#define BUG_CHOKES_ON_SSH1_IGNORE                 1
#define BUG_SSH2_HMAC                             2
#define BUG_NEEDS_SSH1_PLAIN_PASSWORD             4
#define BUG_CHOKES_ON_RSA                         8
#define BUG_SSH2_RSA_PADDING                     16
#define BUG_SSH2_DERIVEKEY                       32
#define BUG_SSH2_REKEY                           64
#define BUG_SSH2_PK_SESSIONID                   128

#define translate(x) if (type == x) return #x
#define translatec(x,ctx) if (type == x && (pkt_ctx & ctx)) return #x
static char *ssh1_pkt_type(int type)
{
    translate(SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_SESSION_KEY);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_USER);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_RSA_CHALLENGE);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA_RESPONSE);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_WINDOW_SIZE);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_CMD);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_STDIN_DATA);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_STDOUT_DATA);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_STDERR_DATA);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_EOF);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_EXIT_STATUS);
    translate(SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION);
    translate(SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE);
    translate(SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA);
    translate(SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE);
    translate(SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE_CONFIRMATION);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_X11_OPEN);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_PORT_FORWARD_REQUEST);
    translate(SSH1_MSG_PORT_OPEN);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AGENT_REQUEST_FORWARDING);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_AGENT_OPEN);
    translate(SSH1_MSG_IGNORE);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_X11_REQUEST_FORWARDING);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RHOSTS_RSA);
    translate(SSH1_MSG_DEBUG);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_COMPRESSION);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_TIS);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_TIS_CHALLENGE);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_TIS_RESPONSE);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_CCARD);
    translate(SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_CCARD_CHALLENGE);
    translate(SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_CCARD_RESPONSE);
    return "unknown";
}
static char *ssh2_pkt_type(int pkt_ctx, int type)
{
    translate(SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_IGNORE);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_DEBUG);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT, SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGROUP);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY, SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGROUP);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST, SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGEX);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP, SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGEX);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT, SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGEX);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY, SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGEX);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK, SSH2_PKTCTX_PUBLICKEY);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ, SSH2_PKTCTX_PASSWORD);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST, SSH2_PKTCTX_KBDINTER);
    translatec(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE, SSH2_PKTCTX_KBDINTER);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS);
    translate(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE);
    return "unknown";
}
#undef translate
#undef translatec

#define GET_32BIT(cp) \
    (((unsigned long)(unsigned char)(cp)[0] << 24) | \
    ((unsigned long)(unsigned char)(cp)[1] << 16) | \
    ((unsigned long)(unsigned char)(cp)[2] << 8) | \
    ((unsigned long)(unsigned char)(cp)[3]))

#define PUT_32BIT(cp, value) { \
    (cp)[0] = (unsigned char)((value) >> 24); \
    (cp)[1] = (unsigned char)((value) >> 16); \
    (cp)[2] = (unsigned char)((value) >> 8); \
    (cp)[3] = (unsigned char)(value); }

/* Enumeration values for fields in SSH-1 packets */
enum {
    PKT_END, PKT_INT, PKT_CHAR, PKT_DATA, PKT_STR, PKT_BIGNUM,
    /* These values are for communicating relevant semantics of
     * fields to the packet logging code. */
    PKTT_OTHER, PKTT_PASSWORD, PKTT_DATA
};

/*
 * Coroutine mechanics for the sillier bits of the code. If these
 * macros look impenetrable to you, you might find it helpful to
 * read
 * 
 *   http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/coroutines.html
 * 
 * which explains the theory behind these macros.
 * 
 * In particular, if you are getting `case expression not constant'
 * errors when building with MS Visual Studio, this is because MS's
 * Edit and Continue debugging feature causes their compiler to
 * violate ANSI C. To disable Edit and Continue debugging:
 * 
 *  - right-click ssh.c in the FileView
 *  - click Settings
 *  - select the C/C++ tab and the General category
 *  - under `Debug info:', select anything _other_ than `Program
 *    Database for Edit and Continue'.
 */
#define crBegin(v)      { int *crLine = &v; switch(v) { case 0:;
#define crState(t) \
    struct t *s; \
    if (!ssh->t) ssh->t = snew(struct t); \
    s = ssh->t;
#define crFinish(z)     } *crLine = 0; return (z); }
#define crFinishV       } *crLine = 0; return; }
#define crReturn(z)     \
        do {\
            *crLine =__LINE__; return (z); case __LINE__:;\
        } while (0)
#define crReturnV       \
        do {\
            *crLine=__LINE__; return; case __LINE__:;\
        } while (0)
#define crStop(z)       do{ *crLine = 0; return (z); }while(0)
#define crStopV         do{ *crLine = 0; return; }while(0)
#define crWaitUntil(c)  do { crReturn(0); } while (!(c))
#define crWaitUntilV(c) do { crReturnV; } while (!(c))

typedef struct ssh_tag *Ssh;
struct Packet;

static struct Packet *ssh2_pkt_init(int pkt_type);
static void ssh2_pkt_addbool(struct Packet *, unsigned char value);
static void ssh2_pkt_adduint32(struct Packet *, unsigned long value);
static void ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(struct Packet *);
static void ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(struct Packet *, char *data);
static void ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(struct Packet *, char *data, int len);
static void ssh2_pkt_addstring(struct Packet *, char *data);
static unsigned char *ssh2_mpint_fmt(Bignum b, int *len);
static void ssh2_pkt_addmp(struct Packet *, Bignum b);
static int ssh2_pkt_construct(Ssh, struct Packet *);
static void ssh2_pkt_send(Ssh, struct Packet *);
static void ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(Ssh, struct Packet *);
static int do_ssh1_login(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                         struct Packet *pktin);
static void do_ssh2_authconn(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                             struct Packet *pktin);

/*
 * Buffer management constants. There are several of these for
 * various different purposes:
 * 
 *  - SSH1_BUFFER_LIMIT is the amount of backlog that must build up
 *    on a local data stream before we throttle the whole SSH
 *    connection (in SSH1 only). Throttling the whole connection is
 *    pretty drastic so we set this high in the hope it won't
 *    happen very often.
 * 
 *  - SSH_MAX_BACKLOG is the amount of backlog that must build up
 *    on the SSH connection itself before we defensively throttle
 *    _all_ local data streams. This is pretty drastic too (though
 *    thankfully unlikely in SSH2 since the window mechanism should
 *    ensure that the server never has any need to throttle its end
 *    of the connection), so we set this high as well.
 * 
 *  - OUR_V2_WINSIZE is the maximum window size we present on SSH2
 *    channels.
 */

#define SSH1_BUFFER_LIMIT 32768
#define SSH_MAX_BACKLOG 32768
#define OUR_V2_WINSIZE 16384

const static struct ssh_signkey *hostkey_algs[] = { &ssh_rsa, &ssh_dss };

static void *nullmac_make_context(void)
{
    return NULL;
}
static void nullmac_free_context(void *handle)
{
}
static void nullmac_key(void *handle, unsigned char *key)
{
}
static void nullmac_generate(void *handle, unsigned char *blk, int len,
                             unsigned long seq)
{
}
static int nullmac_verify(void *handle, unsigned char *blk, int len,
                          unsigned long seq)
{
    return 1;
}
const static struct ssh_mac ssh_mac_none = {
    nullmac_make_context, nullmac_free_context, nullmac_key,
    nullmac_generate, nullmac_verify, "none", 0
};
const static struct ssh_mac *macs[] = {
    &ssh_sha1, &ssh_md5, &ssh_mac_none
};
const static struct ssh_mac *buggymacs[] = {
    &ssh_sha1_buggy, &ssh_md5, &ssh_mac_none
};

static void *ssh_comp_none_init(void)
{
    return NULL;
}
static void ssh_comp_none_cleanup(void *handle)
{
}
static int ssh_comp_none_block(void *handle, unsigned char *block, int len,
                               unsigned char **outblock, int *outlen)
{
    return 0;
}
static int ssh_comp_none_disable(void *handle)
{
    return 0;
}
const static struct ssh_compress ssh_comp_none = {
    "none",
    ssh_comp_none_init, ssh_comp_none_cleanup, ssh_comp_none_block,
    ssh_comp_none_init, ssh_comp_none_cleanup, ssh_comp_none_block,
    ssh_comp_none_disable, NULL
};
extern const struct ssh_compress ssh_zlib;
const static struct ssh_compress *compressions[] = {
    &ssh_zlib, &ssh_comp_none
};

enum {                                 /* channel types */
    CHAN_MAINSESSION,
    CHAN_X11,
    CHAN_AGENT,
    CHAN_SOCKDATA,
    CHAN_SOCKDATA_DORMANT              /* one the remote hasn't confirmed */
};

/*
 * 2-3-4 tree storing channels.
 */
struct ssh_channel {
    Ssh ssh;                           /* pointer back to main context */
    unsigned remoteid, localid;
    int type;
    /*
     * In SSH1, this value contains four bits:
     * 
     *   1   We have sent SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE.
     *   2   We have sent SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE_CONFIRMATION.
     *   4   We have received SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE.
     *   8   We have received SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE_CONFIRMATION.
     * 
     * A channel is completely finished with when all four bits are set.
     */
    int closes;
    union {
        struct ssh1_data_channel {
            int throttling;
        } v1;
        struct ssh2_data_channel {
            bufchain outbuffer;
            unsigned remwindow, remmaxpkt;
            unsigned locwindow;
        } v2;
    } v;
    union {
        struct ssh_agent_channel {
            unsigned char *message;
            unsigned char msglen[4];
            unsigned lensofar, totallen;
        } a;
        struct ssh_x11_channel {
            Socket s;
        } x11;
        struct ssh_pfd_channel {
            Socket s;
        } pfd;
    } u;
};

/*
 * 2-3-4 tree storing remote->local port forwardings. SSH 1 and SSH
 * 2 use this structure in different ways, reflecting SSH 2's
 * altogether saner approach to port forwarding.
 * 
 * In SSH 1, you arrange a remote forwarding by sending the server
 * the remote port number, and the local destination host:port.
 * When a connection comes in, the server sends you back that
 * host:port pair, and you connect to it. This is a ready-made
 * security hole if you're not on the ball: a malicious server
 * could send you back _any_ host:port pair, so if you trustingly
 * connect to the address it gives you then you've just opened the
 * entire inside of your corporate network just by connecting
 * through it to a dodgy SSH server. Hence, we must store a list of
 * host:port pairs we _are_ trying to forward to, and reject a
 * connection request from the server if it's not in the list.
 * 
 * In SSH 2, each side of the connection minds its own business and
 * doesn't send unnecessary information to the other. You arrange a
 * remote forwarding by sending the server just the remote port
 * number. When a connection comes in, the server tells you which
 * of its ports was connected to; and _you_ have to remember what
 * local host:port pair went with that port number.
 * 
 * Hence, in SSH 1 this structure is indexed by destination
 * host:port pair, whereas in SSH 2 it is indexed by source port.
 */
struct ssh_portfwd; /* forward declaration */

struct ssh_rportfwd {
    unsigned sport, dport;
    char dhost[256];
    char *sportdesc;
    struct ssh_portfwd *pfrec;
};
#define free_rportfwd(pf) ( \
    ((pf) ? (sfree((pf)->sportdesc)) : (void)0 ), sfree(pf) )

/*
 * Separately to the rportfwd tree (which is for looking up port
 * open requests from the server), a tree of _these_ structures is
 * used to keep track of all the currently open port forwardings,
 * so that we can reconfigure in mid-session if the user requests
 * it.
 */
struct ssh_portfwd {
    enum { DESTROY, KEEP, CREATE } status;
    int type;
    unsigned sport, dport;
    char *saddr, *daddr;
    char *sserv, *dserv;
    struct ssh_rportfwd *remote;
    int addressfamily;
    void *local;
};
#define free_portfwd(pf) ( \
    ((pf) ? (sfree((pf)->saddr), sfree((pf)->daddr), \
             sfree((pf)->sserv), sfree((pf)->dserv)) : (void)0 ), sfree(pf) )

struct Packet {
    long length;
    int type;
    unsigned long sequence;
    unsigned char *data;
    unsigned char *body;
    long savedpos;
    long maxlen;
    long encrypted_len;                /* for SSH2 total-size counting */

    /*
     * State associated with packet logging
     */
    int logmode;
    int nblanks;
    struct logblank_t *blanks;
};

static void ssh1_protocol(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                          struct Packet *pktin);
static void ssh2_protocol(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                          struct Packet *pktin);
static void ssh1_protocol_setup(Ssh ssh);
static void ssh2_protocol_setup(Ssh ssh);
static void ssh_size(void *handle, int width, int height);
static void ssh_special(void *handle, Telnet_Special);
static int ssh2_try_send(struct ssh_channel *c);
static void ssh2_add_channel_data(struct ssh_channel *c, char *buf, int len);
static void ssh_throttle_all(Ssh ssh, int enable, int bufsize);
static void ssh2_set_window(struct ssh_channel *c, unsigned newwin);
static int ssh_sendbuffer(void *handle);
static int ssh_do_close(Ssh ssh, int notify_exit);
static unsigned long ssh_pkt_getuint32(struct Packet *pkt);
static int ssh2_pkt_getbool(struct Packet *pkt);
static void ssh_pkt_getstring(struct Packet *pkt, char **p, int *length);
static void ssh2_timer(void *ctx, long now);
static int do_ssh2_transport(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                             struct Packet *pktin);

struct rdpkt1_state_tag {
    long len, pad, biglen, to_read;
    unsigned long realcrc, gotcrc;
    unsigned char *p;
    int i;
    int chunk;
    struct Packet *pktin;
};

struct rdpkt2_state_tag {
    long len, pad, payload, packetlen, maclen;
    int i;
    int cipherblk;
    unsigned long incoming_sequence;
    struct Packet *pktin;
};

typedef void (*handler_fn_t)(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin);
typedef void (*chandler_fn_t)(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin, void *ctx);

struct queued_handler;
struct queued_handler {
    int msg1, msg2;
    chandler_fn_t handler;
    void *ctx;
    struct queued_handler *next;
};

struct ssh_tag {
    const struct plug_function_table *fn;
    /* the above field _must_ be first in the structure */

    SHA_State exhash, exhashbase;

    Socket s;

    void *ldisc;
    void *logctx;

    unsigned char session_key[32];
    int v1_compressing;
    int v1_remote_protoflags;
    int v1_local_protoflags;
    int agentfwd_enabled;
    int X11_fwd_enabled;
    int remote_bugs;
    const struct ssh_cipher *cipher;
    void *v1_cipher_ctx;
    void *crcda_ctx;
    const struct ssh2_cipher *cscipher, *sccipher;
    void *cs_cipher_ctx, *sc_cipher_ctx;
    const struct ssh_mac *csmac, *scmac;
    void *cs_mac_ctx, *sc_mac_ctx;
    const struct ssh_compress *cscomp, *sccomp;
    void *cs_comp_ctx, *sc_comp_ctx;
    const struct ssh_kex *kex;
    const struct ssh_signkey *hostkey;
    unsigned char v2_session_id[20];
    void *kex_ctx;

    char *savedhost;
    int savedport;
    int send_ok;
    int echoing, editing;

    void *frontend;

    int ospeed, ispeed;                /* temporaries */
    int term_width, term_height;

    tree234 *channels;                 /* indexed by local id */
    struct ssh_channel *mainchan;      /* primary session channel */
    int exitcode;
    int close_expected;

    tree234 *rportfwds, *portfwds;

    enum {
        SSH_STATE_PREPACKET,
        SSH_STATE_BEFORE_SIZE,
        SSH_STATE_INTERMED,
        SSH_STATE_SESSION,
        SSH_STATE_CLOSED
    } state;

    int size_needed, eof_needed;

    struct Packet **queue;
    int queuelen, queuesize;
    int queueing;
    unsigned char *deferred_send_data;
    int deferred_len, deferred_size;

    /*
     * Gross hack: pscp will try to start SFTP but fall back to
     * scp1 if that fails. This variable is the means by which
     * scp.c can reach into the SSH code and find out which one it
     * got.
     */
    int fallback_cmd;

    /*
     * Used for username and password input.
     */
    char *userpass_input_buffer;
    int userpass_input_buflen;
    int userpass_input_bufpos;
    int userpass_input_echo;

    int pkt_ctx;

    void *x11auth;

    int version;
    int v1_throttle_count;
    int overall_bufsize;
    int throttled_all;
    int v1_stdout_throttling;
    int v2_outgoing_sequence;

    int ssh1_rdpkt_crstate;
    int ssh2_rdpkt_crstate;
    int do_ssh_init_crstate;
    int ssh_gotdata_crstate;
    int do_ssh1_login_crstate;
    int do_ssh1_connection_crstate;
    int do_ssh2_transport_crstate;
    int do_ssh2_authconn_crstate;

    void *do_ssh_init_state;
    void *do_ssh1_login_state;
    void *do_ssh2_transport_state;
    void *do_ssh2_authconn_state;

    struct rdpkt1_state_tag rdpkt1_state;
    struct rdpkt2_state_tag rdpkt2_state;

    /* ssh1 and ssh2 use this for different things, but both use it */
    int protocol_initial_phase_done;

    void (*protocol) (Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                      struct Packet *pkt);
    struct Packet *(*s_rdpkt) (Ssh ssh, unsigned char **data, int *datalen);

    /*
     * We maintain a full _copy_ of a Config structure here, not
     * merely a pointer to it. That way, when we're passed a new
     * one for reconfiguration, we can check the differences and
     * potentially reconfigure port forwardings etc in mid-session.
     */
    Config cfg;

    /*
     * Used to transfer data back from async agent callbacks.
     */
    void *agent_response;
    int agent_response_len;

    /*
     * Dispatch table for packet types that we may have to deal
     * with at any time.
     */
    handler_fn_t packet_dispatch[256];

    /*
     * Queues of one-off handler functions for success/failure
     * indications from a request.
     */
    struct queued_handler *qhead, *qtail;

    /*
     * This module deals with sending keepalives.
     */
    Pinger pinger;

    /*
     * Track incoming and outgoing data sizes and time, for
     * size-based rekeys.
     */
    unsigned long incoming_data_size, outgoing_data_size, deferred_data_size;
    unsigned long max_data_size;
    int kex_in_progress;
    long next_rekey, last_rekey;
    char *deferred_rekey_reason;    /* points to STATIC string; don't free */
};

#define logevent(s) logevent(ssh->frontend, s)

/* logevent, only printf-formatted. */
static void logeventf(Ssh ssh, const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list ap;
    char *buf;

    va_start(ap, fmt);
    buf = dupvprintf(fmt, ap);
    va_end(ap);
    logevent(buf);
    sfree(buf);
}

#define bombout(msg) \
    do { \
        char *text = dupprintf msg; \
        ssh_do_close(ssh, FALSE); \
        logevent(text); \
        connection_fatal(ssh->frontend, "%s", text); \
        sfree(text); \
    } while (0)

/* Functions to leave bits out of the SSH packet log file. */

static void dont_log_password(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt, int blanktype)
{
    if (ssh->cfg.logomitpass)
        pkt->logmode = blanktype;
}

static void dont_log_data(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt, int blanktype)
{
    if (ssh->cfg.logomitdata)
        pkt->logmode = blanktype;
}

static void end_log_omission(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    pkt->logmode = PKTLOG_EMIT;
}

static int ssh_channelcmp(void *av, void *bv)
{
    struct ssh_channel *a = (struct ssh_channel *) av;
    struct ssh_channel *b = (struct ssh_channel *) bv;
    if (a->localid < b->localid)
        return -1;
    if (a->localid > b->localid)
        return +1;
    return 0;
}
static int ssh_channelfind(void *av, void *bv)
{
    unsigned *a = (unsigned *) av;
    struct ssh_channel *b = (struct ssh_channel *) bv;
    if (*a < b->localid)
        return -1;
    if (*a > b->localid)
        return +1;
    return 0;
}

static int ssh_rportcmp_ssh1(void *av, void *bv)
{
    struct ssh_rportfwd *a = (struct ssh_rportfwd *) av;
    struct ssh_rportfwd *b = (struct ssh_rportfwd *) bv;
    int i;
    if ( (i = strcmp(a->dhost, b->dhost)) != 0)
        return i < 0 ? -1 : +1;
    if (a->dport > b->dport)
        return +1;
    if (a->dport < b->dport)
        return -1;
    return 0;
}

static int ssh_rportcmp_ssh2(void *av, void *bv)
{
    struct ssh_rportfwd *a = (struct ssh_rportfwd *) av;
    struct ssh_rportfwd *b = (struct ssh_rportfwd *) bv;

    if (a->sport > b->sport)
        return +1;
    if (a->sport < b->sport)
        return -1;
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Special form of strcmp which can cope with NULL inputs. NULL is
 * defined to sort before even the empty string.
 */
static int nullstrcmp(const char *a, const char *b)
{
    if (a == NULL && b == NULL)
        return 0;
    if (a == NULL)
        return -1;
    if (b == NULL)
        return +1;
    return strcmp(a, b);
}

static int ssh_portcmp(void *av, void *bv)
{
    struct ssh_portfwd *a = (struct ssh_portfwd *) av;
    struct ssh_portfwd *b = (struct ssh_portfwd *) bv;
    int i;
    if (a->type > b->type)
        return +1;
    if (a->type < b->type)
        return -1;
    if (a->addressfamily > b->addressfamily)
        return +1;
    if (a->addressfamily < b->addressfamily)
        return -1;
    if ( (i = nullstrcmp(a->saddr, b->saddr)) != 0)
        return i < 0 ? -1 : +1;
    if (a->sport > b->sport)
        return +1;
    if (a->sport < b->sport)
        return -1;
    if (a->type != 'D') {
        if ( (i = nullstrcmp(a->daddr, b->daddr)) != 0)
            return i < 0 ? -1 : +1;
        if (a->dport > b->dport)
            return +1;
        if (a->dport < b->dport)
            return -1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int alloc_channel_id(Ssh ssh)
{
    const unsigned CHANNEL_NUMBER_OFFSET = 256;
    unsigned low, high, mid;
    int tsize;
    struct ssh_channel *c;

    /*
     * First-fit allocation of channel numbers: always pick the
     * lowest unused one. To do this, binary-search using the
     * counted B-tree to find the largest channel ID which is in a
     * contiguous sequence from the beginning. (Precisely
     * everything in that sequence must have ID equal to its tree
     * index plus CHANNEL_NUMBER_OFFSET.)
     */
    tsize = count234(ssh->channels);

    low = -1;
    high = tsize;
    while (high - low > 1) {
        mid = (high + low) / 2;
        c = index234(ssh->channels, mid);
        if (c->localid == mid + CHANNEL_NUMBER_OFFSET)
            low = mid;                 /* this one is fine */
        else
            high = mid;                /* this one is past it */
    }
    /*
     * Now low points to either -1, or the tree index of the
     * largest ID in the initial sequence.
     */
    {
        unsigned i = low + 1 + CHANNEL_NUMBER_OFFSET;
        assert(NULL == find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind));
    }
    return low + 1 + CHANNEL_NUMBER_OFFSET;
}

static void c_write(Ssh ssh, const char *buf, int len)
{
    if ((flags & FLAG_STDERR)) {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
            if (buf[i] != '\r')
                fputc(buf[i], stderr);
        return;
    }
    from_backend(ssh->frontend, 1, buf, len);
}

static void c_write_untrusted(Ssh ssh, const char *buf, int len)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        if (buf[i] == '\n')
            c_write(ssh, "\r\n", 2);
        else if ((buf[i] & 0x60) || (buf[i] == '\r'))
            c_write(ssh, buf + i, 1);
    }
}

static void c_write_str(Ssh ssh, const char *buf)
{
    c_write(ssh, buf, strlen(buf));
}

static void ssh_free_packet(struct Packet *pkt)
{
    sfree(pkt->data);
    sfree(pkt);
}
static struct Packet *ssh_new_packet(void)
{
    struct Packet *pkt = snew(struct Packet);

    pkt->data = NULL;
    pkt->maxlen = 0;
    pkt->logmode = PKTLOG_EMIT;
    pkt->nblanks = 0;
    pkt->blanks = NULL;

    return pkt;
}

/*
 * Collect incoming data in the incoming packet buffer.
 * Decipher and verify the packet when it is completely read.
 * Drop SSH1_MSG_DEBUG and SSH1_MSG_IGNORE packets.
 * Update the *data and *datalen variables.
 * Return a Packet structure when a packet is completed.
 */
static struct Packet *ssh1_rdpkt(Ssh ssh, unsigned char **data, int *datalen)
{
    struct rdpkt1_state_tag *st = &ssh->rdpkt1_state;

    crBegin(ssh->ssh1_rdpkt_crstate);

    st->pktin = ssh_new_packet();

    st->pktin->type = 0;
    st->pktin->length = 0;

    for (st->i = st->len = 0; st->i < 4; st->i++) {
        while ((*datalen) == 0)
            crReturn(NULL);
        st->len = (st->len << 8) + **data;
        (*data)++, (*datalen)--;
    }

    st->pad = 8 - (st->len % 8);
    st->biglen = st->len + st->pad;
    st->pktin->length = st->len - 5;

    if (st->biglen < 0) {
        bombout(("Extremely large packet length from server suggests"
                 " data stream corruption"));
        ssh_free_packet(st->pktin);
        crStop(NULL);
    }

    st->pktin->maxlen = st->biglen;
    st->pktin->data = snewn(st->biglen + APIEXTRA, unsigned char);

    st->to_read = st->biglen;
    st->p = st->pktin->data;
    while (st->to_read > 0) {
        st->chunk = st->to_read;
        while ((*datalen) == 0)
            crReturn(NULL);
        if (st->chunk > (*datalen))
            st->chunk = (*datalen);
        memcpy(st->p, *data, st->chunk);
        *data += st->chunk;
        *datalen -= st->chunk;
        st->p += st->chunk;
        st->to_read -= st->chunk;
    }

    if (ssh->cipher && detect_attack(ssh->crcda_ctx, st->pktin->data,
                                     st->biglen, NULL)) {
        bombout(("Network attack (CRC compensation) detected!"));
        ssh_free_packet(st->pktin);
        crStop(NULL);
    }

    if (ssh->cipher)
        ssh->cipher->decrypt(ssh->v1_cipher_ctx, st->pktin->data, st->biglen);

    st->realcrc = crc32_compute(st->pktin->data, st->biglen - 4);
    st->gotcrc = GET_32BIT(st->pktin->data + st->biglen - 4);
    if (st->gotcrc != st->realcrc) {
        bombout(("Incorrect CRC received on packet"));
        ssh_free_packet(st->pktin);
        crStop(NULL);
    }

    st->pktin->body = st->pktin->data + st->pad + 1;
    st->pktin->savedpos = 0;

    if (ssh->v1_compressing) {
        unsigned char *decompblk;
        int decomplen;
        if (!zlib_decompress_block(ssh->sc_comp_ctx,
                                   st->pktin->body - 1, st->pktin->length + 1,
                                   &decompblk, &decomplen)) {
            bombout(("Zlib decompression encountered invalid data"));
            ssh_free_packet(st->pktin);
            crStop(NULL);
        }

        if (st->pktin->maxlen < st->pad + decomplen) {
            st->pktin->maxlen = st->pad + decomplen;
            st->pktin->data = sresize(st->pktin->data,
                                      st->pktin->maxlen + APIEXTRA,
                                      unsigned char);
            st->pktin->body = st->pktin->data + st->pad + 1;
        }

        memcpy(st->pktin->body - 1, decompblk, decomplen);
        sfree(decompblk);
        st->pktin->length = decomplen - 1;
    }

    st->pktin->type = st->pktin->body[-1];

    /*
     * Log incoming packet, possibly omitting sensitive fields.
     */
    if (ssh->logctx) {
        int nblanks = 0;
        struct logblank_t blank;
        if (ssh->cfg.logomitdata) {
            int do_blank = FALSE, blank_prefix = 0;
            /* "Session data" packets - omit the data field */
            if ((st->pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_STDOUT_DATA) ||
                (st->pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_STDERR_DATA)) {
                do_blank = TRUE; blank_prefix = 0;
            } else if (st->pktin->type == SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA) {
                do_blank = TRUE; blank_prefix = 4;
            }
            if (do_blank) {
                blank.offset = blank_prefix;
                blank.len = st->pktin->length;
                blank.type = PKTLOG_OMIT;
                nblanks = 1;
            }
        }
        log_packet(ssh->logctx,
                   PKT_INCOMING, st->pktin->type,
                   ssh1_pkt_type(st->pktin->type),
                   st->pktin->body, st->pktin->length,
                   nblanks, &blank);
    }

    crFinish(st->pktin);
}

static struct Packet *ssh2_rdpkt(Ssh ssh, unsigned char **data, int *datalen)
{
    struct rdpkt2_state_tag *st = &ssh->rdpkt2_state;

    crBegin(ssh->ssh2_rdpkt_crstate);

    st->pktin = ssh_new_packet();

    st->pktin->type = 0;
    st->pktin->length = 0;
    if (ssh->sccipher)
        st->cipherblk = ssh->sccipher->blksize;
    else
        st->cipherblk = 8;
    if (st->cipherblk < 8)
        st->cipherblk = 8;

    st->pktin->data = snewn(st->cipherblk + APIEXTRA, unsigned char);

    /*
     * Acquire and decrypt the first block of the packet. This will
     * contain the length and padding details.
     */
    for (st->i = st->len = 0; st->i < st->cipherblk; st->i++) {
        while ((*datalen) == 0)
            crReturn(NULL);
        st->pktin->data[st->i] = *(*data)++;
        (*datalen)--;
    }

    if (ssh->sccipher)
        ssh->sccipher->decrypt(ssh->sc_cipher_ctx,
                               st->pktin->data, st->cipherblk);

    /*
     * Now get the length and padding figures.
     */
    st->len = GET_32BIT(st->pktin->data);
    st->pad = st->pktin->data[4];

    /*
     * _Completely_ silly lengths should be stomped on before they
     * do us any more damage.
     */
    if (st->len < 0 || st->pad < 0 || st->len + st->pad < 0) {
        bombout(("Incoming packet was garbled on decryption"));
        ssh_free_packet(st->pktin);
        crStop(NULL);
    }

    /*
     * This enables us to deduce the payload length.
     */
    st->payload = st->len - st->pad - 1;

    st->pktin->length = st->payload + 5;

    /*
     * So now we can work out the total packet length.
     */
    st->packetlen = st->len + 4;
    st->maclen = ssh->scmac ? ssh->scmac->len : 0;

    /*
     * Allocate memory for the rest of the packet.
     */
    st->pktin->maxlen = st->packetlen + st->maclen;
    st->pktin->data = sresize(st->pktin->data,
                              st->pktin->maxlen + APIEXTRA,
                              unsigned char);

    /*
     * Read and decrypt the remainder of the packet.
     */
    for (st->i = st->cipherblk; st->i < st->packetlen + st->maclen;
         st->i++) {
        while ((*datalen) == 0)
            crReturn(NULL);
        st->pktin->data[st->i] = *(*data)++;
        (*datalen)--;
    }
    /* Decrypt everything _except_ the MAC. */
    if (ssh->sccipher)
        ssh->sccipher->decrypt(ssh->sc_cipher_ctx,
                               st->pktin->data + st->cipherblk,
                               st->packetlen - st->cipherblk);

    st->pktin->encrypted_len = st->packetlen;

    /*
     * Check the MAC.
     */
    if (ssh->scmac
        && !ssh->scmac->verify(ssh->sc_mac_ctx, st->pktin->data, st->len + 4,
                               st->incoming_sequence)) {
        bombout(("Incorrect MAC received on packet"));
        ssh_free_packet(st->pktin);
        crStop(NULL);
    }

    st->pktin->sequence = st->incoming_sequence++;

    /*
     * Decompress packet payload.
     */
    {
        unsigned char *newpayload;
        int newlen;
        if (ssh->sccomp &&
            ssh->sccomp->decompress(ssh->sc_comp_ctx,
                                    st->pktin->data + 5, st->pktin->length - 5,
                                    &newpayload, &newlen)) {
            if (st->pktin->maxlen < newlen + 5) {
                st->pktin->maxlen = newlen + 5;
                st->pktin->data = sresize(st->pktin->data,
                                          st->pktin->maxlen + APIEXTRA,
                                          unsigned char);
            }
            st->pktin->length = 5 + newlen;
            memcpy(st->pktin->data + 5, newpayload, newlen);
            sfree(newpayload);
        }
    }

    st->pktin->savedpos = 6;
    st->pktin->body = st->pktin->data;
    st->pktin->type = st->pktin->data[5];

    /*
     * Log incoming packet, possibly omitting sensitive fields.
     */
    if (ssh->logctx) {
        int nblanks = 0;
        struct logblank_t blank;
        if (ssh->cfg.logomitdata) {
            int do_blank = FALSE, blank_prefix = 0;
            /* "Session data" packets - omit the data field */
            if (st->pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA) {
                do_blank = TRUE; blank_prefix = 4;
            } else if (st->pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA) {
                do_blank = TRUE; blank_prefix = 8;
            }
            if (do_blank) {
                blank.offset = blank_prefix;
                blank.len = (st->pktin->length-6) - blank_prefix;
                blank.type = PKTLOG_OMIT;
                nblanks = 1;
            }
        }
        log_packet(ssh->logctx, PKT_INCOMING, st->pktin->type,
                   ssh2_pkt_type(ssh->pkt_ctx, st->pktin->type),
                   st->pktin->data+6, st->pktin->length-6,
                   nblanks, &blank);
    }

    crFinish(st->pktin);
}

static void ssh1_pktout_size(struct Packet *pkt, int len)
{
    int pad, biglen;

    len += 5;                          /* type and CRC */
    pad = 8 - (len % 8);
    biglen = len + pad;

    pkt->length = len - 5;
    if (pkt->maxlen < biglen) {
        pkt->maxlen = biglen;
        pkt->data = sresize(pkt->data, biglen + 4 + APIEXTRA, unsigned char);
    }
    pkt->body = pkt->data + 4 + pad + 1;
}

static struct Packet *s_wrpkt_start(int type, int len)
{
    struct Packet *pkt = ssh_new_packet();
    ssh1_pktout_size(pkt, len);
    pkt->type = type;
    /* Initialise log omission state */
    pkt->nblanks = 0;
    pkt->blanks = NULL;
    return pkt;
}

static int s_wrpkt_prepare(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    int pad, biglen, i;
    unsigned long crc;
#ifdef __SC__
    /*
     * XXX various versions of SC (including 8.8.4) screw up the
     * register allocation in this function and use the same register
     * (D6) for len and as a temporary, with predictable results.  The
     * following sledgehammer prevents this.
     */
    volatile
#endif
    int len;

    pkt->body[-1] = pkt->type;

    if (ssh->logctx)
        log_packet(ssh->logctx, PKT_OUTGOING, pkt->type,
                   ssh1_pkt_type(pkt->type),
                   pkt->body, pkt->length,
                   pkt->nblanks, pkt->blanks);
    sfree(pkt->blanks); pkt->blanks = NULL;
    pkt->nblanks = 0;

    if (ssh->v1_compressing) {
        unsigned char *compblk;
        int complen;
        zlib_compress_block(ssh->cs_comp_ctx,
                            pkt->body - 1, pkt->length + 1,
                            &compblk, &complen);
        ssh1_pktout_size(pkt, complen - 1);
        memcpy(pkt->body - 1, compblk, complen);
        sfree(compblk);
    }

    len = pkt->length + 5;             /* type and CRC */
    pad = 8 - (len % 8);
    biglen = len + pad;

    for (i = 0; i < pad; i++)
        pkt->data[i + 4] = random_byte();
    crc = crc32_compute(pkt->data + 4, biglen - 4);
    PUT_32BIT(pkt->data + biglen, crc);
    PUT_32BIT(pkt->data, len);

    if (ssh->cipher)
        ssh->cipher->encrypt(ssh->v1_cipher_ctx, pkt->data + 4, biglen);

    return biglen + 4;
}

static void s_wrpkt(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    int len, backlog;
    len = s_wrpkt_prepare(ssh, pkt);
    backlog = sk_write(ssh->s, (char *)pkt->data, len);
    if (backlog > SSH_MAX_BACKLOG)
        ssh_throttle_all(ssh, 1, backlog);
}

static void s_wrpkt_defer(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    int len;
    len = s_wrpkt_prepare(ssh, pkt);
    if (ssh->deferred_len + len > ssh->deferred_size) {
        ssh->deferred_size = ssh->deferred_len + len + 128;
        ssh->deferred_send_data = sresize(ssh->deferred_send_data,
                                          ssh->deferred_size,
                                          unsigned char);
    }
    memcpy(ssh->deferred_send_data + ssh->deferred_len, pkt->data, len);
    ssh->deferred_len += len;
}

/*
 * Construct a packet with the specified contents.
 */
static struct Packet *construct_packet(Ssh ssh, int pkttype,
                                       va_list ap1, va_list ap2)
{
    unsigned char *p, *argp, argchar;
    unsigned long argint;
    int pktlen, argtype, arglen;
    Bignum bn;
    struct Packet *pkt;

    pktlen = 0;
    while ((argtype = va_arg(ap1, int)) != PKT_END) {
        switch (argtype) {
          case PKT_INT:
            (void) va_arg(ap1, int);
            pktlen += 4;
            break;
          case PKT_CHAR:
            (void) va_arg(ap1, int);
            pktlen++;
            break;
          case PKT_DATA:
            (void) va_arg(ap1, unsigned char *);
            arglen = va_arg(ap1, int);
            pktlen += arglen;
            break;
          case PKT_STR:
            argp = va_arg(ap1, unsigned char *);
            arglen = strlen((char *)argp);
            pktlen += 4 + arglen;
            break;
          case PKT_BIGNUM:
            bn = va_arg(ap1, Bignum);
            pktlen += ssh1_bignum_length(bn);
            break;
          case PKTT_PASSWORD:
          case PKTT_DATA:
          case PKTT_OTHER:
            /* ignore this pass */
            break;
          default:
            assert(0);
        }
    }

    pkt = s_wrpkt_start(pkttype, pktlen);
    p = pkt->body;

    while ((argtype = va_arg(ap2, int)) != PKT_END) {
        int offset = p - pkt->body, len = 0;
        switch (argtype) {
          /* Actual fields in the packet */
          case PKT_INT:
            argint = va_arg(ap2, int);
            PUT_32BIT(p, argint);
            len = 4;
            break;
          case PKT_CHAR:
            argchar = (unsigned char) va_arg(ap2, int);
            *p = argchar;
            len = 1;
            break;
          case PKT_DATA:
            argp = va_arg(ap2, unsigned char *);
            arglen = va_arg(ap2, int);
            memcpy(p, argp, arglen);
            len = arglen;
            break;
          case PKT_STR:
            argp = va_arg(ap2, unsigned char *);
            arglen = strlen((char *)argp);
            PUT_32BIT(p, arglen);
            memcpy(p + 4, argp, arglen);
            len = arglen + 4;
            break;
          case PKT_BIGNUM:
            bn = va_arg(ap2, Bignum);
            len = ssh1_write_bignum(p, bn);
            break;
          /* Tokens for modifications to packet logging */
          case PKTT_PASSWORD:
            dont_log_password(ssh, pkt, PKTLOG_BLANK);
            break;
          case PKTT_DATA:
            dont_log_data(ssh, pkt, PKTLOG_OMIT);
            break;
          case PKTT_OTHER:
            end_log_omission(ssh, pkt);
            break;
        }
        p += len;
        /* Deal with logfile omission, if required. */
        if (len && (pkt->logmode != PKTLOG_EMIT)) {
            pkt->nblanks++;
            pkt->blanks = sresize(pkt->blanks, pkt->nblanks,
                                  struct logblank_t);
            pkt->blanks[pkt->nblanks-1].offset = offset;
            pkt->blanks[pkt->nblanks-1].len    = len;
            pkt->blanks[pkt->nblanks-1].type   = pkt->logmode;
        }
    }

    return pkt;
}

static void send_packet(Ssh ssh, int pkttype, ...)
{
    struct Packet *pkt;
    va_list ap1, ap2;
    va_start(ap1, pkttype);
    va_start(ap2, pkttype);
    pkt = construct_packet(ssh, pkttype, ap1, ap2);
    va_end(ap2);
    va_end(ap1);
    s_wrpkt(ssh, pkt);
    ssh_free_packet(pkt);
}

static void defer_packet(Ssh ssh, int pkttype, ...)
{
    struct Packet *pkt;
    va_list ap1, ap2;
    va_start(ap1, pkttype);
    va_start(ap2, pkttype);
    pkt = construct_packet(ssh, pkttype, ap1, ap2);
    va_end(ap2);
    va_end(ap1);
    s_wrpkt_defer(ssh, pkt);
    ssh_free_packet(pkt);
}

static int ssh_versioncmp(char *a, char *b)
{
    char *ae, *be;
    unsigned long av, bv;

    av = strtoul(a, &ae, 10);
    bv = strtoul(b, &be, 10);
    if (av != bv)
        return (av < bv ? -1 : +1);
    if (*ae == '.')
        ae++;
    if (*be == '.')
        be++;
    av = strtoul(ae, &ae, 10);
    bv = strtoul(be, &be, 10);
    if (av != bv)
        return (av < bv ? -1 : +1);
    return 0;
}

/*
 * Utility routines for putting an SSH-protocol `string' and
 * `uint32' into a SHA state.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
static void sha_string(SHA_State * s, void *str, int len)
{
    unsigned char lenblk[4];
    PUT_32BIT(lenblk, len);
    SHA_Bytes(s, lenblk, 4);
    SHA_Bytes(s, str, len);
}

static void sha_uint32(SHA_State * s, unsigned i)
{
    unsigned char intblk[4];
    PUT_32BIT(intblk, i);
    SHA_Bytes(s, intblk, 4);
}

/*
 * SSH2 packet construction functions.
 */
static void ssh2_pkt_ensure(struct Packet *pkt, int length)
{
    if (pkt->maxlen < length) {
        pkt->maxlen = length + 256;
        pkt->data = sresize(pkt->data, pkt->maxlen + APIEXTRA, unsigned char);
    }
}
static void ssh2_pkt_adddata(struct Packet *pkt, void *data, int len)
{
    if (pkt->logmode != PKTLOG_EMIT) {
        pkt->nblanks++;
        pkt->blanks = sresize(pkt->blanks, pkt->nblanks, struct logblank_t);
        pkt->blanks[pkt->nblanks-1].offset = pkt->length - 6;
        pkt->blanks[pkt->nblanks-1].len = len;
        pkt->blanks[pkt->nblanks-1].type = pkt->logmode;
    }
    pkt->length += len;
    ssh2_pkt_ensure(pkt, pkt->length);
    memcpy(pkt->data + pkt->length - len, data, len);
}
static void ssh2_pkt_addbyte(struct Packet *pkt, unsigned char byte)
{
    ssh2_pkt_adddata(pkt, &byte, 1);
}
static struct Packet *ssh2_pkt_init(int pkt_type)
{
    struct Packet *pkt = ssh_new_packet();
    pkt->length = 5;
    ssh2_pkt_addbyte(pkt, (unsigned char) pkt_type);
    return pkt;
}
static void ssh2_pkt_addbool(struct Packet *pkt, unsigned char value)
{
    ssh2_pkt_adddata(pkt, &value, 1);
}
static void ssh2_pkt_adduint32(struct Packet *pkt, unsigned long value)
{
    unsigned char x[4];
    PUT_32BIT(x, value);
    ssh2_pkt_adddata(pkt, x, 4);
}
static void ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(struct Packet *pkt)
{
    ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pkt, 0);
    pkt->savedpos = pkt->length;
}
static void ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(struct Packet *pkt, char *data)
{
    ssh2_pkt_adddata(pkt, data, strlen(data));
    PUT_32BIT(pkt->data + pkt->savedpos - 4, pkt->length - pkt->savedpos);
}
static void ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(struct Packet *pkt, char *data, int len)
{
    ssh2_pkt_adddata(pkt, data, len);
    PUT_32BIT(pkt->data + pkt->savedpos - 4, pkt->length - pkt->savedpos);
}
static void ssh2_pkt_addstring(struct Packet *pkt, char *data)
{
    ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(pkt);
    ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(pkt, data);
}
static unsigned char *ssh2_mpint_fmt(Bignum b, int *len)
{
    unsigned char *p;
    int i, n = (bignum_bitcount(b) + 7) / 8;
    p = snewn(n + 1, unsigned char);
    if (!p)
        fatalbox("out of memory");
    p[0] = 0;
    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        p[i] = bignum_byte(b, n - i);
    i = 0;
    while (i <= n && p[i] == 0 && (p[i + 1] & 0x80) == 0)
        i++;
    memmove(p, p + i, n + 1 - i);
    *len = n + 1 - i;
    return p;
}
static void ssh2_pkt_addmp(struct Packet *pkt, Bignum b)
{
    unsigned char *p;
    int len;
    p = ssh2_mpint_fmt(b, &len);
    ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(pkt);
    ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(pkt, (char *)p, len);
    sfree(p);
}

/*
 * Construct an SSH2 final-form packet: compress it, encrypt it,
 * put the MAC on it. Final packet, ready to be sent, is stored in
 * pkt->data. Total length is returned.
 */
static int ssh2_pkt_construct(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    int cipherblk, maclen, padding, i;

    if (ssh->logctx)
        log_packet(ssh->logctx, PKT_OUTGOING, pkt->data[5],
                   ssh2_pkt_type(ssh->pkt_ctx, pkt->data[5]),
                   pkt->data + 6, pkt->length - 6,
                   pkt->nblanks, pkt->blanks);
    sfree(pkt->blanks); pkt->blanks = NULL;
    pkt->nblanks = 0;

    /*
     * Compress packet payload.
     */
    {
        unsigned char *newpayload;
        int newlen;
        if (ssh->cscomp &&
            ssh->cscomp->compress(ssh->cs_comp_ctx, pkt->data + 5,
                                  pkt->length - 5,
                                  &newpayload, &newlen)) {
            pkt->length = 5;
            ssh2_pkt_adddata(pkt, newpayload, newlen);
            sfree(newpayload);
        }
    }

    /*
     * Add padding. At least four bytes, and must also bring total
     * length (minus MAC) up to a multiple of the block size.
     */
    cipherblk = ssh->cscipher ? ssh->cscipher->blksize : 8;  /* block size */
    cipherblk = cipherblk < 8 ? 8 : cipherblk;  /* or 8 if blksize < 8 */
    padding = 4;
    padding +=
        (cipherblk - (pkt->length + padding) % cipherblk) % cipherblk;
    maclen = ssh->csmac ? ssh->csmac->len : 0;
    ssh2_pkt_ensure(pkt, pkt->length + padding + maclen);
    pkt->data[4] = padding;
    for (i = 0; i < padding; i++)
        pkt->data[pkt->length + i] = random_byte();
    PUT_32BIT(pkt->data, pkt->length + padding - 4);
    if (ssh->csmac)
        ssh->csmac->generate(ssh->cs_mac_ctx, pkt->data,
                             pkt->length + padding,
                             ssh->v2_outgoing_sequence);
    ssh->v2_outgoing_sequence++;       /* whether or not we MACed */

    if (ssh->cscipher)
        ssh->cscipher->encrypt(ssh->cs_cipher_ctx,
                               pkt->data, pkt->length + padding);

    pkt->encrypted_len = pkt->length + padding;

    /* Ready-to-send packet starts at pkt->data. We return length. */
    return pkt->length + padding + maclen;
}

/*
 * Routines called from the main SSH code to send packets. There
 * are quite a few of these, because we have two separate
 * mechanisms for delaying the sending of packets:
 * 
 *  - In order to send an IGNORE message and a password message in
 *    a single fixed-length blob, we require the ability to
 *    concatenate the encrypted forms of those two packets _into_ a
 *    single blob and then pass it to our <network.h> transport
 *    layer in one go. Hence, there's a deferment mechanism which
 *    works after packet encryption.
 * 
 *  - In order to avoid sending any connection-layer messages
 *    during repeat key exchange, we have to queue up any such
 *    outgoing messages _before_ they are encrypted (and in
 *    particular before they're allocated sequence numbers), and
 *    then send them once we've finished.
 * 
 * I call these mechanisms `defer' and `queue' respectively, so as
 * to distinguish them reasonably easily.
 * 
 * The functions send_noqueue() and defer_noqueue() free the packet
 * structure they are passed. Every outgoing packet goes through
 * precisely one of these functions in its life; packets passed to
 * ssh2_pkt_send() or ssh2_pkt_defer() either go straight to one of
 * these or get queued, and then when the queue is later emptied
 * the packets are all passed to defer_noqueue().
 */

/*
 * Send an SSH2 packet immediately, without queuing or deferring.
 */
static void ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    int len;
    int backlog;
    len = ssh2_pkt_construct(ssh, pkt);
    backlog = sk_write(ssh->s, (char *)pkt->data, len);
    if (backlog > SSH_MAX_BACKLOG)
        ssh_throttle_all(ssh, 1, backlog);

    ssh->outgoing_data_size += pkt->encrypted_len;
    if (!ssh->kex_in_progress &&
        ssh->max_data_size != 0 &&
        ssh->outgoing_data_size > ssh->max_data_size)
        do_ssh2_transport(ssh, "too much data sent", -1, NULL);

    ssh_free_packet(pkt);
}

/*
 * Defer an SSH2 packet.
 */
static void ssh2_pkt_defer_noqueue(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    int len = ssh2_pkt_construct(ssh, pkt);
    if (ssh->deferred_len + len > ssh->deferred_size) {
        ssh->deferred_size = ssh->deferred_len + len + 128;
        ssh->deferred_send_data = sresize(ssh->deferred_send_data,
                                          ssh->deferred_size,
                                          unsigned char);
    }
    memcpy(ssh->deferred_send_data + ssh->deferred_len, pkt->data, len);
    ssh->deferred_len += len;
    ssh->deferred_data_size += pkt->encrypted_len;
    ssh_free_packet(pkt);
}

/*
 * Queue an SSH2 packet.
 */
static void ssh2_pkt_queue(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    assert(ssh->queueing);

    if (ssh->queuelen >= ssh->queuesize) {
        ssh->queuesize = ssh->queuelen + 32;
        ssh->queue = sresize(ssh->queue, ssh->queuesize, struct Packet *);
    }

    ssh->queue[ssh->queuelen++] = pkt;
}

/*
 * Either queue or send a packet, depending on whether queueing is
 * set.
 */
static void ssh2_pkt_send(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    if (ssh->queueing)
        ssh2_pkt_queue(ssh, pkt);
    else
        ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, pkt);
}

/*
 * Either queue or defer a packet, depending on whether queueing is
 * set.
 */
static void ssh2_pkt_defer(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt)
{
    if (ssh->queueing)
        ssh2_pkt_queue(ssh, pkt);
    else
        ssh2_pkt_defer_noqueue(ssh, pkt);
}

/*
 * Send the whole deferred data block constructed by
 * ssh2_pkt_defer() or SSH1's defer_packet().
 * 
 * The expected use of the defer mechanism is that you call
 * ssh2_pkt_defer() a few times, then call ssh_pkt_defersend(). If
 * not currently queueing, this simply sets up deferred_send_data
 * and then sends it. If we _are_ currently queueing, the calls to
 * ssh2_pkt_defer() put the deferred packets on to the queue
 * instead, and therefore ssh_pkt_defersend() has no deferred data
 * to send. Hence, there's no need to make it conditional on
 * ssh->queueing.
 */
static void ssh_pkt_defersend(Ssh ssh)
{
    int backlog;
    backlog = sk_write(ssh->s, (char *)ssh->deferred_send_data,
                       ssh->deferred_len);
    ssh->deferred_len = ssh->deferred_size = 0;
    sfree(ssh->deferred_send_data);
    ssh->deferred_send_data = NULL;
    if (backlog > SSH_MAX_BACKLOG)
        ssh_throttle_all(ssh, 1, backlog);

    ssh->outgoing_data_size += ssh->deferred_data_size;
    if (!ssh->kex_in_progress &&
        ssh->max_data_size != 0 &&
        ssh->outgoing_data_size > ssh->max_data_size)
        do_ssh2_transport(ssh, "too much data sent", -1, NULL);
    ssh->deferred_data_size = 0;
}

/*
 * Send all queued SSH2 packets. We send them by means of
 * ssh2_pkt_defer_noqueue(), in case they included a pair of
 * packets that needed to be lumped together.
 */
static void ssh2_pkt_queuesend(Ssh ssh)
{
    int i;

    assert(!ssh->queueing);

    for (i = 0; i < ssh->queuelen; i++)
        ssh2_pkt_defer_noqueue(ssh, ssh->queue[i]);
    ssh->queuelen = 0;

    ssh_pkt_defersend(ssh);
}

#if 0
void bndebug(char *string, Bignum b)
{
    unsigned char *p;
    int i, len;
    p = ssh2_mpint_fmt(b, &len);
    debug(("%s", string));
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
        debug((" %02x", p[i]));
    debug(("\n"));
    sfree(p);
}
#endif

static void sha_mpint(SHA_State * s, Bignum b)
{
    unsigned char *p;
    int len;
    p = ssh2_mpint_fmt(b, &len);
    sha_string(s, p, len);
    sfree(p);
}

/*
 * Packet decode functions for both SSH1 and SSH2.
 */
static unsigned long ssh_pkt_getuint32(struct Packet *pkt)
{
    unsigned long value;
    if (pkt->length - pkt->savedpos < 4)
        return 0;                      /* arrgh, no way to decline (FIXME?) */
    value = GET_32BIT(pkt->body + pkt->savedpos);
    pkt->savedpos += 4;
    return value;
}
static int ssh2_pkt_getbool(struct Packet *pkt)
{
    unsigned long value;
    if (pkt->length - pkt->savedpos < 1)
        return 0;                      /* arrgh, no way to decline (FIXME?) */
    value = pkt->body[pkt->savedpos] != 0;
    pkt->savedpos++;
    return value;
}
static void ssh_pkt_getstring(struct Packet *pkt, char **p, int *length)
{
    int len;
    *p = NULL;
    *length = 0;
    if (pkt->length - pkt->savedpos < 4)
        return;
    len = GET_32BIT(pkt->body + pkt->savedpos);
    if (len < 0)
        return;
    *length = len;
    pkt->savedpos += 4;
    if (pkt->length - pkt->savedpos < *length)
        return;
    *p = (char *)(pkt->body + pkt->savedpos);
    pkt->savedpos += *length;
}
static void *ssh_pkt_getdata(struct Packet *pkt, int length)
{
    if (pkt->length - pkt->savedpos < length)
        return NULL;
    pkt->savedpos += length;
    return pkt->body + (pkt->savedpos - length);
}
static int ssh1_pkt_getrsakey(struct Packet *pkt, struct RSAKey *key,
                              unsigned char **keystr)
{
    int j;

    j = makekey(pkt->body + pkt->savedpos,
                pkt->length - pkt->savedpos,
                key, keystr, 0);

    if (j < 0)
        return FALSE;
    
    pkt->savedpos += j;
    assert(pkt->savedpos < pkt->length);

    return TRUE;
}
static Bignum ssh1_pkt_getmp(struct Packet *pkt)
{
    int j;
    Bignum b;

    j = ssh1_read_bignum(pkt->body + pkt->savedpos,
                         pkt->length - pkt->savedpos, &b);

    if (j < 0)
        return NULL;

    pkt->savedpos += j;
    return b;
}
static Bignum ssh2_pkt_getmp(struct Packet *pkt)
{
    char *p;
    int length;
    Bignum b;

    ssh_pkt_getstring(pkt, &p, &length);
    if (!p)
        return NULL;
    if (p[0] & 0x80)
        return NULL;
    b = bignum_from_bytes((unsigned char *)p, length);
    return b;
}

/*
 * Helper function to add an SSH2 signature blob to a packet.
 * Expects to be shown the public key blob as well as the signature
 * blob. Normally works just like ssh2_pkt_addstring, but will
 * fiddle with the signature packet if necessary for
 * BUG_SSH2_RSA_PADDING.
 */
static void ssh2_add_sigblob(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pkt,
                             void *pkblob_v, int pkblob_len,
                             void *sigblob_v, int sigblob_len)
{
    unsigned char *pkblob = (unsigned char *)pkblob_v;
    unsigned char *sigblob = (unsigned char *)sigblob_v;

    /* dmemdump(pkblob, pkblob_len); */
    /* dmemdump(sigblob, sigblob_len); */

    /*
     * See if this is in fact an ssh-rsa signature and a buggy
     * server; otherwise we can just do this the easy way.
     */
    if ((ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_RSA_PADDING) &&
        (GET_32BIT(pkblob) == 7 && !memcmp(pkblob+4, "ssh-rsa", 7))) {
        int pos, len, siglen;

        /*
         * Find the byte length of the modulus.
         */

        pos = 4+7;                     /* skip over "ssh-rsa" */
        pos += 4 + GET_32BIT(pkblob+pos);   /* skip over exponent */
        len = GET_32BIT(pkblob+pos);   /* find length of modulus */
        pos += 4;                      /* find modulus itself */
        while (len > 0 && pkblob[pos] == 0)
            len--, pos++;
        /* debug(("modulus length is %d\n", len)); */

        /*
         * Now find the signature integer.
         */
        pos = 4+7;                     /* skip over "ssh-rsa" */
        siglen = GET_32BIT(sigblob+pos);
        /* debug(("signature length is %d\n", siglen)); */

        if (len != siglen) {
            unsigned char newlen[4];
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(pkt);
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(pkt, (char *)sigblob, pos);
            /* dmemdump(sigblob, pos); */
            pos += 4;                  /* point to start of actual sig */
            PUT_32BIT(newlen, len);
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(pkt, (char *)newlen, 4);
            /* dmemdump(newlen, 4); */
            newlen[0] = 0;
            while (len-- > siglen) {
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(pkt, (char *)newlen, 1);
                /* dmemdump(newlen, 1); */
            }
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(pkt, (char *)(sigblob+pos), siglen);
            /* dmemdump(sigblob+pos, siglen); */
            return;
        }

        /* Otherwise fall through and do it the easy way. */
    }

    ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(pkt);
    ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(pkt, (char *)sigblob, sigblob_len);
}

/*
 * Examine the remote side's version string and compare it against
 * a list of known buggy implementations.
 */
static void ssh_detect_bugs(Ssh ssh, char *vstring)
{
    char *imp;                         /* pointer to implementation part */
    imp = vstring;
    imp += strcspn(imp, "-");
    if (*imp) imp++;
    imp += strcspn(imp, "-");
    if (*imp) imp++;

    ssh->remote_bugs = 0;

    if (ssh->cfg.sshbug_ignore1 == FORCE_ON ||
        (ssh->cfg.sshbug_ignore1 == AUTO &&
         (!strcmp(imp, "1.2.18") || !strcmp(imp, "1.2.19") ||
          !strcmp(imp, "1.2.20") || !strcmp(imp, "1.2.21") ||
          !strcmp(imp, "1.2.22") || !strcmp(imp, "Cisco-1.25") ||
          !strcmp(imp, "OSU_1.4alpha3") || !strcmp(imp, "OSU_1.5alpha4")))) {
        /*
         * These versions don't support SSH1_MSG_IGNORE, so we have
         * to use a different defence against password length
         * sniffing.
         */
        ssh->remote_bugs |= BUG_CHOKES_ON_SSH1_IGNORE;
        logevent("We believe remote version has SSH1 ignore bug");
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.sshbug_plainpw1 == FORCE_ON ||
        (ssh->cfg.sshbug_plainpw1 == AUTO &&
         (!strcmp(imp, "Cisco-1.25") || !strcmp(imp, "OSU_1.4alpha3")))) {
        /*
         * These versions need a plain password sent; they can't
         * handle having a null and a random length of data after
         * the password.
         */
        ssh->remote_bugs |= BUG_NEEDS_SSH1_PLAIN_PASSWORD;
        logevent("We believe remote version needs a plain SSH1 password");
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.sshbug_rsa1 == FORCE_ON ||
        (ssh->cfg.sshbug_rsa1 == AUTO &&
         (!strcmp(imp, "Cisco-1.25")))) {
        /*
         * These versions apparently have no clue whatever about
         * RSA authentication and will panic and die if they see
         * an AUTH_RSA message.
         */
        ssh->remote_bugs |= BUG_CHOKES_ON_RSA;
        logevent("We believe remote version can't handle RSA authentication");
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.sshbug_hmac2 == FORCE_ON ||
        (ssh->cfg.sshbug_hmac2 == AUTO &&
         !wc_match("* VShell", imp) &&
         (wc_match("2.1.0*", imp) || wc_match("2.0.*", imp) ||
          wc_match("2.2.0*", imp) || wc_match("2.3.0*", imp) ||
          wc_match("2.1 *", imp)))) {
        /*
         * These versions have the HMAC bug.
         */
        ssh->remote_bugs |= BUG_SSH2_HMAC;
        logevent("We believe remote version has SSH2 HMAC bug");
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.sshbug_derivekey2 == FORCE_ON ||
        (ssh->cfg.sshbug_derivekey2 == AUTO &&
         !wc_match("* VShell", imp) &&
         (wc_match("2.0.0*", imp) || wc_match("2.0.10*", imp) ))) {
        /*
         * These versions have the key-derivation bug (failing to
         * include the literal shared secret in the hashes that
         * generate the keys).
         */
        ssh->remote_bugs |= BUG_SSH2_DERIVEKEY;
        logevent("We believe remote version has SSH2 key-derivation bug");
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.sshbug_rsapad2 == FORCE_ON ||
        (ssh->cfg.sshbug_rsapad2 == AUTO &&
         (wc_match("OpenSSH_2.[5-9]*", imp) ||
          wc_match("OpenSSH_3.[0-2]*", imp)))) {
        /*
         * These versions have the SSH2 RSA padding bug.
         */
        ssh->remote_bugs |= BUG_SSH2_RSA_PADDING;
        logevent("We believe remote version has SSH2 RSA padding bug");
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.sshbug_pksessid2 == FORCE_ON ||
        (ssh->cfg.sshbug_pksessid2 == AUTO &&
         wc_match("OpenSSH_2.[0-2]*", imp))) {
        /*
         * These versions have the SSH2 session-ID bug in
         * public-key authentication.
         */
        ssh->remote_bugs |= BUG_SSH2_PK_SESSIONID;
        logevent("We believe remote version has SSH2 public-key-session-ID bug");
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.sshbug_rekey2 == FORCE_ON ||
        (ssh->cfg.sshbug_rekey2 == AUTO &&
         (wc_match("OpenSSH_2.[0-4]*", imp) ||
          wc_match("OpenSSH_2.5.[0-3]*", imp) ||
          wc_match("Sun_SSH_1.0", imp) ||
          wc_match("Sun_SSH_1.0.1", imp)))) {
        /*
         * These versions have the SSH2 rekey bug.
         */
        ssh->remote_bugs |= BUG_SSH2_REKEY;
        logevent("We believe remote version has SSH2 rekey bug");
    }
}

/*
 * The `software version' part of an SSH version string is required
 * to contain no spaces or minus signs.
 */
static void ssh_fix_verstring(char *str)
{
    /* Eat "SSH-<protoversion>-". */
    assert(*str == 'S'); str++;
    assert(*str == 'S'); str++;
    assert(*str == 'H'); str++;
    assert(*str == '-'); str++;
    while (*str && *str != '-') str++;
    assert(*str == '-'); str++;

    /* Convert minus signs and spaces in the remaining string into
     * underscores. */
    while (*str) {
        if (*str == '-' || *str == ' ')
            *str = '_';
        str++;
    }
}

static int do_ssh_init(Ssh ssh, unsigned char c)
{
    struct do_ssh_init_state {
        int vslen;
        char version[10];
        char *vstring;
        int vstrsize;
        int i;
        int proto1, proto2;
    };
    crState(do_ssh_init_state);

    crBegin(ssh->do_ssh_init_crstate);

    /* Search for the string "SSH-" in the input. */
    s->i = 0;
    while (1) {
        static const int transS[] = { 1, 2, 2, 1 };
        static const int transH[] = { 0, 0, 3, 0 };
        static const int transminus[] = { 0, 0, 0, -1 };
        if (c == 'S')
            s->i = transS[s->i];
        else if (c == 'H')
            s->i = transH[s->i];
        else if (c == '-')
            s->i = transminus[s->i];
        else
            s->i = 0;
        if (s->i < 0)
            break;
        crReturn(1);                   /* get another character */
    }

    s->vstrsize = 16;
    s->vstring = snewn(s->vstrsize, char);
    strcpy(s->vstring, "SSH-");
    s->vslen = 4;
    s->i = 0;
    while (1) {
        crReturn(1);                   /* get another char */
        if (s->vslen >= s->vstrsize - 1) {
            s->vstrsize += 16;
            s->vstring = sresize(s->vstring, s->vstrsize, char);
        }
        s->vstring[s->vslen++] = c;
        if (s->i >= 0) {
            if (c == '-') {
                s->version[s->i] = '\0';
                s->i = -1;
            } else if (s->i < sizeof(s->version) - 1)
                s->version[s->i++] = c;
        } else if (c == '\012')
            break;
    }

    ssh->agentfwd_enabled = FALSE;
    ssh->rdpkt2_state.incoming_sequence = 0;

    s->vstring[s->vslen] = 0;
    s->vstring[strcspn(s->vstring, "\015\012")] = '\0';/* remove EOL chars */
    {
        char *vlog;
        vlog = snewn(20 + s->vslen, char);
        sprintf(vlog, "Server version: %s", s->vstring);
        logevent(vlog);
        sfree(vlog);
    }
    ssh_detect_bugs(ssh, s->vstring);

    /*
     * Decide which SSH protocol version to support.
     */

    /* Anything strictly below "2.0" means protocol 1 is supported. */
    s->proto1 = ssh_versioncmp(s->version, "2.0") < 0;
    /* Anything greater or equal to "1.99" means protocol 2 is supported. */
    s->proto2 = ssh_versioncmp(s->version, "1.99") >= 0;

    if (ssh->cfg.sshprot == 0 && !s->proto1) {
        bombout(("SSH protocol version 1 required by user but not provided by server"));
        crStop(0);
    }
    if (ssh->cfg.sshprot == 3 && !s->proto2) {
        bombout(("SSH protocol version 2 required by user but not provided by server"));
        crStop(0);
    }

    {
        char *verstring;

        if (s->proto2 && (ssh->cfg.sshprot >= 2 || !s->proto1)) {
            /*
             * Construct a v2 version string.
             */
            verstring = dupprintf("SSH-2.0-%s\015\012", sshver);
            ssh->version = 2;
        } else {
            /*
             * Construct a v1 version string.
             */
            verstring = dupprintf("SSH-%s-%s\012",
                                  (ssh_versioncmp(s->version, "1.5") <= 0 ?
                                   s->version : "1.5"),
                                  sshver);
            ssh->version = 1;
        }

        ssh_fix_verstring(verstring);

        if (ssh->version == 2) {
            /*
             * Hash our version string and their version string.
             */
            SHA_Init(&ssh->exhashbase);
            sha_string(&ssh->exhashbase, verstring,
                       strcspn(verstring, "\015\012"));
            sha_string(&ssh->exhashbase, s->vstring,
                       strcspn(s->vstring, "\015\012"));

            /*
             * Initialise SSHv2 protocol.
             */
            ssh->protocol = ssh2_protocol;
            ssh2_protocol_setup(ssh);
            ssh->s_rdpkt = ssh2_rdpkt;
        } else {
            /*
             * Initialise SSHv1 protocol.
             */
            ssh->protocol = ssh1_protocol;
            ssh1_protocol_setup(ssh);
            ssh->s_rdpkt = ssh1_rdpkt;
        }
        logeventf(ssh, "We claim version: %.*s",
                  strcspn(verstring, "\015\012"), verstring);
        sk_write(ssh->s, verstring, strlen(verstring));
        sfree(verstring);
    }

    logeventf(ssh, "Using SSH protocol version %d", ssh->version);

    update_specials_menu(ssh->frontend);
    ssh->state = SSH_STATE_BEFORE_SIZE;
    ssh->pinger = pinger_new(&ssh->cfg, &ssh_backend, ssh);

    sfree(s->vstring);

    crFinish(0);
}

static void ssh_gotdata(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *data, int datalen)
{
    crBegin(ssh->ssh_gotdata_crstate);

    /*
     * To begin with, feed the characters one by one to the
     * protocol initialisation / selection function do_ssh_init().
     * When that returns 0, we're done with the initial greeting
     * exchange and can move on to packet discipline.
     */
    while (1) {
        int ret;                       /* need not be kept across crReturn */
        if (datalen == 0)
            crReturnV;                 /* more data please */
        ret = do_ssh_init(ssh, *data);
        data++;
        datalen--;
        if (ret == 0)
            break;
    }

    /*
     * We emerge from that loop when the initial negotiation is
     * over and we have selected an s_rdpkt function. Now pass
     * everything to s_rdpkt, and then pass the resulting packets
     * to the proper protocol handler.
     */
    if (datalen == 0)
        crReturnV;
    while (1) {
        while (datalen > 0) {
            struct Packet *pktin = ssh->s_rdpkt(ssh, &data, &datalen);
            if (pktin) {
                ssh->protocol(ssh, NULL, 0, pktin);
                ssh_free_packet(pktin);
            }
            if (ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED)
                return;
        }
        crReturnV;
    }
    crFinishV;
}

static int ssh_do_close(Ssh ssh, int notify_exit)
{
    int i, ret = 0;
    struct ssh_channel *c;

    ssh->state = SSH_STATE_CLOSED;
    if (ssh->s) {
        sk_close(ssh->s);
        ssh->s = NULL;
        if (notify_exit)
            notify_remote_exit(ssh->frontend);
        else
            ret = 1;
    }
    /*
     * Now we must shut down any port and X forwardings going
     * through this connection.
     */
    if (ssh->channels) {
        for (i = 0; NULL != (c = index234(ssh->channels, i)); i++) {
            switch (c->type) {
              case CHAN_X11:
                x11_close(c->u.x11.s);
                break;
              case CHAN_SOCKDATA:
                pfd_close(c->u.pfd.s);
                break;
            }
            del234(ssh->channels, c);
            if (ssh->version == 2)
                bufchain_clear(&c->v.v2.outbuffer);
            sfree(c);
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

static int ssh_closing(Plug plug, const char *error_msg, int error_code,
                       int calling_back)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) plug;
    int need_notify = ssh_do_close(ssh, FALSE);

    if (!error_msg && !ssh->close_expected) {
        error_msg = "Server unexpectedly closed network connection";
    }

    if (error_msg) {
        /* A socket error has occurred. */
        logevent(error_msg);
        connection_fatal(ssh->frontend, "%s", error_msg);
    } else {
        logevent("Server closed network connection");
    }
    if (need_notify)
        notify_remote_exit(ssh->frontend);
    return 0;
}

static int ssh_receive(Plug plug, int urgent, char *data, int len)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) plug;
    ssh_gotdata(ssh, (unsigned char *)data, len);
    if (ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED) {
        ssh_do_close(ssh, TRUE);
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

static void ssh_sent(Plug plug, int bufsize)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) plug;
    /*
     * If the send backlog on the SSH socket itself clears, we
     * should unthrottle the whole world if it was throttled.
     */
    if (bufsize < SSH_MAX_BACKLOG)
        ssh_throttle_all(ssh, 0, bufsize);
}

/*
 * Connect to specified host and port.
 * Returns an error message, or NULL on success.
 * Also places the canonical host name into `realhost'. It must be
 * freed by the caller.
 */
static const char *connect_to_host(Ssh ssh, char *host, int port,
                                   char **realhost, int nodelay, int keepalive)
{
    static const struct plug_function_table fn_table = {
        ssh_closing,
        ssh_receive,
        ssh_sent,
        NULL
    };

    SockAddr addr;
    const char *err;

    ssh->savedhost = snewn(1 + strlen(host), char);
    if (!ssh->savedhost)
        fatalbox("Out of memory");
    strcpy(ssh->savedhost, host);

    if (port < 0)
        port = 22;                     /* default ssh port */
    ssh->savedport = port;

    /*
     * Try to find host.
     */
    logeventf(ssh, "Looking up host \"%s\"%s", host,
              (ssh->cfg.addressfamily == ADDRTYPE_IPV4 ? " (IPv4)" :
               (ssh->cfg.addressfamily == ADDRTYPE_IPV6 ? " (IPv6)" : "")));
    addr = name_lookup(host, port, realhost, &ssh->cfg,
                       ssh->cfg.addressfamily);
    if ((err = sk_addr_error(addr)) != NULL) {
        sk_addr_free(addr);
        return err;
    }

    /*
     * Open socket.
     */
    {
        char addrbuf[100];
        sk_getaddr(addr, addrbuf, 100);
        logeventf(ssh, "Connecting to %s port %d", addrbuf, port);
    }
    ssh->fn = &fn_table;
    ssh->s = new_connection(addr, *realhost, port,
                            0, 1, nodelay, keepalive, (Plug) ssh, &ssh->cfg);
    if ((err = sk_socket_error(ssh->s)) != NULL) {
        ssh->s = NULL;
        notify_remote_exit(ssh->frontend);
        return err;
    }

    return NULL;
}

/*
 * Throttle or unthrottle the SSH connection.
 */
static void ssh1_throttle(Ssh ssh, int adjust)
{
    int old_count = ssh->v1_throttle_count;
    ssh->v1_throttle_count += adjust;
    assert(ssh->v1_throttle_count >= 0);
    if (ssh->v1_throttle_count && !old_count) {
        sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 1);
    } else if (!ssh->v1_throttle_count && old_count) {
        sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 0);
    }
}

/*
 * Throttle or unthrottle _all_ local data streams (for when sends
 * on the SSH connection itself back up).
 */
static void ssh_throttle_all(Ssh ssh, int enable, int bufsize)
{
    int i;
    struct ssh_channel *c;

    if (enable == ssh->throttled_all)
        return;
    ssh->throttled_all = enable;
    ssh->overall_bufsize = bufsize;
    if (!ssh->channels)
        return;
    for (i = 0; NULL != (c = index234(ssh->channels, i)); i++) {
        switch (c->type) {
          case CHAN_MAINSESSION:
            /*
             * This is treated separately, outside the switch.
             */
            break;
          case CHAN_X11:
            x11_override_throttle(c->u.x11.s, enable);
            break;
          case CHAN_AGENT:
            /* Agent channels require no buffer management. */
            break;
          case CHAN_SOCKDATA:
            pfd_override_throttle(c->u.pfd.s, enable);
            break;
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Username and password input, abstracted off into routines
 * reusable in several places - even between SSH1 and SSH2.
 */

/* Set up a username or password input loop on a given buffer. */
static void setup_userpass_input(Ssh ssh, char *buffer, int buflen, int echo)
{
    ssh->userpass_input_buffer = buffer;
    ssh->userpass_input_buflen = buflen;
    ssh->userpass_input_bufpos = 0;
    ssh->userpass_input_echo = echo;
}

/*
 * Process some terminal data in the course of username/password
 * input. Returns >0 for success (line of input returned in
 * buffer), <0 for failure (user hit ^C/^D, bomb out and exit), 0
 * for inconclusive (keep waiting for more input please).
 */
static int process_userpass_input(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen)
{
    char c;

    while (inlen--) {
        switch (c = *in++) {
          case 10:
          case 13:
            ssh->userpass_input_buffer[ssh->userpass_input_bufpos] = 0;
            ssh->userpass_input_buffer[ssh->userpass_input_buflen-1] = 0;
            return +1;
            break;
          case 8:
          case 127:
            if (ssh->userpass_input_bufpos > 0) {
                if (ssh->userpass_input_echo)
                    c_write_str(ssh, "\b \b");
                ssh->userpass_input_bufpos--;
            }
            break;
          case 21:
          case 27:
            while (ssh->userpass_input_bufpos > 0) {
                if (ssh->userpass_input_echo)
                    c_write_str(ssh, "\b \b");
                ssh->userpass_input_bufpos--;
            }
            break;
          case 3:
          case 4:
            return -1;
            break;
          default:
            /*
             * This simplistic check for printability is disabled
             * when we're doing password input, because some people
             * have control characters in their passwords.o
             */
            if ((!ssh->userpass_input_echo ||
                 (c >= ' ' && c <= '~') ||
                 ((unsigned char) c >= 160))
                && ssh->userpass_input_bufpos < ssh->userpass_input_buflen-1) {
                ssh->userpass_input_buffer[ssh->userpass_input_bufpos++] = c;
                if (ssh->userpass_input_echo)
                    c_write(ssh, &c, 1);
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void ssh_agent_callback(void *sshv, void *reply, int replylen)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) sshv;

    ssh->agent_response = reply;
    ssh->agent_response_len = replylen;

    if (ssh->version == 1)
        do_ssh1_login(ssh, NULL, -1, NULL);
    else
        do_ssh2_authconn(ssh, NULL, -1, NULL);
}

static void ssh_agentf_callback(void *cv, void *reply, int replylen)
{
    struct ssh_channel *c = (struct ssh_channel *)cv;
    Ssh ssh = c->ssh;
    void *sentreply = reply;

    if (!sentreply) {
        /* Fake SSH_AGENT_FAILURE. */
        sentreply = "\0\0\0\1\5";
        replylen = 5;
    }
    if (ssh->version == 2) {
        ssh2_add_channel_data(c, sentreply, replylen);
        ssh2_try_send(c);
    } else {
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA,
                    PKT_INT, c->remoteid,
                    PKTT_DATA,
                    PKT_INT, replylen,
                    PKT_DATA, sentreply, replylen,
                    PKTT_OTHER,
                    PKT_END);
    }
    if (reply)
        sfree(reply);
}

/*
 * Handle the key exchange and user authentication phases.
 */
static int do_ssh1_login(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                         struct Packet *pktin)
{
    int i, j, ret;
    unsigned char cookie[8], *ptr;
    struct RSAKey servkey, hostkey;
    struct MD5Context md5c;
    struct do_ssh1_login_state {
        int len;
        unsigned char *rsabuf, *keystr1, *keystr2;
        unsigned long supported_ciphers_mask, supported_auths_mask;
        int tried_publickey, tried_agent;
        int tis_auth_refused, ccard_auth_refused;
        unsigned char session_id[16];
        int cipher_type;
        char username[100];
        void *publickey_blob;
        int publickey_bloblen;
        char password[100];
        char prompt[200];
        int pos;
        char c;
        int pwpkt_type;
        unsigned char request[5], *response, *p;
        int responselen;
        int keyi, nkeys;
        int authed;
        struct RSAKey key;
        Bignum challenge;
        char *commentp;
        int commentlen;
    };
    crState(do_ssh1_login_state);

    crBegin(ssh->do_ssh1_login_crstate);

    if (!pktin)
        crWaitUntil(pktin);

    if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY) {
        bombout(("Public key packet not received"));
        crStop(0);
    }

    logevent("Received public keys");

    ptr = ssh_pkt_getdata(pktin, 8);
    if (!ptr) {
        bombout(("SSH1 public key packet stopped before random cookie"));
        crStop(0);
    }
    memcpy(cookie, ptr, 8);

    if (!ssh1_pkt_getrsakey(pktin, &servkey, &s->keystr1) ||
        !ssh1_pkt_getrsakey(pktin, &hostkey, &s->keystr2)) {    
        bombout(("Failed to read SSH1 public keys from public key packet"));
        crStop(0);
    }

    /*
     * Log the host key fingerprint.
     */
    {
        char logmsg[80];
        logevent("Host key fingerprint is:");
        strcpy(logmsg, "      ");
        hostkey.comment = NULL;
        rsa_fingerprint(logmsg + strlen(logmsg),
                        sizeof(logmsg) - strlen(logmsg), &hostkey);
        logevent(logmsg);
    }

    ssh->v1_remote_protoflags = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    s->supported_ciphers_mask = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    s->supported_auths_mask = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);

    ssh->v1_local_protoflags =
        ssh->v1_remote_protoflags & SSH1_PROTOFLAGS_SUPPORTED;
    ssh->v1_local_protoflags |= SSH1_PROTOFLAG_SCREEN_NUMBER;

    MD5Init(&md5c);
    MD5Update(&md5c, s->keystr2, hostkey.bytes);
    MD5Update(&md5c, s->keystr1, servkey.bytes);
    MD5Update(&md5c, cookie, 8);
    MD5Final(s->session_id, &md5c);

    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++)
        ssh->session_key[i] = random_byte();

    /*
     * Verify that the `bits' and `bytes' parameters match.
     */
    if (hostkey.bits > hostkey.bytes * 8 ||
        servkey.bits > servkey.bytes * 8) {
        bombout(("SSH1 public keys were badly formatted"));
        crStop(0);
    }

    s->len = (hostkey.bytes > servkey.bytes ? hostkey.bytes : servkey.bytes);

    s->rsabuf = snewn(s->len, unsigned char);
    if (!s->rsabuf)
        fatalbox("Out of memory");

    /*
     * Verify the host key.
     */
    {
        /*
         * First format the key into a string.
         */
        int len = rsastr_len(&hostkey);
        char fingerprint[100];
        char *keystr = snewn(len, char);
        if (!keystr)
            fatalbox("Out of memory");
        rsastr_fmt(keystr, &hostkey);
        rsa_fingerprint(fingerprint, sizeof(fingerprint), &hostkey);
        verify_ssh_host_key(ssh->frontend,
                            ssh->savedhost, ssh->savedport, "rsa", keystr,
                            fingerprint);
        sfree(keystr);
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
        s->rsabuf[i] = ssh->session_key[i];
        if (i < 16)
            s->rsabuf[i] ^= s->session_id[i];
    }

    if (hostkey.bytes > servkey.bytes) {
        ret = rsaencrypt(s->rsabuf, 32, &servkey);
        if (ret)
            ret = rsaencrypt(s->rsabuf, servkey.bytes, &hostkey);
    } else {
        ret = rsaencrypt(s->rsabuf, 32, &hostkey);
        if (ret)
            ret = rsaencrypt(s->rsabuf, hostkey.bytes, &servkey);
    }
    if (!ret) {
        bombout(("SSH1 public key encryptions failed due to bad formatting"));
        crStop(0);      
    }

    logevent("Encrypted session key");

    {
        int cipher_chosen = 0, warn = 0;
        char *cipher_string = NULL;
        int i;
        for (i = 0; !cipher_chosen && i < CIPHER_MAX; i++) {
            int next_cipher = ssh->cfg.ssh_cipherlist[i];
            if (next_cipher == CIPHER_WARN) {
                /* If/when we choose a cipher, warn about it */
                warn = 1;
            } else if (next_cipher == CIPHER_AES) {
                /* XXX Probably don't need to mention this. */
                logevent("AES not supported in SSH1, skipping");
            } else {
                switch (next_cipher) {
                  case CIPHER_3DES:     s->cipher_type = SSH_CIPHER_3DES;
                                        cipher_string = "3DES"; break;
                  case CIPHER_BLOWFISH: s->cipher_type = SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH;
                                        cipher_string = "Blowfish"; break;
                  case CIPHER_DES:      s->cipher_type = SSH_CIPHER_DES;
                                        cipher_string = "single-DES"; break;
                }
                if (s->supported_ciphers_mask & (1 << s->cipher_type))
                    cipher_chosen = 1;
            }
        }
        if (!cipher_chosen) {
            if ((s->supported_ciphers_mask & (1 << SSH_CIPHER_3DES)) == 0)
                bombout(("Server violates SSH 1 protocol by not "
                         "supporting 3DES encryption"));
            else
                /* shouldn't happen */
                bombout(("No supported ciphers found"));
            crStop(0);
        }

        /* Warn about chosen cipher if necessary. */
        if (warn) {
            sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 1);
            askalg(ssh->frontend, "cipher", cipher_string);
            sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 0);
        }
    }

    switch (s->cipher_type) {
      case SSH_CIPHER_3DES:
        logevent("Using 3DES encryption");
        break;
      case SSH_CIPHER_DES:
        logevent("Using single-DES encryption");
        break;
      case SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH:
        logevent("Using Blowfish encryption");
        break;
    }

    send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_SESSION_KEY,
                PKT_CHAR, s->cipher_type,
                PKT_DATA, cookie, 8,
                PKT_CHAR, (s->len * 8) >> 8, PKT_CHAR, (s->len * 8) & 0xFF,
                PKT_DATA, s->rsabuf, s->len,
                PKT_INT, ssh->v1_local_protoflags, PKT_END);

    logevent("Trying to enable encryption...");

    sfree(s->rsabuf);

    ssh->cipher = (s->cipher_type == SSH_CIPHER_BLOWFISH ? &ssh_blowfish_ssh1 :
                   s->cipher_type == SSH_CIPHER_DES ? &ssh_des :
                   &ssh_3des);
    ssh->v1_cipher_ctx = ssh->cipher->make_context();
    ssh->cipher->sesskey(ssh->v1_cipher_ctx, ssh->session_key);
    logeventf(ssh, "Initialised %s encryption", ssh->cipher->text_name);

    ssh->crcda_ctx = crcda_make_context();
    logevent("Installing CRC compensation attack detector");

    if (servkey.modulus) {
        sfree(servkey.modulus);
        servkey.modulus = NULL;
    }
    if (servkey.exponent) {
        sfree(servkey.exponent);
        servkey.exponent = NULL;
    }
    if (hostkey.modulus) {
        sfree(hostkey.modulus);
        hostkey.modulus = NULL;
    }
    if (hostkey.exponent) {
        sfree(hostkey.exponent);
        hostkey.exponent = NULL;
    }
    crWaitUntil(pktin);

    if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
        bombout(("Encryption not successfully enabled"));
        crStop(0);
    }

    logevent("Successfully started encryption");

    fflush(stdout);
    {
        if (!*ssh->cfg.username) {
            if (ssh_get_line && !ssh_getline_pw_only) {
                if (!ssh_get_line("login as: ",
                                  s->username, sizeof(s->username), FALSE)) {
                    /*
                     * get_line failed to get a username.
                     * Terminate.
                     */
                    logevent("No username provided. Abandoning session.");
                    ssh->close_expected = TRUE;
                    ssh_closing((Plug)ssh, NULL, 0, 0);
                    crStop(1);
                }
            } else {
                int ret;               /* need not be kept over crReturn */
                c_write_str(ssh, "login as: ");
                ssh->send_ok = 1;

                setup_userpass_input(ssh, s->username, sizeof(s->username), 1);
                do {
                    crWaitUntil(!pktin);
                    ret = process_userpass_input(ssh, in, inlen);
                } while (ret == 0);
                if (ret < 0)
                    cleanup_exit(0);
                c_write_str(ssh, "\r\n");
            }
        } else {
            strncpy(s->username, ssh->cfg.username, sizeof(s->username));
            s->username[sizeof(s->username)-1] = '\0';
        }

        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_USER, PKT_STR, s->username, PKT_END);
        {
            char userlog[22 + sizeof(s->username)];
            sprintf(userlog, "Sent username \"%s\"", s->username);
            logevent(userlog);
            if (flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE &&
                (!((flags & FLAG_STDERR) && (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE)))) {
                strcat(userlog, "\r\n");
                c_write_str(ssh, userlog);
            }
        }
    }

    crWaitUntil(pktin);

    if ((ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_CHOKES_ON_RSA)) {
        /* We must not attempt PK auth. Pretend we've already tried it. */
        s->tried_publickey = s->tried_agent = 1;
    } else {
        s->tried_publickey = s->tried_agent = 0;
    }
    s->tis_auth_refused = s->ccard_auth_refused = 0;
    /* Load the public half of ssh->cfg.keyfile so we notice if it's in Pageant */
    if (!filename_is_null(ssh->cfg.keyfile)) {
        if (!rsakey_pubblob(&ssh->cfg.keyfile,
                            &s->publickey_blob, &s->publickey_bloblen, NULL))
            s->publickey_blob = NULL;
    } else
        s->publickey_blob = NULL;

    while (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
        s->pwpkt_type = SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD;

        if (agent_exists() && !s->tried_agent) {
            /*
             * Attempt RSA authentication using Pageant.
             */
            void *r;

            s->authed = FALSE;
            s->tried_agent = 1;
            logevent("Pageant is running. Requesting keys.");

            /* Request the keys held by the agent. */
            PUT_32BIT(s->request, 1);
            s->request[4] = SSH1_AGENTC_REQUEST_RSA_IDENTITIES;
            if (!agent_query(s->request, 5, &r, &s->responselen,
                             ssh_agent_callback, ssh)) {
                do {
                    crReturn(0);
                    if (pktin) {
                        bombout(("Unexpected data from server while waiting"
                                 " for agent response"));
                        crStop(0);
                    }
                } while (pktin || inlen > 0);
                r = ssh->agent_response;
                s->responselen = ssh->agent_response_len;
            }
            s->response = (unsigned char *) r;
            if (s->response && s->responselen >= 5 &&
                s->response[4] == SSH1_AGENT_RSA_IDENTITIES_ANSWER) {
                s->p = s->response + 5;
                s->nkeys = GET_32BIT(s->p);
                s->p += 4;
                {
                    char buf[64];
                    sprintf(buf, "Pageant has %d SSH1 keys", s->nkeys);
                    logevent(buf);
                }
                for (s->keyi = 0; s->keyi < s->nkeys; s->keyi++) {
                    {
                        char buf[64];
                        sprintf(buf, "Trying Pageant key #%d", s->keyi);
                        logevent(buf);
                    }
                    if (s->publickey_blob &&
                        !memcmp(s->p, s->publickey_blob,
                                s->publickey_bloblen)) {
                        logevent("This key matches configured key file");
                        s->tried_publickey = 1;
                    }
                    s->p += 4;
                    {
                        int n, ok = FALSE;
                        do {           /* do while (0) to make breaking easy */
                            n = ssh1_read_bignum
                                (s->p, s->responselen-(s->p-s->response),
                                 &s->key.exponent);
                            if (n < 0)
                                break;
                            s->p += n;
                            n = ssh1_read_bignum
                                (s->p, s->responselen-(s->p-s->response),
                                 &s->key.modulus);
                            if (n < 0)
                            break;
                            s->p += n;
                            if (s->responselen - (s->p-s->response) < 4)
                                break;
                            s->commentlen = GET_32BIT(s->p);
                            s->p += 4;
                            if (s->responselen - (s->p-s->response) <
                                s->commentlen)
                                break;
                            s->commentp = (char *)s->p;
                            s->p += s->commentlen;
                            ok = TRUE;
                        } while (0);
                        if (!ok) {
                            logevent("Pageant key list packet was truncated");
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA,
                                PKT_BIGNUM, s->key.modulus, PKT_END);
                    crWaitUntil(pktin);
                    if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_RSA_CHALLENGE) {
                        logevent("Key refused");
                        continue;
                    }
                    logevent("Received RSA challenge");
                    if ((s->challenge = ssh1_pkt_getmp(pktin)) == NULL) {
                        bombout(("Server's RSA challenge was badly formatted"));
                        crStop(0);
                    }

                    {
                        char *agentreq, *q, *ret;
                        void *vret;
                        int len, retlen;
                        len = 1 + 4;   /* message type, bit count */
                        len += ssh1_bignum_length(s->key.exponent);
                        len += ssh1_bignum_length(s->key.modulus);
                        len += ssh1_bignum_length(s->challenge);
                        len += 16;     /* session id */
                        len += 4;      /* response format */
                        agentreq = snewn(4 + len, char);
                        PUT_32BIT(agentreq, len);
                        q = agentreq + 4;
                        *q++ = SSH1_AGENTC_RSA_CHALLENGE;
                        PUT_32BIT(q, bignum_bitcount(s->key.modulus));
                        q += 4;
                        q += ssh1_write_bignum(q, s->key.exponent);
                        q += ssh1_write_bignum(q, s->key.modulus);
                        q += ssh1_write_bignum(q, s->challenge);
                        memcpy(q, s->session_id, 16);
                        q += 16;
                        PUT_32BIT(q, 1);        /* response format */
                        if (!agent_query(agentreq, len + 4, &vret, &retlen,
                                         ssh_agent_callback, ssh)) {
                            sfree(agentreq);
                            do {
                                crReturn(0);
                                if (pktin) {
                                    bombout(("Unexpected data from server"
                                             " while waiting for agent"
                                             " response"));
                                    crStop(0);
                                }
                            } while (pktin || inlen > 0);
                            vret = ssh->agent_response;
                            retlen = ssh->agent_response_len;
                        } else
                            sfree(agentreq);
                        ret = vret;
                        if (ret) {
                            if (ret[4] == SSH1_AGENT_RSA_RESPONSE) {
                                logevent("Sending Pageant's response");
                                send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA_RESPONSE,
                                            PKT_DATA, ret + 5, 16,
                                            PKT_END);
                                sfree(ret);
                                crWaitUntil(pktin);
                                if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
                                    logevent
                                        ("Pageant's response accepted");
                                    if (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE) {
                                        c_write_str(ssh, "Authenticated using"
                                                    " RSA key \"");
                                        c_write(ssh, s->commentp,
                                                s->commentlen);
                                        c_write_str(ssh, "\" from agent\r\n");
                                    }
                                    s->authed = TRUE;
                                } else
                                    logevent
                                        ("Pageant's response not accepted");
                            } else {
                                logevent
                                    ("Pageant failed to answer challenge");
                                sfree(ret);
                            }
                        } else {
                            logevent("No reply received from Pageant");
                        }
                    }
                    freebn(s->key.exponent);
                    freebn(s->key.modulus);
                    freebn(s->challenge);
                    if (s->authed)
                        break;
                }
                sfree(s->response);
            }
            if (s->authed)
                break;
        }
        if (!filename_is_null(ssh->cfg.keyfile) && !s->tried_publickey)
            s->pwpkt_type = SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA;

        if (ssh->cfg.try_tis_auth &&
            (s->supported_auths_mask & (1 << SSH1_AUTH_TIS)) &&
            !s->tis_auth_refused) {
            s->pwpkt_type = SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_TIS_RESPONSE;
            logevent("Requested TIS authentication");
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_TIS, PKT_END);
            crWaitUntil(pktin);
            if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_TIS_CHALLENGE) {
                logevent("TIS authentication declined");
                if (flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE)
                    c_write_str(ssh, "TIS authentication refused.\r\n");
                s->tis_auth_refused = 1;
                continue;
            } else {
                char *challenge;
                int challengelen;

                ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &challenge, &challengelen);
                if (!challenge) {
                    bombout(("TIS challenge packet was badly formed"));
                    crStop(0);
                }
                logevent("Received TIS challenge");
                if (challengelen > sizeof(s->prompt) - 1)
                    challengelen = sizeof(s->prompt) - 1;/* prevent overrun */
                memcpy(s->prompt, challenge, challengelen);
                /* Prompt heuristic comes from OpenSSH */
                strncpy(s->prompt + challengelen,
                        memchr(s->prompt, '\n', challengelen) ?
                        "": "\r\nResponse: ",
                        (sizeof s->prompt) - challengelen);
                s->prompt[(sizeof s->prompt) - 1] = '\0';
            }
        }
        if (ssh->cfg.try_tis_auth &&
            (s->supported_auths_mask & (1 << SSH1_AUTH_CCARD)) &&
            !s->ccard_auth_refused) {
            s->pwpkt_type = SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_CCARD_RESPONSE;
            logevent("Requested CryptoCard authentication");
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_CCARD, PKT_END);
            crWaitUntil(pktin);
            if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_CCARD_CHALLENGE) {
                logevent("CryptoCard authentication declined");
                c_write_str(ssh, "CryptoCard authentication refused.\r\n");
                s->ccard_auth_refused = 1;
                continue;
            } else {
                char *challenge;
                int challengelen;

                ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &challenge, &challengelen);
                if (!challenge) {
                    bombout(("CryptoCard challenge packet was badly formed"));
                    crStop(0);
                }
                logevent("Received CryptoCard challenge");
                if (challengelen > sizeof(s->prompt) - 1)
                    challengelen = sizeof(s->prompt) - 1;/* prevent overrun */
                memcpy(s->prompt, challenge, challengelen);
                strncpy(s->prompt + challengelen,
                        memchr(s->prompt, '\n', challengelen) ?
                        "" : "\r\nResponse: ",
                        sizeof(s->prompt) - challengelen);
                s->prompt[sizeof(s->prompt) - 1] = '\0';
            }
        }
        if (s->pwpkt_type == SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD) {
            sprintf(s->prompt, "%.90s@%.90s's password: ",
                    s->username, ssh->savedhost);
        }
        if (s->pwpkt_type == SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA) {
            char *comment = NULL;
            int type;
            char msgbuf[256];
            if (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE)
                c_write_str(ssh, "Trying public key authentication.\r\n");
            logeventf(ssh, "Trying public key \"%s\"",
                      filename_to_str(&ssh->cfg.keyfile));
            type = key_type(&ssh->cfg.keyfile);
            if (type != SSH_KEYTYPE_SSH1) {
                sprintf(msgbuf, "Key is of wrong type (%s)",
                        key_type_to_str(type));
                logevent(msgbuf);
                c_write_str(ssh, msgbuf);
                c_write_str(ssh, "\r\n");
                s->tried_publickey = 1;
                continue;
            }
            if (!rsakey_encrypted(&ssh->cfg.keyfile, &comment)) {
                if (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE)
                    c_write_str(ssh, "No passphrase required.\r\n");
                goto tryauth;
            }
            sprintf(s->prompt, "Passphrase for key \"%.100s\": ", comment);
            sfree(comment);
        }

        /*
         * Show password prompt, having first obtained it via a TIS
         * or CryptoCard exchange if we're doing TIS or CryptoCard
         * authentication.
         */
        if (ssh_get_line) {
            if (!ssh_get_line(s->prompt, s->password,
                              sizeof(s->password), TRUE)) {
                /*
                 * get_line failed to get a password (for example
                 * because one was supplied on the command line
                 * which has already failed to work). Terminate.
                 */
                send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT,
                            PKT_STR, "No more passwords available to try",
                            PKT_END);
                logevent("Unable to authenticate");
                connection_fatal(ssh->frontend, "Unable to authenticate");
                ssh->close_expected = TRUE;
                ssh_closing((Plug)ssh, NULL, 0, 0);
                crStop(1);
            }
        } else {
            /* Prompt may have come from server. We've munged it a bit, so
             * we know it to be zero-terminated at least once. */
            int ret;                   /* need not be saved over crReturn */
            c_write_untrusted(ssh, s->prompt, strlen(s->prompt));
            s->pos = 0;

            setup_userpass_input(ssh, s->password, sizeof(s->password), 0);
            do {
                crWaitUntil(!pktin);
                ret = process_userpass_input(ssh, in, inlen);
            } while (ret == 0);
            if (ret < 0)
                cleanup_exit(0);
            c_write_str(ssh, "\r\n");
        }

      tryauth:
        if (s->pwpkt_type == SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA) {
            /*
             * Try public key authentication with the specified
             * key file.
             */
            s->tried_publickey = 1;
            
            {
                const char *error = NULL;
                int ret = loadrsakey(&ssh->cfg.keyfile, &s->key, s->password,
                                     &error);
                if (ret == 0) {
                    c_write_str(ssh, "Couldn't load private key from ");
                    c_write_str(ssh, filename_to_str(&ssh->cfg.keyfile));
                    c_write_str(ssh, " (");
                    c_write_str(ssh, error);
                    c_write_str(ssh, ").\r\n");
                    continue;          /* go and try password */
                }
                if (ret == -1) {
                    c_write_str(ssh, "Wrong passphrase.\r\n");
                    s->tried_publickey = 0;
                    continue;          /* try again */
                }
            }

            /*
             * Send a public key attempt.
             */
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA,
                        PKT_BIGNUM, s->key.modulus, PKT_END);

            crWaitUntil(pktin);
            if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
                c_write_str(ssh, "Server refused our public key.\r\n");
                continue;              /* go and try password */
            }
            if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_AUTH_RSA_CHALLENGE) {
                bombout(("Bizarre response to offer of public key"));
                crStop(0);
            }

            {
                int i;
                unsigned char buffer[32];
                Bignum challenge, response;

                if ((challenge = ssh1_pkt_getmp(pktin)) == NULL) {
                    bombout(("Server's RSA challenge was badly formatted"));
                    crStop(0);
                }
                response = rsadecrypt(challenge, &s->key);
                freebn(s->key.private_exponent);/* burn the evidence */

                for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
                    buffer[i] = bignum_byte(response, 31 - i);
                }

                MD5Init(&md5c);
                MD5Update(&md5c, buffer, 32);
                MD5Update(&md5c, s->session_id, 16);
                MD5Final(buffer, &md5c);

                send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_RSA_RESPONSE,
                            PKT_DATA, buffer, 16, PKT_END);

                freebn(challenge);
                freebn(response);
            }

            crWaitUntil(pktin);
            if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
                if (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE)
                    c_write_str(ssh, "Failed to authenticate with"
                                " our public key.\r\n");
                continue;              /* go and try password */
            } else if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
                bombout(("Bizarre response to RSA authentication response"));
                crStop(0);
            }

            break;                     /* we're through! */
        } else {
            if (s->pwpkt_type == SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD) {
                /*
                 * Defence against traffic analysis: we send a
                 * whole bunch of packets containing strings of
                 * different lengths. One of these strings is the
                 * password, in a SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD packet.
                 * The others are all random data in
                 * SSH1_MSG_IGNORE packets. This way a passive
                 * listener can't tell which is the password, and
                 * hence can't deduce the password length.
                 * 
                 * Anybody with a password length greater than 16
                 * bytes is going to have enough entropy in their
                 * password that a listener won't find it _that_
                 * much help to know how long it is. So what we'll
                 * do is:
                 * 
                 *  - if password length < 16, we send 15 packets
                 *    containing string lengths 1 through 15
                 * 
                 *  - otherwise, we let N be the nearest multiple
                 *    of 8 below the password length, and send 8
                 *    packets containing string lengths N through
                 *    N+7. This won't obscure the order of
                 *    magnitude of the password length, but it will
                 *    introduce a bit of extra uncertainty.
                 * 
                 * A few servers (the old 1.2.18 through 1.2.22)
                 * can't deal with SSH1_MSG_IGNORE. For these
                 * servers, we need an alternative defence. We make
                 * use of the fact that the password is interpreted
                 * as a C string: so we can append a NUL, then some
                 * random data.
                 * 
                 * One server (a Cisco one) can deal with neither
                 * SSH1_MSG_IGNORE _nor_ a padded password string.
                 * For this server we are left with no defences
                 * against password length sniffing.
                 */
                if (!(ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_CHOKES_ON_SSH1_IGNORE)) {
                    /*
                     * The server can deal with SSH1_MSG_IGNORE, so
                     * we can use the primary defence.
                     */
                    int bottom, top, pwlen, i;
                    char *randomstr;

                    pwlen = strlen(s->password);
                    if (pwlen < 16) {
                        bottom = 0;    /* zero length passwords are OK! :-) */
                        top = 15;
                    } else {
                        bottom = pwlen & ~7;
                        top = bottom + 7;
                    }

                    assert(pwlen >= bottom && pwlen <= top);

                    randomstr = snewn(top + 1, char);

                    for (i = bottom; i <= top; i++) {
                        if (i == pwlen) {
                            defer_packet(ssh, s->pwpkt_type,
                                         PKTT_PASSWORD, PKT_STR, s->password,
                                         PKTT_OTHER, PKT_END);
                        } else {
                            for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                                do {
                                    randomstr[j] = random_byte();
                                } while (randomstr[j] == '\0');
                            }
                            randomstr[i] = '\0';
                            defer_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_IGNORE,
                                         PKT_STR, randomstr, PKT_END);
                        }
                    }
                    logevent("Sending password with camouflage packets");
                    ssh_pkt_defersend(ssh);
                    sfree(randomstr);
                } 
                else if (!(ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_NEEDS_SSH1_PLAIN_PASSWORD)) {
                    /*
                     * The server can't deal with SSH1_MSG_IGNORE
                     * but can deal with padded passwords, so we
                     * can use the secondary defence.
                     */
                    char string[64];
                    char *ss;
                    int len;

                    len = strlen(s->password);
                    if (len < sizeof(string)) {
                        ss = string;
                        strcpy(string, s->password);
                        len++;         /* cover the zero byte */
                        while (len < sizeof(string)) {
                            string[len++] = (char) random_byte();
                        }
                    } else {
                        ss = s->password;
                    }
                    logevent("Sending length-padded password");
                    send_packet(ssh, s->pwpkt_type, PKTT_PASSWORD,
                                PKT_INT, len, PKT_DATA, ss, len,
                                PKTT_OTHER, PKT_END);
                } else {
                    /*
                     * The server has _both_
                     * BUG_CHOKES_ON_SSH1_IGNORE and
                     * BUG_NEEDS_SSH1_PLAIN_PASSWORD. There is
                     * therefore nothing we can do.
                     */
                    int len;
                    len = strlen(s->password);
                    logevent("Sending unpadded password");
                    send_packet(ssh, s->pwpkt_type,
                                PKTT_PASSWORD, PKT_INT, len,
                                PKT_DATA, s->password, len,
                                PKTT_OTHER, PKT_END);
                }
            } else {
                send_packet(ssh, s->pwpkt_type, PKTT_PASSWORD,
                            PKT_STR, s->password, PKTT_OTHER, PKT_END);
            }
        }
        logevent("Sent password");
        memset(s->password, 0, strlen(s->password));
        crWaitUntil(pktin);
        if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            if (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE)
                c_write_str(ssh, "Access denied\r\n");
            logevent("Authentication refused");
        } else if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
            bombout(("Strange packet received, type %d", pktin->type));
            crStop(0);
        }
    }

    logevent("Authentication successful");

    crFinish(1);
}

void sshfwd_close(struct ssh_channel *c)
{
    Ssh ssh = c->ssh;

    if (ssh->state != SSH_STATE_SESSION) {
        assert(ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED);
        return;
    }

    if (c && !c->closes) {
        /*
         * If the channel's remoteid is -1, we have sent
         * CHANNEL_OPEN for this channel, but it hasn't even been
         * acknowledged by the server. So we must set a close flag
         * on it now, and then when the server acks the channel
         * open, we can close it then.
         */
        if (((int)c->remoteid) != -1) {
            if (ssh->version == 1) {
                send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE, PKT_INT, c->remoteid,
                            PKT_END);
            } else {
                struct Packet *pktout;
                pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE);
                ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->remoteid);
                ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
            }
        }
        c->closes = 1;                 /* sent MSG_CLOSE */
        if (c->type == CHAN_X11) {
            c->u.x11.s = NULL;
            logevent("Forwarded X11 connection terminated");
        } else if (c->type == CHAN_SOCKDATA ||
                   c->type == CHAN_SOCKDATA_DORMANT) {
            c->u.pfd.s = NULL;
            logevent("Forwarded port closed");
        }
    }
}

int sshfwd_write(struct ssh_channel *c, char *buf, int len)
{
    Ssh ssh = c->ssh;

    if (ssh->state != SSH_STATE_SESSION) {
        assert(ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED);
        return 0;
    }

    if (ssh->version == 1) {
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA,
                    PKT_INT, c->remoteid,
                    PKTT_DATA,
                    PKT_INT, len, PKT_DATA, buf, len,
                    PKTT_OTHER, PKT_END);
        /*
         * In SSH1 we can return 0 here - implying that forwarded
         * connections are never individually throttled - because
         * the only circumstance that can cause throttling will be
         * the whole SSH connection backing up, in which case
         * _everything_ will be throttled as a whole.
         */
        return 0;
    } else {
        ssh2_add_channel_data(c, buf, len);
        return ssh2_try_send(c);
    }
}

void sshfwd_unthrottle(struct ssh_channel *c, int bufsize)
{
    Ssh ssh = c->ssh;

    if (ssh->state != SSH_STATE_SESSION) {
        assert(ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED);
        return;
    }

    if (ssh->version == 1) {
        if (c->v.v1.throttling && bufsize < SSH1_BUFFER_LIMIT) {
            c->v.v1.throttling = 0;
            ssh1_throttle(ssh, -1);
        }
    } else {
        ssh2_set_window(c, OUR_V2_WINSIZE - bufsize);
    }
}

static void ssh_queueing_handler(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    struct queued_handler *qh = ssh->qhead;

    assert(qh != NULL);

    assert(pktin->type == qh->msg1 || pktin->type == qh->msg2);

    if (qh->msg1 > 0) {
        assert(ssh->packet_dispatch[qh->msg1] == ssh_queueing_handler);
        ssh->packet_dispatch[qh->msg1] = NULL;
    }
    if (qh->msg2 > 0) {
        assert(ssh->packet_dispatch[qh->msg2] == ssh_queueing_handler);
        ssh->packet_dispatch[qh->msg2] = NULL;
    }

    if (qh->next) {
        ssh->qhead = qh->next;

        if (ssh->qhead->msg1 > 0) {
            assert(ssh->packet_dispatch[ssh->qhead->msg1] == NULL);
            ssh->packet_dispatch[ssh->qhead->msg1] = ssh_queueing_handler;
        }
        if (ssh->qhead->msg2 > 0) {
            assert(ssh->packet_dispatch[ssh->qhead->msg2] == NULL);
            ssh->packet_dispatch[ssh->qhead->msg2] = ssh_queueing_handler;
        }
    } else {
        ssh->qhead = ssh->qtail = NULL;
        ssh->packet_dispatch[pktin->type] = NULL;
    }

    qh->handler(ssh, pktin, qh->ctx);

    sfree(qh);
}

static void ssh_queue_handler(Ssh ssh, int msg1, int msg2,
                              chandler_fn_t handler, void *ctx)
{
    struct queued_handler *qh;

    qh = snew(struct queued_handler);
    qh->msg1 = msg1;
    qh->msg2 = msg2;
    qh->handler = handler;
    qh->ctx = ctx;
    qh->next = NULL;

    if (ssh->qtail == NULL) {
        ssh->qhead = qh;

        if (qh->msg1 > 0) {
            assert(ssh->packet_dispatch[qh->msg1] == NULL);
            ssh->packet_dispatch[qh->msg1] = ssh_queueing_handler;
        }
        if (qh->msg2 > 0) {
            assert(ssh->packet_dispatch[qh->msg2] == NULL);
            ssh->packet_dispatch[qh->msg2] = ssh_queueing_handler;
        }
    } else {
        ssh->qtail->next = qh;
    }
    ssh->qtail = qh;
}

static void ssh_rportfwd_succfail(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin, void *ctx)
{
    struct ssh_rportfwd *rpf, *pf = (struct ssh_rportfwd *)ctx;

    if (pktin->type == (ssh->version == 1 ? SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS :
                        SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS)) {
        logeventf(ssh, "Remote port forwarding from %s enabled",
                  pf->sportdesc);
    } else {
        logeventf(ssh, "Remote port forwarding from %s refused",
                  pf->sportdesc);

        rpf = del234(ssh->rportfwds, pf);
        assert(rpf == pf);
        free_rportfwd(pf);
    }
}

static void ssh_setup_portfwd(Ssh ssh, const Config *cfg)
{
    const char *portfwd_strptr = cfg->portfwd;
    struct ssh_portfwd *epf;
    int i;

    if (!ssh->portfwds) {
        ssh->portfwds = newtree234(ssh_portcmp);
    } else {
        /*
         * Go through the existing port forwardings and tag them
         * with status==DESTROY. Any that we want to keep will be
         * re-enabled (status==KEEP) as we go through the
         * configuration and find out which bits are the same as
         * they were before.
         */
        struct ssh_portfwd *epf;
        int i;
        for (i = 0; (epf = index234(ssh->portfwds, i)) != NULL; i++)
            epf->status = DESTROY;
    }

    while (*portfwd_strptr) {
        char address_family, type;
        int sport,dport,sserv,dserv;
        char sports[256], dports[256], saddr[256], host[256];
        int n;

        address_family = 'A';
        type = 'L';
        if (*portfwd_strptr == 'A' ||
            *portfwd_strptr == '4' ||
            *portfwd_strptr == '6')
            address_family = *portfwd_strptr++;
        if (*portfwd_strptr == 'L' ||
            *portfwd_strptr == 'R' ||
            *portfwd_strptr == 'D')
            type = *portfwd_strptr++;

        saddr[0] = '\0';

        n = 0;
        while (*portfwd_strptr && *portfwd_strptr != '\t') {
            if (*portfwd_strptr == ':') {
                /*
                 * We've seen a colon in the middle of the
                 * source port number. This means that
                 * everything we've seen until now is the
                 * source _address_, so we'll move it into
                 * saddr and start sports from the beginning
                 * again.
                 */
                portfwd_strptr++;
                sports[n] = '\0';
                if (ssh->version == 1 && type == 'R') {
                    logeventf(ssh, "SSH1 cannot handle remote source address "
                              "spec \"%s\"; ignoring", sports);
                } else
                    strcpy(saddr, sports);
                n = 0;
            }
            if (n < 255) sports[n++] = *portfwd_strptr++;
        }
        sports[n] = 0;
        if (type != 'D') {
            if (*portfwd_strptr == '\t')
                portfwd_strptr++;
            n = 0;
            while (*portfwd_strptr && *portfwd_strptr != ':') {
                if (n < 255) host[n++] = *portfwd_strptr++;
            }
            host[n] = 0;
            if (*portfwd_strptr == ':')
                portfwd_strptr++;
            n = 0;
            while (*portfwd_strptr) {
                if (n < 255) dports[n++] = *portfwd_strptr++;
            }
            dports[n] = 0;
            portfwd_strptr++;
            dport = atoi(dports);
            dserv = 0;
            if (dport == 0) {
                dserv = 1;
                dport = net_service_lookup(dports);
                if (!dport) {
                    logeventf(ssh, "Service lookup failed for destination"
                              " port \"%s\"", dports);
                }
            }
        } else {
            while (*portfwd_strptr) portfwd_strptr++;
            dport = dserv = -1;
            portfwd_strptr++;          /* eat the NUL and move to next one */
        }
        sport = atoi(sports);
        sserv = 0;
        if (sport == 0) {
            sserv = 1;
            sport = net_service_lookup(sports);
            if (!sport) {
                logeventf(ssh, "Service lookup failed for source"
                          " port \"%s\"", sports);
            }
        }
        if (sport && dport) {
            /* Set up a description of the source port. */
            struct ssh_portfwd *pfrec, *epfrec;

            pfrec = snew(struct ssh_portfwd);
            pfrec->type = type;
            pfrec->saddr = *saddr ? dupstr(saddr) : NULL;
            pfrec->sserv = sserv ? dupstr(sports) : NULL;
            pfrec->sport = sport;
            pfrec->daddr = *host ? dupstr(host) : NULL;
            pfrec->dserv = dserv ? dupstr(dports) : NULL;
            pfrec->dport = dport;
            pfrec->local = NULL;
            pfrec->remote = NULL;
            pfrec->addressfamily = (address_family == '4' ? ADDRTYPE_IPV4 :
                                    address_family == '6' ? ADDRTYPE_IPV6 :
                                    ADDRTYPE_UNSPEC);

            epfrec = add234(ssh->portfwds, pfrec);
            if (epfrec != pfrec) {
                /*
                 * We already have a port forwarding with precisely
                 * these parameters. Hence, no need to do anything;
                 * simply tag the existing one as KEEP.
                 */
                epfrec->status = KEEP;
                free_portfwd(pfrec);
            } else {
                pfrec->status = CREATE;
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Now go through and destroy any port forwardings which were
     * not re-enabled.
     */
    for (i = 0; (epf = index234(ssh->portfwds, i)) != NULL; i++)
        if (epf->status == DESTROY) {
            char *message;

            message = dupprintf("%s port forwarding from %s%s%d",
                                epf->type == 'L' ? "local" :
                                epf->type == 'R' ? "remote" : "dynamic",
                                epf->saddr ? epf->saddr : "",
                                epf->saddr ? ":" : "",
                                epf->sport);

            if (epf->type != 'D') {
                char *msg2 = dupprintf("%s to %s:%d", message,
                                       epf->daddr, epf->dport);
                sfree(message);
                message = msg2;
            }

            logeventf(ssh, "Cancelling %s", message);
            sfree(message);

            if (epf->remote) {
                struct ssh_rportfwd *rpf = epf->remote;
                struct Packet *pktout;

                /*
                 * Cancel the port forwarding at the server
                 * end.
                 */
                if (ssh->version == 1) {
                    /*
                     * We cannot cancel listening ports on the
                     * server side in SSH1! There's no message
                     * to support it. Instead, we simply remove
                     * the rportfwd record from the local end
                     * so that any connections the server tries
                     * to make on it are rejected.
                     */
                } else {
                    pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "cancel-tcpip-forward");
                    ssh2_pkt_addbool(pktout, 0);/* _don't_ want reply */
                    if (epf->saddr) {
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, epf->saddr);
                    } else if (ssh->cfg.rport_acceptall) {
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "0.0.0.0");
                    } else {
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "127.0.0.1");
                    }
                    ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, epf->sport);
                    ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
                }

                del234(ssh->rportfwds, rpf);
                free_rportfwd(rpf);
            } else if (epf->local) {
                pfd_terminate(epf->local);
            }

            delpos234(ssh->portfwds, i);
            free_portfwd(epf);
            i--;                       /* so we don't skip one in the list */
        }

    /*
     * And finally, set up any new port forwardings (status==CREATE).
     */
    for (i = 0; (epf = index234(ssh->portfwds, i)) != NULL; i++)
        if (epf->status == CREATE) {
            char *sportdesc, *dportdesc;
            sportdesc = dupprintf("%s%s%s%s%d%s",
                                  epf->saddr ? epf->saddr : "",
                                  epf->saddr ? ":" : "",
                                  epf->sserv ? epf->sserv : "",
                                  epf->sserv ? "(" : "",
                                  epf->sport,
                                  epf->sserv ? ")" : "");
            if (epf->type == 'D') {
                dportdesc = NULL;
            } else {
                dportdesc = dupprintf("%s:%s%s%d%s",
                                      epf->daddr,
                                      epf->dserv ? epf->dserv : "",
                                      epf->dserv ? "(" : "",
                                      epf->dport,
                                      epf->dserv ? ")" : "");
            }

            if (epf->type == 'L') {
                const char *err = pfd_addforward(epf->daddr, epf->dport,
                                                 epf->saddr, epf->sport,
                                                 ssh, &ssh->cfg,
                                                 &epf->local,
                                                 epf->addressfamily);

                logeventf(ssh, "Local %sport %s forwarding to %s%s%s",
                          epf->addressfamily == ADDRTYPE_IPV4 ? "IPv4 " :
                          epf->addressfamily == ADDRTYPE_IPV6 ? "IPv6 " : "",
                          sportdesc, dportdesc,
                          err ? " failed: " : "", err ? err : "");
            } else if (epf->type == 'D') {
                const char *err = pfd_addforward(NULL, -1,
                                                 epf->saddr, epf->sport,
                                                 ssh, &ssh->cfg,
                                                 &epf->local,
                                                 epf->addressfamily);

                logeventf(ssh, "Local %sport %s SOCKS dynamic forwarding%s%s",
                          epf->addressfamily == ADDRTYPE_IPV4 ? "IPv4 " :
                          epf->addressfamily == ADDRTYPE_IPV6 ? "IPv6 " : "",
                          sportdesc,
                          err ? " failed: " : "", err ? err : "");
            } else {
                struct ssh_rportfwd *pf;

                /*
                 * Ensure the remote port forwardings tree exists.
                 */
                if (!ssh->rportfwds) {
                    if (ssh->version == 1)
                        ssh->rportfwds = newtree234(ssh_rportcmp_ssh1);
                    else
                        ssh->rportfwds = newtree234(ssh_rportcmp_ssh2);
                }

                pf = snew(struct ssh_rportfwd);
                strncpy(pf->dhost, epf->daddr, lenof(pf->dhost)-1);
                pf->dhost[lenof(pf->dhost)-1] = '\0';
                pf->dport = epf->dport;
                pf->sport = epf->sport;
                if (add234(ssh->rportfwds, pf) != pf) {
                    logeventf(ssh, "Duplicate remote port forwarding to %s:%d",
                              epf->daddr, epf->dport);
                    sfree(pf);
                } else {
                    logeventf(ssh, "Requesting remote port %s"
                              " forward to %s", sportdesc, dportdesc);

                    pf->sportdesc = sportdesc;
                    sportdesc = NULL;
                    epf->remote = pf;
                    pf->pfrec = epf;

                    if (ssh->version == 1) {
                        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_PORT_FORWARD_REQUEST,
                                    PKT_INT, epf->sport,
                                    PKT_STR, epf->daddr,
                                    PKT_INT, epf->dport,
                                    PKT_END);
                        ssh_queue_handler(ssh, SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS,
                                          SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE,
                                          ssh_rportfwd_succfail, pf);
                    } else {
                        struct Packet *pktout;
                        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "tcpip-forward");
                        ssh2_pkt_addbool(pktout, 1);/* want reply */
                        if (epf->saddr) {
                            ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, epf->saddr);
                        } else if (ssh->cfg.rport_acceptall) {
                            ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "0.0.0.0");
                        } else {
                            ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "127.0.0.1");
                        }
                        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, epf->sport);
                        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);

                        ssh_queue_handler(ssh, SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS,
                                          SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE,
                                          ssh_rportfwd_succfail, pf);
                    }
                }
            }
            sfree(sportdesc);
            sfree(dportdesc);
        }
}

static void ssh1_smsg_stdout_stderr_data(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    char *string;
    int stringlen, bufsize;

    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &string, &stringlen);
    if (string == NULL) {
        bombout(("Incoming terminal data packet was badly formed"));
        return;
    }

    bufsize = from_backend(ssh->frontend, pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_STDERR_DATA,
                           string, stringlen);
    if (!ssh->v1_stdout_throttling && bufsize > SSH1_BUFFER_LIMIT) {
        ssh->v1_stdout_throttling = 1;
        ssh1_throttle(ssh, +1);
    }
}

static void ssh1_smsg_x11_open(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* Remote side is trying to open a channel to talk to our
     * X-Server. Give them back a local channel number. */
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    int remoteid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);

    logevent("Received X11 connect request");
    /* Refuse if X11 forwarding is disabled. */
    if (!ssh->X11_fwd_enabled) {
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE,
                    PKT_INT, remoteid, PKT_END);
        logevent("Rejected X11 connect request");
    } else {
        c = snew(struct ssh_channel);
        c->ssh = ssh;

        if (x11_init(&c->u.x11.s, ssh->cfg.x11_display, c,
                     ssh->x11auth, NULL, -1, &ssh->cfg) != NULL) {
            logevent("Opening X11 forward connection failed");
            sfree(c);
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE,
                        PKT_INT, remoteid, PKT_END);
        } else {
            logevent
                ("Opening X11 forward connection succeeded");
            c->remoteid = remoteid;
            c->localid = alloc_channel_id(ssh);
            c->closes = 0;
            c->v.v1.throttling = 0;
            c->type = CHAN_X11; /* identify channel type */
            add234(ssh->channels, c);
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION,
                        PKT_INT, c->remoteid, PKT_INT,
                        c->localid, PKT_END);
            logevent("Opened X11 forward channel");
        }
    }
}

static void ssh1_smsg_agent_open(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* Remote side is trying to open a channel to talk to our
     * agent. Give them back a local channel number. */
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    int remoteid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);

    /* Refuse if agent forwarding is disabled. */
    if (!ssh->agentfwd_enabled) {
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE,
                    PKT_INT, remoteid, PKT_END);
    } else {
        c = snew(struct ssh_channel);
        c->ssh = ssh;
        c->remoteid = remoteid;
        c->localid = alloc_channel_id(ssh);
        c->closes = 0;
        c->v.v1.throttling = 0;
        c->type = CHAN_AGENT;   /* identify channel type */
        c->u.a.lensofar = 0;
        add234(ssh->channels, c);
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION,
                    PKT_INT, c->remoteid, PKT_INT, c->localid,
                    PKT_END);
    }
}

static void ssh1_msg_port_open(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* Remote side is trying to open a channel to talk to a
     * forwarded port. Give them back a local channel number. */
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    struct ssh_rportfwd pf, *pfp;
    int remoteid;
    int hostsize, port;
    char *host, buf[1024];
    const char *e;
    c = snew(struct ssh_channel);
    c->ssh = ssh;

    remoteid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &host, &hostsize);
    port = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);

    if (hostsize >= lenof(pf.dhost))
        hostsize = lenof(pf.dhost)-1;
    memcpy(pf.dhost, host, hostsize);
    pf.dhost[hostsize] = '\0';
    pf.dport = port;
    pfp = find234(ssh->rportfwds, &pf, NULL);

    if (pfp == NULL) {
        sprintf(buf, "Rejected remote port open request for %s:%d",
                pf.dhost, port);
        logevent(buf);
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE,
                    PKT_INT, remoteid, PKT_END);
    } else {
        sprintf(buf, "Received remote port open request for %s:%d",
                pf.dhost, port);
        logevent(buf);
        e = pfd_newconnect(&c->u.pfd.s, pf.dhost, port,
                           c, &ssh->cfg, pfp->pfrec->addressfamily);
        if (e != NULL) {
            char buf[256];
            sprintf(buf, "Port open failed: %s", e);
            logevent(buf);
            sfree(c);
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE,
                        PKT_INT, remoteid, PKT_END);
        } else {
            c->remoteid = remoteid;
            c->localid = alloc_channel_id(ssh);
            c->closes = 0;
            c->v.v1.throttling = 0;
            c->type = CHAN_SOCKDATA;    /* identify channel type */
            add234(ssh->channels, c);
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION,
                        PKT_INT, c->remoteid, PKT_INT,
                        c->localid, PKT_END);
            logevent("Forwarded port opened successfully");
        }
    }
}

static void ssh1_msg_channel_open_confirmation(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    unsigned int remoteid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    unsigned int localid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    struct ssh_channel *c;

    c = find234(ssh->channels, &remoteid, ssh_channelfind);
    if (c && c->type == CHAN_SOCKDATA_DORMANT) {
        c->remoteid = localid;
        c->type = CHAN_SOCKDATA;
        c->v.v1.throttling = 0;
        pfd_confirm(c->u.pfd.s);
    }

    if (c && c->closes) {
        /*
         * We have a pending close on this channel,
         * which we decided on before the server acked
         * the channel open. So now we know the
         * remoteid, we can close it again.
         */
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE,
                    PKT_INT, c->remoteid, PKT_END);
    }
}

static void ssh1_msg_channel_open_failure(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    unsigned int remoteid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    struct ssh_channel *c;

    c = find234(ssh->channels, &remoteid, ssh_channelfind);
    if (c && c->type == CHAN_SOCKDATA_DORMANT) {
        logevent("Forwarded connection refused by server");
        pfd_close(c->u.pfd.s);
        del234(ssh->channels, c);
        sfree(c);
    }
}

static void ssh1_msg_channel_close(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* Remote side closes a channel. */
    unsigned i = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    c = find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind);
    if (c && ((int)c->remoteid) != -1) {
        int closetype;
        closetype =
            (pktin->type == SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE ? 1 : 2);

        if ((c->closes == 0) && (c->type == CHAN_X11)) {
            logevent("Forwarded X11 connection terminated");
            assert(c->u.x11.s != NULL);
            x11_close(c->u.x11.s);
            c->u.x11.s = NULL;
        }
        if ((c->closes == 0) && (c->type == CHAN_SOCKDATA)) {
            logevent("Forwarded port closed");
            assert(c->u.pfd.s != NULL);
            pfd_close(c->u.pfd.s);
            c->u.pfd.s = NULL;
        }

        c->closes |= (closetype << 2);   /* seen this message */
        if (!(c->closes & closetype)) {
            send_packet(ssh, pktin->type, PKT_INT, c->remoteid,
                        PKT_END);
            c->closes |= closetype;      /* sent it too */
        }

        if (c->closes == 15) {
            del234(ssh->channels, c);
            sfree(c);
        }
    } else {
        bombout(("Received CHANNEL_CLOSE%s for %s channel %d\n",
                 pktin->type == SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE ? "" :
                 "_CONFIRMATION", c ? "half-open" : "nonexistent",
                 i));
    }
}

static void ssh1_msg_channel_data(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* Data sent down one of our channels. */
    int i = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    char *p;
    unsigned int len;
    struct ssh_channel *c;

    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &p, &len);

    c = find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind);
    if (c) {
        int bufsize = 0;
        switch (c->type) {
          case CHAN_X11:
            bufsize = x11_send(c->u.x11.s, p, len);
            break;
          case CHAN_SOCKDATA:
            bufsize = pfd_send(c->u.pfd.s, p, len);
            break;
          case CHAN_AGENT:
            /* Data for an agent message. Buffer it. */
            while (len > 0) {
                if (c->u.a.lensofar < 4) {
                    unsigned int l = min(4 - c->u.a.lensofar, len);
                    memcpy(c->u.a.msglen + c->u.a.lensofar, p,
                           l);
                    p += l;
                    len -= l;
                    c->u.a.lensofar += l;
                }
                if (c->u.a.lensofar == 4) {
                    c->u.a.totallen =
                        4 + GET_32BIT(c->u.a.msglen);
                    c->u.a.message = snewn(c->u.a.totallen,
                                           unsigned char);
                    memcpy(c->u.a.message, c->u.a.msglen, 4);
                }
                if (c->u.a.lensofar >= 4 && len > 0) {
                    unsigned int l =
                        min(c->u.a.totallen - c->u.a.lensofar,
                            len);
                    memcpy(c->u.a.message + c->u.a.lensofar, p,
                           l);
                    p += l;
                    len -= l;
                    c->u.a.lensofar += l;
                }
                if (c->u.a.lensofar == c->u.a.totallen) {
                    void *reply;
                    int replylen;
                    if (agent_query(c->u.a.message,
                                    c->u.a.totallen,
                                    &reply, &replylen,
                                    ssh_agentf_callback, c))
                        ssh_agentf_callback(c, reply, replylen);
                    sfree(c->u.a.message);
                    c->u.a.lensofar = 0;
                }
            }
            bufsize = 0;   /* agent channels never back up */
            break;
        }
        if (!c->v.v1.throttling && bufsize > SSH1_BUFFER_LIMIT) {
            c->v.v1.throttling = 1;
            ssh1_throttle(ssh, +1);
        }
    }
}

static void ssh1_smsg_exit_status(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    char buf[100];
    ssh->exitcode = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    sprintf(buf, "Server sent command exit status %d",
            ssh->exitcode);
    logevent(buf);
    send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION, PKT_END);
    /*
     * In case `helpful' firewalls or proxies tack
     * extra human-readable text on the end of the
     * session which we might mistake for another
     * encrypted packet, we close the session once
     * we've sent EXIT_CONFIRMATION.
     */
    ssh->close_expected = TRUE;
    ssh_closing((Plug)ssh, NULL, 0, 0);
}

static void do_ssh1_connection(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                               struct Packet *pktin)
{
    crBegin(ssh->do_ssh1_connection_crstate);

    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_SMSG_STDOUT_DATA] = 
        ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_SMSG_STDERR_DATA] =
        ssh1_smsg_stdout_stderr_data;

    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION] =
        ssh1_msg_channel_open_confirmation;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE] =
        ssh1_msg_channel_open_failure;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE] =
        ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE_CONFIRMATION] =
        ssh1_msg_channel_close;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA] = ssh1_msg_channel_data;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_SMSG_EXIT_STATUS] = ssh1_smsg_exit_status;

    if (ssh->cfg.agentfwd && agent_exists()) {
        logevent("Requesting agent forwarding");
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_AGENT_REQUEST_FORWARDING, PKT_END);
        do {
            crReturnV;
        } while (!pktin);
        if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS
            && pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            bombout(("Protocol confusion"));
            crStopV;
        } else if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            logevent("Agent forwarding refused");
        } else {
            logevent("Agent forwarding enabled");
            ssh->agentfwd_enabled = TRUE;
            ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_SMSG_AGENT_OPEN] = ssh1_smsg_agent_open;
        }
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.x11_forward) {
        char proto[20], data[64];
        logevent("Requesting X11 forwarding");
        ssh->x11auth = x11_invent_auth(proto, sizeof(proto),
                                       data, sizeof(data), ssh->cfg.x11_auth);
        x11_get_real_auth(ssh->x11auth, ssh->cfg.x11_display);
        if (ssh->v1_local_protoflags & SSH1_PROTOFLAG_SCREEN_NUMBER) {
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_X11_REQUEST_FORWARDING,
                        PKT_STR, proto, PKT_STR, data,
                        PKT_INT, x11_get_screen_number(ssh->cfg.x11_display),
                        PKT_END);
        } else {
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_X11_REQUEST_FORWARDING,
                        PKT_STR, proto, PKT_STR, data, PKT_END);
        }
        do {
            crReturnV;
        } while (!pktin);
        if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS
            && pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            bombout(("Protocol confusion"));
            crStopV;
        } else if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            logevent("X11 forwarding refused");
        } else {
            logevent("X11 forwarding enabled");
            ssh->X11_fwd_enabled = TRUE;
            ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_SMSG_X11_OPEN] = ssh1_smsg_x11_open;
        }
    }

    ssh_setup_portfwd(ssh, &ssh->cfg);
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_PORT_OPEN] = ssh1_msg_port_open;

    if (!ssh->cfg.nopty) {
        /* Unpick the terminal-speed string. */
        /* XXX perhaps we should allow no speeds to be sent. */
        ssh->ospeed = 38400; ssh->ispeed = 38400; /* last-resort defaults */
        sscanf(ssh->cfg.termspeed, "%d,%d", &ssh->ospeed, &ssh->ispeed);
        /* Send the pty request. */
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY,
                    PKT_STR, ssh->cfg.termtype,
                    PKT_INT, ssh->term_height,
                    PKT_INT, ssh->term_width,
                    PKT_INT, 0, PKT_INT, 0, /* width,height in pixels */
                    PKT_CHAR, 192, PKT_INT, ssh->ispeed, /* TTY_OP_ISPEED */
                    PKT_CHAR, 193, PKT_INT, ssh->ospeed, /* TTY_OP_OSPEED */
                    PKT_CHAR, 0, PKT_END);
        ssh->state = SSH_STATE_INTERMED;
        do {
            crReturnV;
        } while (!pktin);
        if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS
            && pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            bombout(("Protocol confusion"));
            crStopV;
        } else if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            c_write_str(ssh, "Server refused to allocate pty\r\n");
            ssh->editing = ssh->echoing = 1;
        }
        logeventf(ssh, "Allocated pty (ospeed %dbps, ispeed %dbps)",
                  ssh->ospeed, ssh->ispeed);
    } else {
        ssh->editing = ssh->echoing = 1;
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.compression) {
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_COMPRESSION, PKT_INT, 6, PKT_END);
        do {
            crReturnV;
        } while (!pktin);
        if (pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS
            && pktin->type != SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            bombout(("Protocol confusion"));
            crStopV;
        } else if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
            c_write_str(ssh, "Server refused to compress\r\n");
        }
        logevent("Started compression");
        ssh->v1_compressing = TRUE;
        ssh->cs_comp_ctx = zlib_compress_init();
        logevent("Initialised zlib (RFC1950) compression");
        ssh->sc_comp_ctx = zlib_decompress_init();
        logevent("Initialised zlib (RFC1950) decompression");
    }

    /*
     * Start the shell or command.
     * 
     * Special case: if the first-choice command is an SSH2
     * subsystem (hence not usable here) and the second choice
     * exists, we fall straight back to that.
     */
    {
        char *cmd = ssh->cfg.remote_cmd_ptr;
        
        if (ssh->cfg.ssh_subsys && ssh->cfg.remote_cmd_ptr2) {
            cmd = ssh->cfg.remote_cmd_ptr2;
            ssh->fallback_cmd = TRUE;
        }
        if (*cmd)
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_CMD, PKT_STR, cmd, PKT_END);
        else
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL, PKT_END);
        logevent("Started session");
    }

    ssh->state = SSH_STATE_SESSION;
    if (ssh->size_needed)
        ssh_size(ssh, ssh->term_width, ssh->term_height);
    if (ssh->eof_needed)
        ssh_special(ssh, TS_EOF);

    if (ssh->ldisc)
        ldisc_send(ssh->ldisc, NULL, 0, 0);/* cause ldisc to notice changes */
    ssh->send_ok = 1;
    ssh->channels = newtree234(ssh_channelcmp);
    while (1) {

        /*
         * By this point, most incoming packets are already being
         * handled by the dispatch table, and we need only pay
         * attention to the unusual ones.
         */

        crReturnV;
        if (pktin) {
            if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
                /* may be from EXEC_SHELL on some servers */
            } else if (pktin->type == SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
                /* may be from EXEC_SHELL on some servers
                 * if no pty is available or in other odd cases. Ignore */
            } else {
                bombout(("Strange packet received: type %d", pktin->type));
                crStopV;
            }
        } else {
            while (inlen > 0) {
                int len = min(inlen, 512);
                send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_STDIN_DATA, PKTT_DATA,
                            PKT_INT, len, PKT_DATA, in, len,
                            PKTT_OTHER, PKT_END);
                in += len;
                inlen -= len;
            }
        }
    }

    crFinishV;
}

/*
 * Handle the top-level SSH2 protocol.
 */
static void ssh1_msg_debug(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    char *buf, *msg;
    int msglen;

    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &msg, &msglen);
    buf = dupprintf("Remote debug message: %.*s", msglen, msg);
    logevent(buf);
    sfree(buf);
}

static void ssh1_msg_disconnect(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* log reason code in disconnect message */
    char *msg;
    int msglen;

    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &msg, &msglen);
    bombout(("Server sent disconnect message:\n\"%.*s\"", msglen, msg));
}

void ssh_msg_ignore(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* Do nothing, because we're ignoring it! Duhh. */
}

static void ssh1_protocol_setup(Ssh ssh)
{
    int i;

    /*
     * Most messages are handled by the coroutines.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
        ssh->packet_dispatch[i] = NULL;

    /*
     * These special message types we install handlers for.
     */
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT] = ssh1_msg_disconnect;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_IGNORE] = ssh_msg_ignore;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH1_MSG_DEBUG] = ssh1_msg_debug;
}

static void ssh1_protocol(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                          struct Packet *pktin)
{
    if (ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED)
        return;

    if (pktin && ssh->packet_dispatch[pktin->type]) {
        ssh->packet_dispatch[pktin->type](ssh, pktin);
        return;
    }

    if (!ssh->protocol_initial_phase_done) {
        if (do_ssh1_login(ssh, in, inlen, pktin))
            ssh->protocol_initial_phase_done = TRUE;
        else
            return;
    }

    do_ssh1_connection(ssh, in, inlen, pktin);
}

/*
 * Utility routine for decoding comma-separated strings in KEXINIT.
 */
static int in_commasep_string(char *needle, char *haystack, int haylen)
{
    int needlen;
    if (!needle || !haystack)          /* protect against null pointers */
        return 0;
    needlen = strlen(needle);
    while (1) {
        /*
         * Is it at the start of the string?
         */
        if (haylen >= needlen &&       /* haystack is long enough */
            !memcmp(needle, haystack, needlen) &&       /* initial match */
            (haylen == needlen || haystack[needlen] == ',')
            /* either , or EOS follows */
            )
            return 1;
        /*
         * If not, search for the next comma and resume after that.
         * If no comma found, terminate.
         */
        while (haylen > 0 && *haystack != ',')
            haylen--, haystack++;
        if (haylen == 0)
            return 0;
        haylen--, haystack++;          /* skip over comma itself */
    }
}

/*
 * SSH2 key creation method.
 */
static void ssh2_mkkey(Ssh ssh, Bignum K, unsigned char *H,
                       unsigned char *sessid, char chr,
                       unsigned char *keyspace)
{
    SHA_State s;
    /* First 20 bytes. */
    SHA_Init(&s);
    if (!(ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_DERIVEKEY))
        sha_mpint(&s, K);
    SHA_Bytes(&s, H, 20);
    SHA_Bytes(&s, &chr, 1);
    SHA_Bytes(&s, sessid, 20);
    SHA_Final(&s, keyspace);
    /* Next 20 bytes. */
    SHA_Init(&s);
    if (!(ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_DERIVEKEY))
        sha_mpint(&s, K);
    SHA_Bytes(&s, H, 20);
    SHA_Bytes(&s, keyspace, 20);
    SHA_Final(&s, keyspace + 20);
}

/*
 * Handle the SSH2 transport layer.
 */
static int do_ssh2_transport(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                             struct Packet *pktin)
{
    struct do_ssh2_transport_state {
        int nbits, pbits, warn;
        Bignum p, g, e, f, K;
        int kex_init_value, kex_reply_value;
        const struct ssh_mac **maclist;
        int nmacs;
        const struct ssh2_cipher *cscipher_tobe;
        const struct ssh2_cipher *sccipher_tobe;
        const struct ssh_mac *csmac_tobe;
        const struct ssh_mac *scmac_tobe;
        const struct ssh_compress *cscomp_tobe;
        const struct ssh_compress *sccomp_tobe;
        char *hostkeydata, *sigdata, *keystr, *fingerprint;
        int hostkeylen, siglen;
        void *hkey;                    /* actual host key */
        unsigned char exchange_hash[20];
        int n_preferred_kex;
        const struct ssh_kex *preferred_kex[KEX_MAX];
        int n_preferred_ciphers;
        const struct ssh2_ciphers *preferred_ciphers[CIPHER_MAX];
        const struct ssh_compress *preferred_comp;
        int got_session_id, activated_authconn;
        struct Packet *pktout;
    };
    crState(do_ssh2_transport_state);

    crBegin(ssh->do_ssh2_transport_crstate);

    s->cscipher_tobe = s->sccipher_tobe = NULL;
    s->csmac_tobe = s->scmac_tobe = NULL;
    s->cscomp_tobe = s->sccomp_tobe = NULL;

    s->got_session_id = s->activated_authconn = FALSE;

    /*
     * Be prepared to work around the buggy MAC problem.
     */
    if (ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_HMAC)
        s->maclist = buggymacs, s->nmacs = lenof(buggymacs);
    else
        s->maclist = macs, s->nmacs = lenof(macs);

  begin_key_exchange:
    ssh->pkt_ctx &= ~SSH2_PKTCTX_KEX_MASK;
    {
        int i, j, commalist_started;

        /*
         * Set up the preferred key exchange. (NULL => warn below here)
         */
        s->n_preferred_kex = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < KEX_MAX; i++) {
            switch (ssh->cfg.ssh_kexlist[i]) {
              case KEX_DHGEX:
                s->preferred_kex[s->n_preferred_kex++] =
                    &ssh_diffiehellman_gex;
                break;
              case KEX_DHGROUP14:
                s->preferred_kex[s->n_preferred_kex++] =
                    &ssh_diffiehellman_group14;
                break;
              case KEX_DHGROUP1:
                s->preferred_kex[s->n_preferred_kex++] =
                    &ssh_diffiehellman_group1;
                break;
              case CIPHER_WARN:
                /* Flag for later. Don't bother if it's the last in
                 * the list. */
                if (i < KEX_MAX - 1) {
                    s->preferred_kex[s->n_preferred_kex++] = NULL;
                }
                break;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Set up the preferred ciphers. (NULL => warn below here)
         */
        s->n_preferred_ciphers = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < CIPHER_MAX; i++) {
            switch (ssh->cfg.ssh_cipherlist[i]) {
              case CIPHER_BLOWFISH:
                s->preferred_ciphers[s->n_preferred_ciphers++] = &ssh2_blowfish;
                break;
              case CIPHER_DES:
                if (ssh->cfg.ssh2_des_cbc) {
                    s->preferred_ciphers[s->n_preferred_ciphers++] = &ssh2_des;
                }
                break;
              case CIPHER_3DES:
                s->preferred_ciphers[s->n_preferred_ciphers++] = &ssh2_3des;
                break;
              case CIPHER_AES:
                s->preferred_ciphers[s->n_preferred_ciphers++] = &ssh2_aes;
                break;
              case CIPHER_WARN:
                /* Flag for later. Don't bother if it's the last in
                 * the list. */
                if (i < CIPHER_MAX - 1) {
                    s->preferred_ciphers[s->n_preferred_ciphers++] = NULL;
                }
                break;
            }
        }

        /*
         * Set up preferred compression.
         */
        if (ssh->cfg.compression)
            s->preferred_comp = &ssh_zlib;
        else
            s->preferred_comp = &ssh_comp_none;

        /*
         * Enable queueing of outgoing auth- or connection-layer
         * packets while we are in the middle of a key exchange.
         */
        ssh->queueing = TRUE;

        /*
         * Flag that KEX is in progress.
         */
        ssh->kex_in_progress = TRUE;

        /*
         * Construct and send our key exchange packet.
         */
        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT);
        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
            ssh2_pkt_addbyte(s->pktout, (unsigned char) random_byte());
        /* List key exchange algorithms. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        commalist_started = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < s->n_preferred_kex; i++) {
            const struct ssh_kex *k = s->preferred_kex[i];
            if (!k) continue;          /* warning flag */
            if (commalist_started)
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, ",");
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, s->preferred_kex[i]->name);
            commalist_started = 1;
        }
        /* List server host key algorithms. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        for (i = 0; i < lenof(hostkey_algs); i++) {
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, hostkey_algs[i]->name);
            if (i < lenof(hostkey_algs) - 1)
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, ",");
        }
        /* List client->server encryption algorithms. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        commalist_started = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < s->n_preferred_ciphers; i++) {
            const struct ssh2_ciphers *c = s->preferred_ciphers[i];
            if (!c) continue;          /* warning flag */
            for (j = 0; j < c->nciphers; j++) {
                if (commalist_started)
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, ",");
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, c->list[j]->name);
                commalist_started = 1;
            }
        }
        /* List server->client encryption algorithms. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        commalist_started = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < s->n_preferred_ciphers; i++) {
            const struct ssh2_ciphers *c = s->preferred_ciphers[i];
            if (!c) continue; /* warning flag */
            for (j = 0; j < c->nciphers; j++) {
                if (commalist_started)
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, ",");
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, c->list[j]->name);
                commalist_started = 1;
            }
        }
        /* List client->server MAC algorithms. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        for (i = 0; i < s->nmacs; i++) {
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, s->maclist[i]->name);
            if (i < s->nmacs - 1)
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, ",");
        }
        /* List server->client MAC algorithms. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        for (i = 0; i < s->nmacs; i++) {
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, s->maclist[i]->name);
            if (i < s->nmacs - 1)
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, ",");
        }
        /* List client->server compression algorithms. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        assert(lenof(compressions) > 1);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, s->preferred_comp->name);
        for (i = 0; i < lenof(compressions); i++) {
            const struct ssh_compress *c = compressions[i];
            if (c != s->preferred_comp) {
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, ",");
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, c->name);
            }
        }
        /* List server->client compression algorithms. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        assert(lenof(compressions) > 1);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, s->preferred_comp->name);
        for (i = 0; i < lenof(compressions); i++) {
            const struct ssh_compress *c = compressions[i];
            if (c != s->preferred_comp) {
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, ",");
                ssh2_pkt_addstring_str(s->pktout, c->name);
            }
        }
        /* List client->server languages. Empty list. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        /* List server->client languages. Empty list. */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        /* First KEX packet does _not_ follow, because we're not that brave. */
        ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, FALSE);
        /* Reserved. */
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, 0);
    }

    ssh->exhash = ssh->exhashbase;
    sha_string(&ssh->exhash, s->pktout->data + 5, s->pktout->length - 5);

    ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, s->pktout);

    if (!pktin)
        crWaitUntil(pktin);
    if (pktin->length > 5)
        sha_string(&ssh->exhash, pktin->data + 5, pktin->length - 5);

    /*
     * Now examine the other side's KEXINIT to see what we're up
     * to.
     */
    {
        char *str;
        int i, j, len;

        if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT) {
            bombout(("expected key exchange packet from server"));
            crStop(0);
        }
        ssh->kex = NULL;
        ssh->hostkey = NULL;
        s->cscipher_tobe = NULL;
        s->sccipher_tobe = NULL;
        s->csmac_tobe = NULL;
        s->scmac_tobe = NULL;
        s->cscomp_tobe = NULL;
        s->sccomp_tobe = NULL;
        pktin->savedpos += 16;          /* skip garbage cookie */
        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &str, &len);    /* key exchange algorithms */
        s->warn = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < s->n_preferred_kex; i++) {
            const struct ssh_kex *k = s->preferred_kex[i];
            if (!k) {
                s->warn = 1;
            } else if (in_commasep_string(k->name, str, len)) {
                ssh->kex = k;
            }
            if (ssh->kex) {
                if (s->warn) {
                    sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 1);
                    askalg(ssh->frontend, "key-exchange algorithm",
                           ssh->kex->name);
                    sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 0);
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!ssh->kex) {
            bombout(("Couldn't agree a key exchange algorithm (available: %s)",
                     str ? str : "(null)"));
            crStop(0);
        }
        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &str, &len);    /* host key algorithms */
        for (i = 0; i < lenof(hostkey_algs); i++) {
            if (in_commasep_string(hostkey_algs[i]->name, str, len)) {
                ssh->hostkey = hostkey_algs[i];
                break;
            }
        }
        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &str, &len);    /* client->server cipher */
        s->warn = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < s->n_preferred_ciphers; i++) {
            const struct ssh2_ciphers *c = s->preferred_ciphers[i];
            if (!c) {
                s->warn = 1;
            } else {
                for (j = 0; j < c->nciphers; j++) {
                    if (in_commasep_string(c->list[j]->name, str, len)) {
                        s->cscipher_tobe = c->list[j];
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (s->cscipher_tobe) {
                if (s->warn) {
                    sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 1);
                    askalg(ssh->frontend, "client-to-server cipher",
                           s->cscipher_tobe->name);
                    sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 0);
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!s->cscipher_tobe) {
            bombout(("Couldn't agree a client-to-server cipher (available: %s)",
                     str ? str : "(null)"));
            crStop(0);
        }

        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &str, &len);    /* server->client cipher */
        s->warn = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < s->n_preferred_ciphers; i++) {
            const struct ssh2_ciphers *c = s->preferred_ciphers[i];
            if (!c) {
                s->warn = 1;
            } else {
                for (j = 0; j < c->nciphers; j++) {
                    if (in_commasep_string(c->list[j]->name, str, len)) {
                        s->sccipher_tobe = c->list[j];
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (s->sccipher_tobe) {
                if (s->warn) {
                    sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 1);
                    askalg(ssh->frontend, "server-to-client cipher",
                           s->sccipher_tobe->name);
                    sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 0);
                }
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!s->sccipher_tobe) {
            bombout(("Couldn't agree a server-to-client cipher (available: %s)",
                     str ? str : "(null)"));
            crStop(0);
        }

        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &str, &len);    /* client->server mac */
        for (i = 0; i < s->nmacs; i++) {
            if (in_commasep_string(s->maclist[i]->name, str, len)) {
                s->csmac_tobe = s->maclist[i];
                break;
            }
        }
        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &str, &len);    /* server->client mac */
        for (i = 0; i < s->nmacs; i++) {
            if (in_commasep_string(s->maclist[i]->name, str, len)) {
                s->scmac_tobe = s->maclist[i];
                break;
            }
        }
        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &str, &len);  /* client->server compression */
        for (i = 0; i < lenof(compressions) + 1; i++) {
            const struct ssh_compress *c =
                i == 0 ? s->preferred_comp : compressions[i - 1];
            if (in_commasep_string(c->name, str, len)) {
                s->cscomp_tobe = c;
                break;
            }
        }
        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &str, &len);  /* server->client compression */
        for (i = 0; i < lenof(compressions) + 1; i++) {
            const struct ssh_compress *c =
                i == 0 ? s->preferred_comp : compressions[i - 1];
            if (in_commasep_string(c->name, str, len)) {
                s->sccomp_tobe = c;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Work out the number of bits of key we will need from the key
     * exchange. We start with the maximum key length of either
     * cipher...
     */
    {
        int csbits, scbits;

        csbits = s->cscipher_tobe->keylen;
        scbits = s->sccipher_tobe->keylen;
        s->nbits = (csbits > scbits ? csbits : scbits);
    }
    /* The keys only have 160-bit entropy, since they're based on
     * a SHA-1 hash. So cap the key size at 160 bits. */
    if (s->nbits > 160)
        s->nbits = 160;

    /*
     * If we're doing Diffie-Hellman group exchange, start by
     * requesting a group.
     */
    if (!ssh->kex->pdata) {
        logevent("Doing Diffie-Hellman group exchange");
        ssh->pkt_ctx |= SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGEX;
        /*
         * Work out how big a DH group we will need to allow that
         * much data.
         */
        s->pbits = 512 << ((s->nbits - 1) / 64);
        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, s->pbits);
        ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, s->pktout);

        crWaitUntil(pktin);
        if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP) {
            bombout(("expected key exchange group packet from server"));
            crStop(0);
        }
        s->p = ssh2_pkt_getmp(pktin);
        s->g = ssh2_pkt_getmp(pktin);
        if (!s->p || !s->g) {
            bombout(("unable to read mp-ints from incoming group packet"));
            crStop(0);
        }
        ssh->kex_ctx = dh_setup_gex(s->p, s->g);
        s->kex_init_value = SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT;
        s->kex_reply_value = SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY;
    } else {
        ssh->pkt_ctx |= SSH2_PKTCTX_DHGROUP;
        ssh->kex_ctx = dh_setup_group(ssh->kex);
        s->kex_init_value = SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT;
        s->kex_reply_value = SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY;
        logeventf(ssh, "Using Diffie-Hellman with standard group \"%s\"",
                  ssh->kex->groupname);
    }

    logevent("Doing Diffie-Hellman key exchange");
    /*
     * Now generate and send e for Diffie-Hellman.
     */
    s->e = dh_create_e(ssh->kex_ctx, s->nbits * 2);
    s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(s->kex_init_value);
    ssh2_pkt_addmp(s->pktout, s->e);
    ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, s->pktout);

    crWaitUntil(pktin);
    if (pktin->type != s->kex_reply_value) {
        bombout(("expected key exchange reply packet from server"));
        crStop(0);
    }
    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &s->hostkeydata, &s->hostkeylen);
    s->f = ssh2_pkt_getmp(pktin);
    if (!s->f) {
        bombout(("unable to parse key exchange reply packet"));
        crStop(0);
    }
    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &s->sigdata, &s->siglen);

    s->K = dh_find_K(ssh->kex_ctx, s->f);

    sha_string(&ssh->exhash, s->hostkeydata, s->hostkeylen);
    if (ssh->kex == &ssh_diffiehellman_gex) {
        sha_uint32(&ssh->exhash, s->pbits);
        sha_mpint(&ssh->exhash, s->p);
        sha_mpint(&ssh->exhash, s->g);
    }
    sha_mpint(&ssh->exhash, s->e);
    sha_mpint(&ssh->exhash, s->f);
    sha_mpint(&ssh->exhash, s->K);
    SHA_Final(&ssh->exhash, s->exchange_hash);

    dh_cleanup(ssh->kex_ctx);
    ssh->kex_ctx = NULL;

#if 0
    debug(("Exchange hash is:\n"));
    dmemdump(s->exchange_hash, 20);
#endif

    s->hkey = ssh->hostkey->newkey(s->hostkeydata, s->hostkeylen);
    if (!s->hkey ||
        !ssh->hostkey->verifysig(s->hkey, s->sigdata, s->siglen,
                                 (char *)s->exchange_hash, 20)) {
        bombout(("Server's host key did not match the signature supplied"));
        crStop(0);
    }

    /*
     * Authenticate remote host: verify host key. (We've already
     * checked the signature of the exchange hash.)
     */
    s->keystr = ssh->hostkey->fmtkey(s->hkey);
    s->fingerprint = ssh->hostkey->fingerprint(s->hkey);
    sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 1);
    verify_ssh_host_key(ssh->frontend,
                        ssh->savedhost, ssh->savedport, ssh->hostkey->keytype,
                        s->keystr, s->fingerprint);
    sk_set_frozen(ssh->s, 0);
    if (!s->got_session_id) {     /* don't bother logging this in rekeys */
        logevent("Host key fingerprint is:");
        logevent(s->fingerprint);
    }
    sfree(s->fingerprint);
    sfree(s->keystr);
    ssh->hostkey->freekey(s->hkey);

    /*
     * The exchange hash from the very first key exchange is also
     * the session id, used in session key construction and
     * authentication.
     */
    if (!s->got_session_id) {
        memcpy(ssh->v2_session_id, s->exchange_hash,
               sizeof(s->exchange_hash));
        s->got_session_id = TRUE;
    }

    /*
     * Send SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS.
     */
    s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS);
    ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, s->pktout);
    ssh->outgoing_data_size = 0;       /* start counting from here */

    /*
     * We've sent client NEWKEYS, so create and initialise
     * client-to-server session keys.
     */
    if (ssh->cs_cipher_ctx)
        ssh->cscipher->free_context(ssh->cs_cipher_ctx);
    ssh->cscipher = s->cscipher_tobe;
    ssh->cs_cipher_ctx = ssh->cscipher->make_context();

    if (ssh->cs_mac_ctx)
        ssh->csmac->free_context(ssh->cs_mac_ctx);
    ssh->csmac = s->csmac_tobe;
    ssh->cs_mac_ctx = ssh->csmac->make_context();

    if (ssh->cs_comp_ctx)
        ssh->cscomp->compress_cleanup(ssh->cs_comp_ctx);
    ssh->cscomp = s->cscomp_tobe;
    ssh->cs_comp_ctx = ssh->cscomp->compress_init();

    /*
     * Set IVs on client-to-server keys. Here we use the exchange
     * hash from the _first_ key exchange.
     */
    {
        unsigned char keyspace[40];
        ssh2_mkkey(ssh,s->K,s->exchange_hash,ssh->v2_session_id,'C',keyspace);
        ssh->cscipher->setkey(ssh->cs_cipher_ctx, keyspace);
        ssh2_mkkey(ssh,s->K,s->exchange_hash,ssh->v2_session_id,'A',keyspace);
        ssh->cscipher->setiv(ssh->cs_cipher_ctx, keyspace);
        ssh2_mkkey(ssh,s->K,s->exchange_hash,ssh->v2_session_id,'E',keyspace);
        ssh->csmac->setkey(ssh->cs_mac_ctx, keyspace);
    }

    logeventf(ssh, "Initialised %.200s client->server encryption",
              ssh->cscipher->text_name);
    logeventf(ssh, "Initialised %.200s client->server MAC algorithm",
              ssh->csmac->text_name);
    if (ssh->cscomp->text_name)
        logeventf(ssh, "Initialised %s compression",
                  ssh->cscomp->text_name);

    /*
     * Now our end of the key exchange is complete, we can send all
     * our queued higher-layer packets.
     */
    ssh->queueing = FALSE;
    ssh2_pkt_queuesend(ssh);

    /*
     * Expect SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS from server.
     */
    crWaitUntil(pktin);
    if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS) {
        bombout(("expected new-keys packet from server"));
        crStop(0);
    }
    ssh->incoming_data_size = 0;       /* start counting from here */

    /*
     * We've seen server NEWKEYS, so create and initialise
     * server-to-client session keys.
     */
    if (ssh->sc_cipher_ctx)
        ssh->sccipher->free_context(ssh->sc_cipher_ctx);
    ssh->sccipher = s->sccipher_tobe;
    ssh->sc_cipher_ctx = ssh->sccipher->make_context();

    if (ssh->sc_mac_ctx)
        ssh->scmac->free_context(ssh->sc_mac_ctx);
    ssh->scmac = s->scmac_tobe;
    ssh->sc_mac_ctx = ssh->scmac->make_context();

    if (ssh->sc_comp_ctx)
        ssh->sccomp->decompress_cleanup(ssh->sc_comp_ctx);
    ssh->sccomp = s->sccomp_tobe;
    ssh->sc_comp_ctx = ssh->sccomp->decompress_init();

    /*
     * Set IVs on server-to-client keys. Here we use the exchange
     * hash from the _first_ key exchange.
     */
    {
        unsigned char keyspace[40];
        ssh2_mkkey(ssh,s->K,s->exchange_hash,ssh->v2_session_id,'D',keyspace);
        ssh->sccipher->setkey(ssh->sc_cipher_ctx, keyspace);
        ssh2_mkkey(ssh,s->K,s->exchange_hash,ssh->v2_session_id,'B',keyspace);
        ssh->sccipher->setiv(ssh->sc_cipher_ctx, keyspace);
        ssh2_mkkey(ssh,s->K,s->exchange_hash,ssh->v2_session_id,'F',keyspace);
        ssh->scmac->setkey(ssh->sc_mac_ctx, keyspace);
    }
    logeventf(ssh, "Initialised %.200s server->client encryption",
              ssh->sccipher->text_name);
    logeventf(ssh, "Initialised %.200s server->client MAC algorithm",
              ssh->scmac->text_name);
    if (ssh->sccomp->text_name)
        logeventf(ssh, "Initialised %s decompression",
                  ssh->sccomp->text_name);

    /*
     * Free key exchange data.
     */
    freebn(s->f);
    freebn(s->K);
    if (ssh->kex == &ssh_diffiehellman_gex) {
        freebn(s->g);
        freebn(s->p);
    }

    /*
     * Key exchange is over. Loop straight back round if we have a
     * deferred rekey reason.
     */
    if (ssh->deferred_rekey_reason) {
        logevent(ssh->deferred_rekey_reason);
        pktin = NULL;
        ssh->deferred_rekey_reason = NULL;
        goto begin_key_exchange;
    }

    /*
     * Otherwise, schedule a timer for our next rekey.
     */
    ssh->kex_in_progress = FALSE;
    ssh->last_rekey = GETTICKCOUNT();
    if (ssh->cfg.ssh_rekey_time != 0)
        ssh->next_rekey = schedule_timer(ssh->cfg.ssh_rekey_time*60*TICKSPERSEC,
                                         ssh2_timer, ssh);

    /*
     * If this is the first key exchange phase, we must pass the
     * SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS packet to the next layer, not because it
     * wants to see it but because it will need time to initialise
     * itself before it sees an actual packet. In subsequent key
     * exchange phases, we don't pass SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS on, because
     * it would only confuse the layer above.
     */
    if (s->activated_authconn) {
        crReturn(1);
    }
    s->activated_authconn = TRUE;

    /*
     * Now we're encrypting. Begin returning 1 to the protocol main
     * function so that other things can run on top of the
     * transport. If we ever see a KEXINIT, we must go back to the
     * start.
     * 
     * We _also_ go back to the start if we see pktin==NULL and
     * inlen==-1, because this is a special signal meaning
     * `initiate client-driven rekey', and `in' contains a message
     * giving the reason for the rekey.
     */
    while (!((pktin && pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT) ||
             (!pktin && inlen == -1))) {
        wait_for_rekey:
        crReturn(1);
    }
    if (pktin) {
        logevent("Server initiated key re-exchange");
    } else {
        /*
         * Special case: if the server bug is set that doesn't
         * allow rekeying, we give a different log message and
         * continue waiting. (If such a server _initiates_ a rekey,
         * we process it anyway!)
         */
        if ((ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_REKEY)) {
            logeventf(ssh, "Server bug prevents key re-exchange (%s)",
                      (char *)in);
            /* Reset the counters, so that at least this message doesn't
             * hit the event log _too_ often. */
            ssh->outgoing_data_size = 0;
            ssh->incoming_data_size = 0;
            if (ssh->cfg.ssh_rekey_time != 0) {
                ssh->next_rekey =
                    schedule_timer(ssh->cfg.ssh_rekey_time*60*TICKSPERSEC,
                                   ssh2_timer, ssh);
            }
            goto wait_for_rekey;       /* this is utterly horrid */
        } else {
            logeventf(ssh, "Initiating key re-exchange (%s)", (char *)in);
        }
    }
    goto begin_key_exchange;

    crFinish(1);
}

/*
 * Add data to an SSH2 channel output buffer.
 */
static void ssh2_add_channel_data(struct ssh_channel *c, char *buf,
                                  int len)
{
    bufchain_add(&c->v.v2.outbuffer, buf, len);
}

/*
 * Attempt to send data on an SSH2 channel.
 */
static int ssh2_try_send(struct ssh_channel *c)
{
    Ssh ssh = c->ssh;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    while (c->v.v2.remwindow > 0 && bufchain_size(&c->v.v2.outbuffer) > 0) {
        int len;
        void *data;
        bufchain_prefix(&c->v.v2.outbuffer, &data, &len);
        if ((unsigned)len > c->v.v2.remwindow)
            len = c->v.v2.remwindow;
        if ((unsigned)len > c->v.v2.remmaxpkt)
            len = c->v.v2.remmaxpkt;
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->remoteid);
        dont_log_data(ssh, pktout, PKTLOG_OMIT);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(pktout);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(pktout, data, len);
        end_log_omission(ssh, pktout);
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
        bufchain_consume(&c->v.v2.outbuffer, len);
        c->v.v2.remwindow -= len;
    }

    /*
     * After having sent as much data as we can, return the amount
     * still buffered.
     */
    return bufchain_size(&c->v.v2.outbuffer);
}

/*
 * Potentially enlarge the window on an SSH2 channel.
 */
static void ssh2_set_window(struct ssh_channel *c, unsigned newwin)
{
    Ssh ssh = c->ssh;

    /*
     * Never send WINDOW_ADJUST for a channel that the remote side
     * already thinks it's closed; there's no point, since it won't
     * be sending any more data anyway.
     */
    if (c->closes != 0)
        return;

    if (newwin > c->v.v2.locwindow) {
        struct Packet *pktout;

        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->remoteid);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, newwin - c->v.v2.locwindow);
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
        c->v.v2.locwindow = newwin;
    }
}

static void ssh2_msg_channel_window_adjust(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    unsigned i = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    c = find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind);
    if (c && !c->closes)
        c->v.v2.remwindow += ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
}

static void ssh2_msg_channel_data(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    char *data;
    unsigned int length;
    unsigned i = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    c = find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind);
    if (!c)
        return;                        /* nonexistent channel */
    if (pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA &&
        ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin) != SSH2_EXTENDED_DATA_STDERR)
        return;                        /* extended but not stderr */
    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &data, &length);
    if (data) {
        int bufsize = 0;
        c->v.v2.locwindow -= length;
        switch (c->type) {
          case CHAN_MAINSESSION:
            bufsize =
                from_backend(ssh->frontend, pktin->type ==
                             SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA,
                             data, length);
            break;
          case CHAN_X11:
            bufsize = x11_send(c->u.x11.s, data, length);
            break;
          case CHAN_SOCKDATA:
            bufsize = pfd_send(c->u.pfd.s, data, length);
            break;
          case CHAN_AGENT:
            while (length > 0) {
                if (c->u.a.lensofar < 4) {
                    unsigned int l = min(4 - c->u.a.lensofar, length);
                    memcpy(c->u.a.msglen + c->u.a.lensofar,
                           data, l);
                    data += l;
                    length -= l;
                    c->u.a.lensofar += l;
                }
                if (c->u.a.lensofar == 4) {
                    c->u.a.totallen =
                        4 + GET_32BIT(c->u.a.msglen);
                    c->u.a.message = snewn(c->u.a.totallen,
                                           unsigned char);
                    memcpy(c->u.a.message, c->u.a.msglen, 4);
                }
                if (c->u.a.lensofar >= 4 && length > 0) {
                    unsigned int l =
                        min(c->u.a.totallen - c->u.a.lensofar,
                            length);
                    memcpy(c->u.a.message + c->u.a.lensofar,
                           data, l);
                    data += l;
                    length -= l;
                    c->u.a.lensofar += l;
                }
                if (c->u.a.lensofar == c->u.a.totallen) {
                    void *reply;
                    int replylen;
                    if (agent_query(c->u.a.message,
                                    c->u.a.totallen,
                                    &reply, &replylen,
                                    ssh_agentf_callback, c))
                        ssh_agentf_callback(c, reply, replylen);
                    sfree(c->u.a.message);
                    c->u.a.lensofar = 0;
                }
            }
            bufsize = 0;
            break;
        }
        /*
         * If we are not buffering too much data,
         * enlarge the window again at the remote side.
         */
        if (bufsize < OUR_V2_WINSIZE)
            ssh2_set_window(c, OUR_V2_WINSIZE - bufsize);
    }
}

static void ssh2_msg_channel_eof(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    unsigned i = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    struct ssh_channel *c;

    c = find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind);
    if (!c)
        return;                        /* nonexistent channel */

    if (c->type == CHAN_X11) {
        /*
         * Remote EOF on an X11 channel means we should
         * wrap up and close the channel ourselves.
         */
        x11_close(c->u.x11.s);
        sshfwd_close(c);
    } else if (c->type == CHAN_AGENT) {
        sshfwd_close(c);
    } else if (c->type == CHAN_SOCKDATA) {
        pfd_close(c->u.pfd.s);
        sshfwd_close(c);
    }
}

static void ssh2_msg_channel_close(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    unsigned i = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    c = find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind);
    if (!c || ((int)c->remoteid) == -1) {
        bombout(("Received CHANNEL_CLOSE for %s channel %d\n",
                 c ? "half-open" : "nonexistent", i));
        return;
    }
    /* Do pre-close processing on the channel. */
    switch (c->type) {
      case CHAN_MAINSESSION:
        ssh->mainchan = NULL;
        update_specials_menu(ssh->frontend);
        break;
      case CHAN_X11:
        if (c->u.x11.s != NULL)
            x11_close(c->u.x11.s);
        sshfwd_close(c);
        break;
      case CHAN_AGENT:
        sshfwd_close(c);
        break;
      case CHAN_SOCKDATA:
        if (c->u.pfd.s != NULL)
            pfd_close(c->u.pfd.s);
        sshfwd_close(c);
        break;
    }
    if (c->closes == 0) {
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->remoteid);
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
    }
    del234(ssh->channels, c);
    bufchain_clear(&c->v.v2.outbuffer);
    sfree(c);

    /*
     * See if that was the last channel left open.
     * (This is only our termination condition if we're
     * not running in -N mode.)
     */
    if (!ssh->cfg.ssh_no_shell && count234(ssh->channels) == 0) {
        logevent("All channels closed. Disconnecting");
#if 0
        /*
         * We used to send SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT here,
         * because I'd believed that _every_ conforming
         * SSH2 connection had to end with a disconnect
         * being sent by at least one side; apparently
         * I was wrong and it's perfectly OK to
         * unceremoniously slam the connection shut
         * when you're done, and indeed OpenSSH feels
         * this is more polite than sending a
         * DISCONNECT. So now we don't.
         */
        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "All open channels closed");
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "en");    /* language tag */
        ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, s->pktout);
#endif
        ssh->close_expected = TRUE;
        ssh_closing((Plug)ssh, NULL, 0, 0);
    }
}

static void ssh2_msg_channel_open_confirmation(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    unsigned i = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    c = find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind);
    if (!c)
        return;                        /* nonexistent channel */
    if (c->type != CHAN_SOCKDATA_DORMANT)
        return;                        /* dunno why they're confirming this */
    c->remoteid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    c->type = CHAN_SOCKDATA;
    c->v.v2.remwindow = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    c->v.v2.remmaxpkt = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    if (c->u.pfd.s)
        pfd_confirm(c->u.pfd.s);
    if (c->closes) {
        /*
         * We have a pending close on this channel,
         * which we decided on before the server acked
         * the channel open. So now we know the
         * remoteid, we can close it again.
         */
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->remoteid);
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
    }
}

static void ssh2_msg_channel_open_failure(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    static const char *const reasons[] = {
        "<unknown reason code>",
            "Administratively prohibited",
            "Connect failed",
            "Unknown channel type",
            "Resource shortage",
    };
    unsigned i = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    unsigned reason_code;
    char *reason_string;
    int reason_length;
    char *message;
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    c = find234(ssh->channels, &i, ssh_channelfind);
    if (!c)
        return;                        /* nonexistent channel */
    if (c->type != CHAN_SOCKDATA_DORMANT)
        return;                        /* dunno why they're failing this */

    reason_code = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    if (reason_code >= lenof(reasons))
        reason_code = 0; /* ensure reasons[reason_code] in range */
    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &reason_string, &reason_length);
    message = dupprintf("Forwarded connection refused by"
                        " server: %s [%.*s]", reasons[reason_code],
                        reason_length, reason_string);
    logevent(message);
    sfree(message);

    pfd_close(c->u.pfd.s);

    del234(ssh->channels, c);
    sfree(c);
}

static void ssh2_msg_channel_request(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    unsigned localid;
    char *type;
    int typelen, want_reply;
    int reply = SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE; /* default */
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    localid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &type, &typelen);
    want_reply = ssh2_pkt_getbool(pktin);

    /*
     * First, check that the channel exists. Otherwise,
     * we can instantly disconnect with a rude message.
     */
    c = find234(ssh->channels, &localid, ssh_channelfind);
    if (!c) {
        char buf[80];
        sprintf(buf, "Received channel request for nonexistent"
                " channel %d", localid);
        logevent(buf);
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, buf);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "en");       /* language tag */
        ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, pktout);
        connection_fatal(ssh->frontend, "%s", buf);
        ssh->close_expected = TRUE;
        ssh_closing((Plug)ssh, NULL, 0, 0);
        return;
    }

    /*
     * Having got the channel number, we now look at
     * the request type string to see if it's something
     * we recognise.
     */
    if (c == ssh->mainchan) {
        /*
         * We recognise "exit-status" and "exit-signal" on
         * the primary channel.
         */
        if (typelen == 11 &&
            !memcmp(type, "exit-status", 11)) {

            ssh->exitcode = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
            logeventf(ssh, "Server sent command exit status %d",
                      ssh->exitcode);
            reply = SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS;

        } else if (typelen == 11 &&
                   !memcmp(type, "exit-signal", 11)) {

            int is_plausible = TRUE, is_int = FALSE;
            char *fmt_sig = "", *fmt_msg = "";
            char *msg;
            int msglen = 0, core = FALSE;
            /* ICK: older versions of OpenSSH (e.g. 3.4p1)
             * provide an `int' for the signal, despite its
             * having been a `string' in the drafts since at
             * least 2001. (Fixed in session.c 1.147.) Try to
             * infer which we can safely parse it as. */
            {
                unsigned char *p = pktin->body +
                    pktin->savedpos;
                long len = pktin->length - pktin->savedpos;
                unsigned long num = GET_32BIT(p); /* what is it? */
                /* If it's 0, it hardly matters; assume string */
                if (num == 0) {
                    is_int = FALSE;
                } else {
                    int maybe_int = FALSE, maybe_str = FALSE;
#define CHECK_HYPOTHESIS(offset, result) \
    do { \
        long q = offset; \
        if (q >= 0 && q+4 <= len) { \
            q = q + 4 + GET_32BIT(p+q); \
            if (q >= 0 && q+4 <= len && \
                    (q = q + 4 + GET_32BIT(p+q)) && q == len) \
                result = TRUE; \
        } \
    } while(0)
                    CHECK_HYPOTHESIS(4+1, maybe_int);
                    CHECK_HYPOTHESIS(4+num+1, maybe_str);
#undef CHECK_HYPOTHESIS
                    if (maybe_int && !maybe_str)
                        is_int = TRUE;
                    else if (!maybe_int && maybe_str)
                        is_int = FALSE;
                    else
                        /* Crikey. Either or neither. Panic. */
                        is_plausible = FALSE;
                }
            }
            if (is_plausible) {
                if (is_int) {
                    /* Old non-standard OpenSSH. */
                    int signum = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
                    fmt_sig = dupprintf(" %d", signum);
                } else {
                    /* As per the drafts. */
                    char *sig;
                    int siglen;
                    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &sig, &siglen);
                    /* Signal name isn't supposed to be blank, but
                     * let's cope gracefully if it is. */
                    if (siglen) {
                        fmt_sig = dupprintf(" \"%.*s\"",
                                            siglen, sig);
                    }
                }
                core = ssh2_pkt_getbool(pktin);
                ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &msg, &msglen);
                if (msglen) {
                    fmt_msg = dupprintf(" (\"%.*s\")", msglen, msg);
                }
                /* ignore lang tag */
            } /* else don't attempt to parse */
            logeventf(ssh, "Server exited on signal%s%s%s",
                      fmt_sig, core ? " (core dumped)" : "",
                      fmt_msg);
            if (*fmt_sig) sfree(fmt_sig);
            if (*fmt_msg) sfree(fmt_msg);
            reply = SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS;

        }
    } else {
        /*
         * This is a channel request we don't know
         * about, so we now either ignore the request
         * or respond with CHANNEL_FAILURE, depending
         * on want_reply.
         */
        reply = SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE;
    }
    if (want_reply) {
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(reply);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->remoteid);
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
    }
}

static void ssh2_msg_global_request(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    char *type;
    int typelen, want_reply;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &type, &typelen);
    want_reply = ssh2_pkt_getbool(pktin);

    /*
     * We currently don't support any global requests
     * at all, so we either ignore the request or
     * respond with REQUEST_FAILURE, depending on
     * want_reply.
     */
    if (want_reply) {
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE);
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
    }
}

static void ssh2_msg_channel_open(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    char *type;
    int typelen;
    char *peeraddr;
    int peeraddrlen;
    int peerport;
    char *error = NULL;
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    unsigned remid, winsize, pktsize;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &type, &typelen);
    c = snew(struct ssh_channel);
    c->ssh = ssh;

    remid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    winsize = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    pktsize = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);

    if (typelen == 3 && !memcmp(type, "x11", 3)) {
        char *addrstr;

        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &peeraddr, &peeraddrlen);
        addrstr = snewn(peeraddrlen+1, char);
        memcpy(addrstr, peeraddr, peeraddrlen);
        addrstr[peeraddrlen] = '\0';
        peerport = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);

        logeventf(ssh, "Received X11 connect request from %s:%d",
                  addrstr, peerport);

        if (!ssh->X11_fwd_enabled)
            error = "X11 forwarding is not enabled";
        else if (x11_init(&c->u.x11.s, ssh->cfg.x11_display, c,
                          ssh->x11auth, addrstr, peerport,
                          &ssh->cfg) != NULL) {
            error = "Unable to open an X11 connection";
        } else {
            logevent("Opening X11 forward connection succeeded");
            c->type = CHAN_X11;
        }

        sfree(addrstr);
    } else if (typelen == 15 &&
               !memcmp(type, "forwarded-tcpip", 15)) {
        struct ssh_rportfwd pf, *realpf;
        char *dummy;
        int dummylen;
        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &dummy, &dummylen);/* skip address */
        pf.sport = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
        ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &peeraddr, &peeraddrlen);
        peerport = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
        realpf = find234(ssh->rportfwds, &pf, NULL);
        logeventf(ssh, "Received remote port %d open request "
                  "from %s:%d", pf.sport, peeraddr, peerport);
        if (realpf == NULL) {
            error = "Remote port is not recognised";
        } else {
            const char *e = pfd_newconnect(&c->u.pfd.s,
                                           realpf->dhost,
                                           realpf->dport, c,
                                           &ssh->cfg,
                                           realpf->pfrec->addressfamily);
            logeventf(ssh, "Attempting to forward remote port to "
                      "%s:%d", realpf->dhost, realpf->dport);
            if (e != NULL) {
                logeventf(ssh, "Port open failed: %s", e);
                error = "Port open failed";
            } else {
                logevent("Forwarded port opened successfully");
                c->type = CHAN_SOCKDATA;
            }
        }
    } else if (typelen == 22 &&
               !memcmp(type, "auth-agent@openssh.com", 3)) {
        if (!ssh->agentfwd_enabled)
            error = "Agent forwarding is not enabled";
        else {
            c->type = CHAN_AGENT;       /* identify channel type */
            c->u.a.lensofar = 0;
        }
    } else {
        error = "Unsupported channel type requested";
    }

    c->remoteid = remid;
    if (error) {
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->remoteid);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, SSH2_OPEN_CONNECT_FAILED);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, error);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "en");       /* language tag */
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
        logeventf(ssh, "Rejected channel open: %s", error);
        sfree(c);
    } else {
        c->localid = alloc_channel_id(ssh);
        c->closes = 0;
        c->v.v2.locwindow = OUR_V2_WINSIZE;
        c->v.v2.remwindow = winsize;
        c->v.v2.remmaxpkt = pktsize;
        bufchain_init(&c->v.v2.outbuffer);
        add234(ssh->channels, c);
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->remoteid);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->localid);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->v.v2.locwindow);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, 0x4000UL);   /* our max pkt size */
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
    }
}

/*
 * Handle the SSH2 userauth and connection layers.
 */
static void do_ssh2_authconn(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                             struct Packet *pktin)
{
    struct do_ssh2_authconn_state {
        enum {
            AUTH_INVALID, AUTH_PUBLICKEY_AGENT, AUTH_PUBLICKEY_FILE,
                AUTH_PASSWORD,
                AUTH_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE
        } method;
        enum {
            AUTH_TYPE_NONE,
                AUTH_TYPE_PUBLICKEY,
                AUTH_TYPE_PUBLICKEY_OFFER_LOUD,
                AUTH_TYPE_PUBLICKEY_OFFER_QUIET,
                AUTH_TYPE_PASSWORD,
                AUTH_TYPE_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE,
                AUTH_TYPE_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE_QUIET
        } type;
        int gotit, need_pw, can_pubkey, can_passwd, can_keyb_inter;
        int tried_pubkey_config, tried_agent;
        int kbd_inter_running, kbd_inter_refused;
        int we_are_in;
        int num_prompts, curr_prompt, echo;
        char username[100];
        int got_username;
        char pwprompt[512];
        char password[100];
        void *publickey_blob;
        int publickey_bloblen;
        unsigned char request[5], *response, *p;
        int responselen;
        int keyi, nkeys;
        int authed;
        char *pkblob, *alg, *commentp;
        int pklen, alglen, commentlen;
        int siglen, retlen, len;
        char *q, *agentreq, *ret;
        int try_send;
        int num_env, env_left, env_ok;
        struct Packet *pktout;
    };
    crState(do_ssh2_authconn_state);

    crBegin(ssh->do_ssh2_authconn_crstate);

    /*
     * Request userauth protocol, and await a response to it.
     */
    s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST);
    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-userauth");
    ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
    crWaitUntilV(pktin);
    if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT) {
        bombout(("Server refused user authentication protocol"));
        crStopV;
    }

    /*
     * We repeat this whole loop, including the username prompt,
     * until we manage a successful authentication. If the user
     * types the wrong _password_, they can be sent back to the
     * beginning to try another username, if this is configured on.
     * (If they specify a username in the config, they are never
     * asked, even if they do give a wrong password.)
     * 
     * I think this best serves the needs of
     * 
     *  - the people who have no configuration, no keys, and just
     *    want to try repeated (username,password) pairs until they
     *    type both correctly
     * 
     *  - people who have keys and configuration but occasionally
     *    need to fall back to passwords
     * 
     *  - people with a key held in Pageant, who might not have
     *    logged in to a particular machine before; so they want to
     *    type a username, and then _either_ their key will be
     *    accepted, _or_ they will type a password. If they mistype
     *    the username they will want to be able to get back and
     *    retype it!
     */
    s->username[0] = '\0';
    s->got_username = FALSE;
    do {
        /*
         * Get a username.
         */
        if (s->got_username && !ssh->cfg.change_username) {
            /*
             * We got a username last time round this loop, and
             * with change_username turned off we don't try to get
             * it again.
             */
        } else if (!*ssh->cfg.username) {
            if (ssh_get_line && !ssh_getline_pw_only) {
                if (!ssh_get_line("login as: ",
                                  s->username, sizeof(s->username), FALSE)) {
                    /*
                     * get_line failed to get a username.
                     * Terminate.
                     */
                    logevent("No username provided. Abandoning session.");
                    ssh->close_expected = TRUE;
                    ssh_closing((Plug)ssh, NULL, 0, 0);
                    crStopV;
                }
            } else {
                int ret;               /* need not be saved across crReturn */
                c_write_str(ssh, "login as: ");
                ssh->send_ok = 1;
                setup_userpass_input(ssh, s->username, sizeof(s->username), 1);
                do {
                    crWaitUntilV(!pktin);
                    ret = process_userpass_input(ssh, in, inlen);
                } while (ret == 0);
                if (ret < 0)
                    cleanup_exit(0);
                c_write_str(ssh, "\r\n");
            }
            s->username[strcspn(s->username, "\n\r")] = '\0';
        } else {
            char *stuff;
            strncpy(s->username, ssh->cfg.username, sizeof(s->username));
            s->username[sizeof(s->username)-1] = '\0';
            if ((flags & FLAG_VERBOSE) || (flags & FLAG_INTERACTIVE)) {
                stuff = dupprintf("Using username \"%s\".\r\n", s->username);
                c_write_str(ssh, stuff);
                sfree(stuff);
            }
        }
        s->got_username = TRUE;

        /*
         * Send an authentication request using method "none": (a)
         * just in case it succeeds, and (b) so that we know what
         * authentication methods we can usefully try next.
         */
        ssh->pkt_ctx &= ~SSH2_PKTCTX_AUTH_MASK;

        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->username);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-connection");/* service requested */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "none");    /* method */
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
        s->type = AUTH_TYPE_NONE;
        s->gotit = FALSE;
        s->we_are_in = FALSE;

        s->tried_pubkey_config = FALSE;
        s->tried_agent = FALSE;
        s->kbd_inter_running = FALSE;
        s->kbd_inter_refused = FALSE;
        /* Load the pub half of ssh->cfg.keyfile so we notice if it's in Pageant */
        if (!filename_is_null(ssh->cfg.keyfile)) {
            int keytype;
            logeventf(ssh, "Reading private key file \"%.150s\"",
                      filename_to_str(&ssh->cfg.keyfile));
            keytype = key_type(&ssh->cfg.keyfile);
            if (keytype == SSH_KEYTYPE_SSH2) {
                s->publickey_blob =
                    ssh2_userkey_loadpub(&ssh->cfg.keyfile, NULL,
                                         &s->publickey_bloblen, NULL);
            } else {
                char *msgbuf;
                logeventf(ssh, "Unable to use this key file (%s)",
                          key_type_to_str(keytype));
                msgbuf = dupprintf("Unable to use key file \"%.150s\""
                                   " (%s)\r\n",
                                   filename_to_str(&ssh->cfg.keyfile),
                                   key_type_to_str(keytype));
                c_write_str(ssh, msgbuf);
                sfree(msgbuf);
                s->publickey_blob = NULL;
            }
        } else
            s->publickey_blob = NULL;

        while (1) {
            /*
             * Wait for the result of the last authentication request.
             */
            if (!s->gotit)
                crWaitUntilV(pktin);
            while (pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER) {
                char *banner;
                int size;
                /*
                 * Don't show the banner if we're operating in
                 * non-verbose non-interactive mode. (It's probably
                 * a script, which means nobody will read the
                 * banner _anyway_, and moreover the printing of
                 * the banner will screw up processing on the
                 * output of (say) plink.)
                 */
                if (flags & (FLAG_VERBOSE | FLAG_INTERACTIVE)) {
                    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &banner, &size);
                    if (banner)
                        c_write_untrusted(ssh, banner, size);
                }
                crWaitUntilV(pktin);
            }
            if (pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS) {
                logevent("Access granted");
                s->we_are_in = TRUE;
                break;
            }

            if (s->kbd_inter_running &&
                pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST) {
                /*
                 * This is either a further set-of-prompts packet
                 * in keyboard-interactive authentication, or it's
                 * the same one and we came back here with `gotit'
                 * set. In the former case, we must reset the
                 * curr_prompt variable.
                 */
                if (!s->gotit)
                    s->curr_prompt = 0;
            } else if (pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ) {
                /* FIXME: perhaps we should support this? */
                bombout(("PASSWD_CHANGEREQ not yet supported"));
                crStopV;
            } else if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE) {
                bombout(("Strange packet received during authentication: type %d",
                         pktin->type));
                crStopV;
            }

            s->gotit = FALSE;

            /*
             * OK, we're now sitting on a USERAUTH_FAILURE message, so
             * we can look at the string in it and know what we can
             * helpfully try next.
             */
            if (pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE) {
                char *methods;
                int methlen;
                ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &methods, &methlen);
                s->kbd_inter_running = FALSE;
                if (!ssh2_pkt_getbool(pktin)) {
                    /*
                     * We have received an unequivocal Access
                     * Denied. This can translate to a variety of
                     * messages:
                     * 
                     *  - if we'd just tried "none" authentication,
                     *    it's not worth printing anything at all
                     * 
                     *  - if we'd just tried a public key _offer_,
                     *    the message should be "Server refused our
                     *    key" (or no message at all if the key
                     *    came from Pageant)
                     * 
                     *  - if we'd just tried anything else, the
                     *    message really should be "Access denied".
                     * 
                     * Additionally, if we'd just tried password
                     * authentication, we should break out of this
                     * whole loop so as to go back to the username
                     * prompt (iff we're configured to allow
                     * username change attempts).
                     */
                    if (s->type == AUTH_TYPE_NONE) {
                        /* do nothing */
                    } else if (s->type == AUTH_TYPE_PUBLICKEY_OFFER_LOUD ||
                               s->type == AUTH_TYPE_PUBLICKEY_OFFER_QUIET) {
                        if (s->type == AUTH_TYPE_PUBLICKEY_OFFER_LOUD)
                            c_write_str(ssh, "Server refused our key\r\n");
                        logevent("Server refused public key");
                    } else if (s->type==AUTH_TYPE_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE_QUIET) {
                        /* server declined keyboard-interactive; ignore */
                    } else {
                        c_write_str(ssh, "Access denied\r\n");
                        logevent("Access denied");
                        if (s->type == AUTH_TYPE_PASSWORD &&
                            ssh->cfg.change_username) {
                            /* XXX perhaps we should allow
                             * keyboard-interactive to do this too? */
                            s->we_are_in = FALSE;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    c_write_str(ssh, "Further authentication required\r\n");
                    logevent("Further authentication required");
                }

                s->can_pubkey =
                    in_commasep_string("publickey", methods, methlen);
                s->can_passwd =
                    in_commasep_string("password", methods, methlen);
                s->can_keyb_inter = ssh->cfg.try_ki_auth &&
                    in_commasep_string("keyboard-interactive", methods, methlen);
            }

            s->method = 0;
            ssh->pkt_ctx &= ~SSH2_PKTCTX_AUTH_MASK;
            s->need_pw = FALSE;

            /*
             * Most password/passphrase prompts will be
             * non-echoing, so we set this to 0 by default.
             * Exception is that some keyboard-interactive prompts
             * can be echoing, in which case we'll set this to 1.
             */
            s->echo = 0;

            if (!s->method && s->can_pubkey &&
                agent_exists() && !s->tried_agent) {
                /*
                 * Attempt public-key authentication using Pageant.
                 */
                void *r;
                s->authed = FALSE;

                ssh->pkt_ctx &= ~SSH2_PKTCTX_AUTH_MASK;
                ssh->pkt_ctx |= SSH2_PKTCTX_PUBLICKEY;

                s->tried_agent = TRUE;

                logevent("Pageant is running. Requesting keys.");

                /* Request the keys held by the agent. */
                PUT_32BIT(s->request, 1);
                s->request[4] = SSH2_AGENTC_REQUEST_IDENTITIES;
                if (!agent_query(s->request, 5, &r, &s->responselen,
                                 ssh_agent_callback, ssh)) {
                    do {
                        crReturnV;
                        if (pktin) {
                            bombout(("Unexpected data from server while"
                                     " waiting for agent response"));
                            crStopV;
                        }
                    } while (pktin || inlen > 0);
                    r = ssh->agent_response;
                    s->responselen = ssh->agent_response_len;
                }
                s->response = (unsigned char *) r;
                if (s->response && s->responselen >= 5 &&
                    s->response[4] == SSH2_AGENT_IDENTITIES_ANSWER) {
                    s->p = s->response + 5;
                    s->nkeys = GET_32BIT(s->p);
                    s->p += 4;
                    {
                        char buf[64];
                        sprintf(buf, "Pageant has %d SSH2 keys", s->nkeys);
                        logevent(buf);
                    }
                    for (s->keyi = 0; s->keyi < s->nkeys; s->keyi++) {
                        void *vret;

                        {
                            char buf[64];
                            sprintf(buf, "Trying Pageant key #%d", s->keyi);
                            logevent(buf);
                        }
                        s->pklen = GET_32BIT(s->p);
                        s->p += 4;
                        if (s->publickey_blob &&
                            s->pklen == s->publickey_bloblen &&
                            !memcmp(s->p, s->publickey_blob,
                                    s->publickey_bloblen)) {
                            logevent("This key matches configured key file");
                            s->tried_pubkey_config = 1;
                        }
                        s->pkblob = (char *)s->p;
                        s->p += s->pklen;
                        s->alglen = GET_32BIT(s->pkblob);
                        s->alg = s->pkblob + 4;
                        s->commentlen = GET_32BIT(s->p);
                        s->p += 4;
                        s->commentp = (char *)s->p;
                        s->p += s->commentlen;
                        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->username);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-connection");        /* service requested */
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "publickey");     /* method */
                        ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, FALSE);     /* no signature included */
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, s->alg, s->alglen);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, s->pkblob, s->pklen);
                        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);

                        crWaitUntilV(pktin);
                        if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK) {
                            logevent("Key refused");
                            continue;
                        }

                        if (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE) {
                            c_write_str(ssh, "Authenticating with "
                                        "public key \"");
                            c_write(ssh, s->commentp, s->commentlen);
                            c_write_str(ssh, "\" from agent\r\n");
                        }

                        /*
                         * Server is willing to accept the key.
                         * Construct a SIGN_REQUEST.
                         */
                        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->username);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-connection");        /* service requested */
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "publickey");     /* method */
                        ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, TRUE);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, s->alg, s->alglen);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, s->pkblob, s->pklen);

                        s->siglen = s->pktout->length - 5 + 4 + 20;
                        if (ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_PK_SESSIONID)
                            s->siglen -= 4;
                        s->len = 1;       /* message type */
                        s->len += 4 + s->pklen; /* key blob */
                        s->len += 4 + s->siglen;        /* data to sign */
                        s->len += 4;      /* flags */
                        s->agentreq = snewn(4 + s->len, char);
                        PUT_32BIT(s->agentreq, s->len);
                        s->q = s->agentreq + 4;
                        *s->q++ = SSH2_AGENTC_SIGN_REQUEST;
                        PUT_32BIT(s->q, s->pklen);
                        s->q += 4;
                        memcpy(s->q, s->pkblob, s->pklen);
                        s->q += s->pklen;
                        PUT_32BIT(s->q, s->siglen);
                        s->q += 4;
                        /* Now the data to be signed... */
                        if (!(ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_PK_SESSIONID)) {
                            PUT_32BIT(s->q, 20);
                            s->q += 4;
                        }
                        memcpy(s->q, ssh->v2_session_id, 20);
                        s->q += 20;
                        memcpy(s->q, s->pktout->data + 5,
                               s->pktout->length - 5);
                        s->q += s->pktout->length - 5;
                        /* And finally the (zero) flags word. */
                        PUT_32BIT(s->q, 0);
                        if (!agent_query(s->agentreq, s->len + 4,
                                         &vret, &s->retlen,
                                         ssh_agent_callback, ssh)) {
                            do {
                                crReturnV;
                                if (pktin) {
                                    bombout(("Unexpected data from server"
                                             " while waiting for agent"
                                             " response"));
                                    crStopV;
                                }
                            } while (pktin || inlen > 0);
                            vret = ssh->agent_response;
                            s->retlen = ssh->agent_response_len;
                        }
                        s->ret = vret;
                        sfree(s->agentreq);
                        if (s->ret) {
                            if (s->ret[4] == SSH2_AGENT_SIGN_RESPONSE) {
                                logevent("Sending Pageant's response");
                                ssh2_add_sigblob(ssh, s->pktout,
                                                 s->pkblob, s->pklen,
                                                 s->ret + 9,
                                                 GET_32BIT(s->ret + 5));
                                ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
                                s->authed = TRUE;
                                break;
                            } else {
                                logevent
                                    ("Pageant failed to answer challenge");
                                sfree(s->ret);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if (s->authed)
                        continue;
                }
                sfree(s->response);
            }

            if (!s->method && s->can_pubkey && s->publickey_blob
                && !s->tried_pubkey_config) {
                unsigned char *pub_blob;
                char *algorithm, *comment;
                int pub_blob_len;

                s->tried_pubkey_config = TRUE;

                ssh->pkt_ctx &= ~SSH2_PKTCTX_AUTH_MASK;
                ssh->pkt_ctx |= SSH2_PKTCTX_PUBLICKEY;

                /*
                 * Try the public key supplied in the configuration.
                 *
                 * First, offer the public blob to see if the server is
                 * willing to accept it.
                 */
                pub_blob =
                    (unsigned char *)ssh2_userkey_loadpub(&ssh->cfg.keyfile,
                                                          &algorithm,
                                                          &pub_blob_len,
                                                          NULL);
                if (pub_blob) {
                    s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->username);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-connection");    /* service requested */
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "publickey"); /* method */
                    ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, FALSE); /* no signature included */
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, algorithm);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, (char *)pub_blob,
                                            pub_blob_len);
                    ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
                    logevent("Offered public key");

                    crWaitUntilV(pktin);
                    if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK) {
                        s->gotit = TRUE;
                        s->type = AUTH_TYPE_PUBLICKEY_OFFER_LOUD;
                        continue;      /* key refused; give up on it */
                    }

                    logevent("Offer of public key accepted");
                    /*
                     * Actually attempt a serious authentication using
                     * the key.
                     */
                    if (ssh2_userkey_encrypted(&ssh->cfg.keyfile, &comment)) {
                        sprintf(s->pwprompt,
                                "Passphrase for key \"%.100s\": ",
                                comment);
                        s->need_pw = TRUE;
                    } else {
                        s->need_pw = FALSE;
                    }
                    if (flags & FLAG_VERBOSE) {
                        c_write_str(ssh, "Authenticating with public key \"");
                        c_write_str(ssh, comment);
                        c_write_str(ssh, "\"\r\n");
                    }
                    s->method = AUTH_PUBLICKEY_FILE;
                }
            }

            if (!s->method && s->can_keyb_inter && !s->kbd_inter_refused &&
                !s->kbd_inter_running) {
                s->method = AUTH_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE;
                s->type = AUTH_TYPE_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE;

                ssh->pkt_ctx &= ~SSH2_PKTCTX_AUTH_MASK;
                ssh->pkt_ctx |= SSH2_PKTCTX_KBDINTER;

                s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->username);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-connection");        /* service requested */
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "keyboard-interactive");  /* method */
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, ""); /* lang */
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "");
                ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);

                crWaitUntilV(pktin);
                if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST) {
                    if (pktin->type == SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE)
                        s->gotit = TRUE;
                    logevent("Keyboard-interactive authentication refused");
                    s->type = AUTH_TYPE_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE_QUIET;
                    s->kbd_inter_refused = TRUE; /* don't try it again */
                    continue;
                }

                s->kbd_inter_running = TRUE;
                s->curr_prompt = 0;
            }

            if (s->kbd_inter_running) {
                s->method = AUTH_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE;
                s->type = AUTH_TYPE_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE;

                ssh->pkt_ctx &= ~SSH2_PKTCTX_AUTH_MASK;
                ssh->pkt_ctx |= SSH2_PKTCTX_KBDINTER;

                if (s->curr_prompt == 0) {
                    /*
                     * We've got a fresh USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST.
                     * Display header data, and start going through
                     * the prompts.
                     */
                    char *name, *inst, *lang;
                    int name_len, inst_len, lang_len;

                    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &name, &name_len);
                    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &inst, &inst_len);
                    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &lang, &lang_len);
                    if (name_len > 0) {
                        c_write_untrusted(ssh, name, name_len);
                        c_write_str(ssh, "\r\n");
                    }
                    if (inst_len > 0) {
                        c_write_untrusted(ssh, inst, inst_len);
                        c_write_str(ssh, "\r\n");
                    }
                    s->num_prompts = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
                }

                /*
                 * If there are prompts remaining in the packet,
                 * display one and get a response.
                 */
                if (s->curr_prompt < s->num_prompts) {
                    char *prompt;
                    int prompt_len;

                    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &prompt, &prompt_len);
                    if (prompt_len > 0) {
                        static const char trunc[] = "<prompt truncated>: ";
                        static const int prlen = sizeof(s->pwprompt) -
                                                 lenof(trunc);
                        if (prompt_len > prlen) {
                            memcpy(s->pwprompt, prompt, prlen);
                            strcpy(s->pwprompt + prlen, trunc);
                        } else {
                            memcpy(s->pwprompt, prompt, prompt_len);
                            s->pwprompt[prompt_len] = '\0';
                        }
                    } else {
                        strcpy(s->pwprompt,
                               "<server failed to send prompt>: ");
                    }
                    s->echo = ssh2_pkt_getbool(pktin);
                    s->need_pw = TRUE;
                } else
                    s->need_pw = FALSE;
            }

            if (!s->method && s->can_passwd) {
                s->method = AUTH_PASSWORD;
                ssh->pkt_ctx &= ~SSH2_PKTCTX_AUTH_MASK;
                ssh->pkt_ctx |= SSH2_PKTCTX_PASSWORD;
                sprintf(s->pwprompt, "%.90s@%.90s's password: ", s->username,
                        ssh->savedhost);
                s->need_pw = TRUE;
            }

            if (s->need_pw) {
                if (ssh_get_line) {
                    if (!ssh_get_line(s->pwprompt, s->password,
                                      sizeof(s->password), TRUE)) {
                        /*
                         * get_line failed to get a password (for
                         * example because one was supplied on the
                         * command line which has already failed to
                         * work). Terminate.
                         */
                        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT);
                        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout,SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "No more passwords available"
                                           " to try");
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "en");    /* language tag */
                        ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, s->pktout);
                        logevent("Unable to authenticate");
                        connection_fatal(ssh->frontend,
                                         "Unable to authenticate");
                        ssh->close_expected = TRUE;
                        ssh_closing((Plug)ssh, NULL, 0, 0);
                        crStopV;
                    }
                } else {
                    int ret;           /* need not be saved across crReturn */
                    c_write_untrusted(ssh, s->pwprompt, strlen(s->pwprompt));
                    ssh->send_ok = 1;

                    setup_userpass_input(ssh, s->password,
                                         sizeof(s->password), s->echo);
                    do {
                        crWaitUntilV(!pktin);
                        ret = process_userpass_input(ssh, in, inlen);
                    } while (ret == 0);
                    if (ret < 0)
                        cleanup_exit(0);
                    c_write_str(ssh, "\r\n");
                }
            }

            if (s->method == AUTH_PUBLICKEY_FILE) {
                /*
                 * We have our passphrase. Now try the actual authentication.
                 */
                struct ssh2_userkey *key;
                const char *error = NULL;

                key = ssh2_load_userkey(&ssh->cfg.keyfile, s->password,
                                        &error);
                if (key == SSH2_WRONG_PASSPHRASE || key == NULL) {
                    if (key == SSH2_WRONG_PASSPHRASE) {
                        c_write_str(ssh, "Wrong passphrase\r\n");
                        s->tried_pubkey_config = FALSE;
                    } else {
                        c_write_str(ssh, "Unable to load private key (");
                        c_write_str(ssh, error);
                        c_write_str(ssh, ")\r\n");
                        s->tried_pubkey_config = TRUE;
                    }
                    /* Send a spurious AUTH_NONE to return to the top. */
                    s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->username);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-connection");    /* service requested */
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "none");      /* method */
                    ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
                    s->type = AUTH_TYPE_NONE;
                } else {
                    unsigned char *pkblob, *sigblob, *sigdata;
                    int pkblob_len, sigblob_len, sigdata_len;
                    int p;

                    /*
                     * We have loaded the private key and the server
                     * has announced that it's willing to accept it.
                     * Hallelujah. Generate a signature and send it.
                     */
                    s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->username);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-connection");    /* service requested */
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "publickey"); /* method */
                    ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, TRUE);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, key->alg->name);
                    pkblob = key->alg->public_blob(key->data, &pkblob_len);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, (char *)pkblob, pkblob_len);

                    /*
                     * The data to be signed is:
                     *
                     *   string  session-id
                     *
                     * followed by everything so far placed in the
                     * outgoing packet.
                     */
                    sigdata_len = s->pktout->length - 5 + 4 + 20;
                    if (ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_PK_SESSIONID)
                        sigdata_len -= 4;
                    sigdata = snewn(sigdata_len, unsigned char);
                    p = 0;
                    if (!(ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_SSH2_PK_SESSIONID)) {
                        PUT_32BIT(sigdata+p, 20);
                        p += 4;
                    }
                    memcpy(sigdata+p, ssh->v2_session_id, 20); p += 20;
                    memcpy(sigdata+p, s->pktout->data + 5,
                           s->pktout->length - 5);
                    p += s->pktout->length - 5;
                    assert(p == sigdata_len);
                    sigblob = key->alg->sign(key->data, (char *)sigdata,
                                             sigdata_len, &sigblob_len);
                    ssh2_add_sigblob(ssh, s->pktout, pkblob, pkblob_len,
                                     sigblob, sigblob_len);
                    sfree(pkblob);
                    sfree(sigblob);
                    sfree(sigdata);

                    ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
                    s->type = AUTH_TYPE_PUBLICKEY;
                    key->alg->freekey(key->data);
                }
            } else if (s->method == AUTH_PASSWORD) {
                /*
                 * We send the password packet lumped tightly together with
                 * an SSH_MSG_IGNORE packet. The IGNORE packet contains a
                 * string long enough to make the total length of the two
                 * packets constant. This should ensure that a passive
                 * listener doing traffic analyis can't work out the length
                 * of the password.
                 *
                 * For this to work, we need an assumption about the
                 * maximum length of the password packet. I think 256 is
                 * pretty conservative. Anyone using a password longer than
                 * that probably doesn't have much to worry about from
                 * people who find out how long their password is!
                 */
                s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->username);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "ssh-connection");        /* service requested */
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "password");
                ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, FALSE);
                dont_log_password(ssh, s->pktout, PKTLOG_BLANK);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->password);
                memset(s->password, 0, sizeof(s->password));
                end_log_omission(ssh, s->pktout);
                ssh2_pkt_defer(ssh, s->pktout);
                /*
                 * We'll include a string that's an exact multiple of the
                 * cipher block size. If the cipher is NULL for some
                 * reason, we don't do this trick at all because we gain
                 * nothing by it.
                 */
                if (ssh->cscipher) {
                    int stringlen, i;

                    stringlen = (256 - ssh->deferred_len);
                    stringlen += ssh->cscipher->blksize - 1;
                    stringlen -= (stringlen % ssh->cscipher->blksize);
                    if (ssh->cscomp) {
                        /*
                         * Temporarily disable actual compression,
                         * so we can guarantee to get this string
                         * exactly the length we want it. The
                         * compression-disabling routine should
                         * return an integer indicating how many
                         * bytes we should adjust our string length
                         * by.
                         */
                        stringlen -= 
                            ssh->cscomp->disable_compression(ssh->cs_comp_ctx);
                    }
                    s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_IGNORE);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
                    for (i = 0; i < stringlen; i++) {
                        char c = (char) random_byte();
                        ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, &c, 1);
                    }
                    ssh2_pkt_defer(ssh, s->pktout);
                }
                ssh_pkt_defersend(ssh);
                logevent("Sent password");
                s->type = AUTH_TYPE_PASSWORD;
            } else if (s->method == AUTH_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE) {
                if (s->curr_prompt == 0) {
                    s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE);
                    ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, s->num_prompts);
                }
                if (s->need_pw) {      /* only add pw if we just got one! */
                    dont_log_password(ssh, s->pktout, PKTLOG_BLANK);
                    ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, s->password);
                    memset(s->password, 0, sizeof(s->password));
                    end_log_omission(ssh, s->pktout);
                    s->curr_prompt++;
                }
                if (s->curr_prompt >= s->num_prompts) {
                    ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
                } else {
                    /*
                     * If there are prompts remaining, we set
                     * `gotit' so that we won't attempt to get
                     * another packet. Then we go back round the
                     * loop and will end up retrieving another
                     * prompt out of the existing packet. Funky or
                     * what?
                     */
                    s->gotit = TRUE;
                }
                s->type = AUTH_TYPE_KEYBOARD_INTERACTIVE;
            } else {
                c_write_str(ssh, "No supported authentication methods"
                            " left to try!\r\n");
                logevent("No supported authentications offered."
                         " Disconnecting");
                s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT);
                ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "No supported authentication"
                                   " methods available");
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "en");    /* language tag */
                ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, s->pktout);
                ssh->close_expected = TRUE;
                ssh_closing((Plug)ssh, NULL, 0, 0);
                crStopV;
            }
        }
    } while (!s->we_are_in);

    /*
     * Now we're authenticated for the connection protocol. The
     * connection protocol will automatically have started at this
     * point; there's no need to send SERVICE_REQUEST.
     */

    ssh->channels = newtree234(ssh_channelcmp);

    /*
     * Set up handlers for some connection protocol messages, so we
     * don't have to handle them repeatedly in this coroutine.
     */
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST] =
        ssh2_msg_channel_window_adjust;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST] =
        ssh2_msg_global_request;

    /*
     * Create the main session channel.
     */
    if (!ssh->cfg.ssh_no_shell) {
        ssh->mainchan = snew(struct ssh_channel);
        ssh->mainchan->ssh = ssh;
        ssh->mainchan->localid = alloc_channel_id(ssh);
        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "session");
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->mainchan->localid);
        ssh->mainchan->v.v2.locwindow = OUR_V2_WINSIZE;
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->mainchan->v.v2.locwindow);/* our window size */
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, 0x4000UL);      /* our max pkt size */
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
        crWaitUntilV(pktin);
        if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION) {
            bombout(("Server refused to open a session"));
            crStopV;
            /* FIXME: error data comes back in FAILURE packet */
        }
        if (ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin) != ssh->mainchan->localid) {
            bombout(("Server's channel confirmation cited wrong channel"));
            crStopV;
        }
        ssh->mainchan->remoteid = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
        ssh->mainchan->type = CHAN_MAINSESSION;
        ssh->mainchan->closes = 0;
        ssh->mainchan->v.v2.remwindow = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
        ssh->mainchan->v.v2.remmaxpkt = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
        bufchain_init(&ssh->mainchan->v.v2.outbuffer);
        add234(ssh->channels, ssh->mainchan);
        update_specials_menu(ssh->frontend);
        logevent("Opened channel for session");
    } else
        ssh->mainchan = NULL;

    /*
     * Now we have a channel, make dispatch table entries for
     * general channel-based messages.
     */
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA] =
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA] =
        ssh2_msg_channel_data;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF] = ssh2_msg_channel_eof;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE] = ssh2_msg_channel_close;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION] =
        ssh2_msg_channel_open_confirmation;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE] =
        ssh2_msg_channel_open_failure;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST] =
        ssh2_msg_channel_request;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN] =
        ssh2_msg_channel_open;

    /*
     * Potentially enable X11 forwarding.
     */
    if (ssh->mainchan && ssh->cfg.x11_forward) {
        char proto[20], data[64];
        logevent("Requesting X11 forwarding");
        ssh->x11auth = x11_invent_auth(proto, sizeof(proto),
                                       data, sizeof(data), ssh->cfg.x11_auth);
        x11_get_real_auth(ssh->x11auth, ssh->cfg.x11_display);
        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "x11-req");
        ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, 1);        /* want reply */
        ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, 0);        /* many connections */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, proto);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, data);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, x11_get_screen_number(ssh->cfg.x11_display));
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);

        crWaitUntilV(pktin);

        if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS) {
            if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE) {
                bombout(("Unexpected response to X11 forwarding request:"
                         " packet type %d", pktin->type));
                crStopV;
            }
            logevent("X11 forwarding refused");
        } else {
            logevent("X11 forwarding enabled");
            ssh->X11_fwd_enabled = TRUE;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Enable port forwardings.
     */
    ssh_setup_portfwd(ssh, &ssh->cfg);

    /*
     * Potentially enable agent forwarding.
     */
    if (ssh->mainchan && ssh->cfg.agentfwd && agent_exists()) {
        logevent("Requesting OpenSSH-style agent forwarding");
        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "auth-agent-req@openssh.com");
        ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, 1);        /* want reply */
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);

        crWaitUntilV(pktin);

        if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS) {
            if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE) {
                bombout(("Unexpected response to agent forwarding request:"
                         " packet type %d", pktin->type));
                crStopV;
            }
            logevent("Agent forwarding refused");
        } else {
            logevent("Agent forwarding enabled");
            ssh->agentfwd_enabled = TRUE;
        }
    }

    /*
     * Now allocate a pty for the session.
     */
    if (ssh->mainchan && !ssh->cfg.nopty) {
        /* Unpick the terminal-speed string. */
        /* XXX perhaps we should allow no speeds to be sent. */
        ssh->ospeed = 38400; ssh->ispeed = 38400; /* last-resort defaults */
        sscanf(ssh->cfg.termspeed, "%d,%d", &ssh->ospeed, &ssh->ispeed);
        /* Build the pty request. */
        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid); /* recipient channel */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "pty-req");
        ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, 1);        /* want reply */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, ssh->cfg.termtype);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->term_width);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->term_height);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, 0);              /* pixel width */
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, 0);              /* pixel height */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
        ssh2_pkt_addbyte(s->pktout, 128);              /* TTY_OP_ISPEED */
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->ispeed);
        ssh2_pkt_addbyte(s->pktout, 129);              /* TTY_OP_OSPEED */
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->ospeed);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, "\0", 1); /* TTY_OP_END */
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);
        ssh->state = SSH_STATE_INTERMED;

        crWaitUntilV(pktin);

        if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS) {
            if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE) {
                bombout(("Unexpected response to pty request:"
                         " packet type %d", pktin->type));
                crStopV;
            }
            c_write_str(ssh, "Server refused to allocate pty\r\n");
            ssh->editing = ssh->echoing = 1;
        } else {
            logeventf(ssh, "Allocated pty (ospeed %dbps, ispeed %dbps)",
                      ssh->ospeed, ssh->ispeed);
        }
    } else {
        ssh->editing = ssh->echoing = 1;
    }

    /*
     * Send environment variables.
     * 
     * Simplest thing here is to send all the requests at once, and
     * then wait for a whole bunch of successes or failures.
     */
    if (ssh->mainchan && *ssh->cfg.environmt) {
        char *e = ssh->cfg.environmt;
        char *var, *varend, *val;

        s->num_env = 0;

        while (*e) {
            var = e;
            while (*e && *e != '\t') e++;
            varend = e;
            if (*e == '\t') e++;
            val = e;
            while (*e) e++;
            e++;

            s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
            ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid);
            ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "env");
            ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, 1);            /* want reply */
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(s->pktout);
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_data(s->pktout, var, varend-var);
            ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, val);
            ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);

            s->num_env++;
        }

        logeventf(ssh, "Sent %d environment variables", s->num_env);

        s->env_ok = 0;
        s->env_left = s->num_env;

        while (s->env_left > 0) {
            crWaitUntilV(pktin);

            if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS) {
                if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE) {
                    bombout(("Unexpected response to environment request:"
                             " packet type %d", pktin->type));
                    crStopV;
                }
            } else {
                s->env_ok++;
            }

            s->env_left--;
        }

        if (s->env_ok == s->num_env) {
            logevent("All environment variables successfully set");
        } else if (s->env_ok == 0) {
            logevent("All environment variables refused");
            c_write_str(ssh, "Server refused to set environment variables\r\n");
        } else {
            logeventf(ssh, "%d environment variables refused",
                      s->num_env - s->env_ok);
            c_write_str(ssh, "Server refused to set all environment variables\r\n");
        }
    }

    /*
     * Start a shell or a remote command. We may have to attempt
     * this twice if the config data has provided a second choice
     * of command.
     */
    if (ssh->mainchan) while (1) {
        int subsys;
        char *cmd;

        if (ssh->fallback_cmd) {
            subsys = ssh->cfg.ssh_subsys2;
            cmd = ssh->cfg.remote_cmd_ptr2;
        } else {
            subsys = ssh->cfg.ssh_subsys;
            cmd = ssh->cfg.remote_cmd_ptr;
        }

        s->pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(s->pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid); /* recipient channel */
        if (subsys) {
            ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "subsystem");
            ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, 1);            /* want reply */
            ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, cmd);
        } else if (*cmd) {
            ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "exec");
            ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, 1);            /* want reply */
            ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, cmd);
        } else {
            ssh2_pkt_addstring(s->pktout, "shell");
            ssh2_pkt_addbool(s->pktout, 1);            /* want reply */
        }
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, s->pktout);

        crWaitUntilV(pktin);

        if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS) {
            if (pktin->type != SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE) {
                bombout(("Unexpected response to shell/command request:"
                         " packet type %d", pktin->type));
                crStopV;
            }
            /*
             * We failed to start the command. If this is the
             * fallback command, we really are finished; if it's
             * not, and if the fallback command exists, try falling
             * back to it before complaining.
             */
            if (!ssh->fallback_cmd && ssh->cfg.remote_cmd_ptr2 != NULL) {
                logevent("Primary command failed; attempting fallback");
                ssh->fallback_cmd = TRUE;
                continue;
            }
            bombout(("Server refused to start a shell/command"));
            crStopV;
        } else {
            logevent("Started a shell/command");
        }
        break;
    }

    ssh->state = SSH_STATE_SESSION;
    if (ssh->size_needed)
        ssh_size(ssh, ssh->term_width, ssh->term_height);
    if (ssh->eof_needed)
        ssh_special(ssh, TS_EOF);

    /*
     * Transfer data!
     */
    if (ssh->ldisc)
        ldisc_send(ssh->ldisc, NULL, 0, 0);/* cause ldisc to notice changes */
    if (ssh->mainchan)
        ssh->send_ok = 1;
    while (1) {
        crReturnV;
        s->try_send = FALSE;
        if (pktin) {

            /*
             * _All_ the connection-layer packets we expect to
             * receive are now handled by the dispatch table.
             * Anything that reaches here must be bogus.
             */

            bombout(("Strange packet received: type %d", pktin->type));
            crStopV;
        } else if (ssh->mainchan) {
            /*
             * We have spare data. Add it to the channel buffer.
             */
            ssh2_add_channel_data(ssh->mainchan, (char *)in, inlen);
            s->try_send = TRUE;
        }
        if (s->try_send) {
            int i;
            struct ssh_channel *c;
            /*
             * Try to send data on all channels if we can.
             */
            for (i = 0; NULL != (c = index234(ssh->channels, i)); i++) {
                int bufsize;
                if (c->closes)
                    continue;          /* don't send on closing channels */
                bufsize = ssh2_try_send(c);
                if (bufsize == 0) {
                    switch (c->type) {
                      case CHAN_MAINSESSION:
                        /* stdin need not receive an unthrottle
                         * notification since it will be polled */
                        break;
                      case CHAN_X11:
                        x11_unthrottle(c->u.x11.s);
                        break;
                      case CHAN_AGENT:
                        /* agent sockets are request/response and need no
                         * buffer management */
                        break;
                      case CHAN_SOCKDATA:
                        pfd_unthrottle(c->u.pfd.s);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    crFinishV;
}

/*
 * Handlers for SSH2 messages that might arrive at any moment.
 */
void ssh2_msg_disconnect(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* log reason code in disconnect message */
    char *buf, *msg;
    int nowlen, reason, msglen;

    reason = ssh_pkt_getuint32(pktin);
    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &msg, &msglen);

    if (reason > 0 && reason < lenof(ssh2_disconnect_reasons)) {
        buf = dupprintf("Received disconnect message (%s)",
                        ssh2_disconnect_reasons[reason]);
    } else {
        buf = dupprintf("Received disconnect message (unknown"
                        " type %d)", reason);
    }
    logevent(buf);
    sfree(buf);
    buf = dupprintf("Disconnection message text: %n%.*s",
                    &nowlen, msglen, msg);
    logevent(buf);
    bombout(("Server sent disconnect message\ntype %d (%s):\n\"%s\"",
             reason,
             (reason > 0 && reason < lenof(ssh2_disconnect_reasons)) ?
             ssh2_disconnect_reasons[reason] : "unknown",
             buf+nowlen));
    sfree(buf);
}

void ssh2_msg_debug(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    /* log the debug message */
    char *buf, *msg;
    int msglen;
    int always_display;

    /* XXX maybe we should actually take notice of this */
    always_display = ssh2_pkt_getbool(pktin);
    ssh_pkt_getstring(pktin, &msg, &msglen);

    buf = dupprintf("Remote debug message: %.*s", msglen, msg);
    logevent(buf);
    sfree(buf);
}

void ssh2_msg_something_unimplemented(Ssh ssh, struct Packet *pktin)
{
    struct Packet *pktout;
    pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED);
    ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, pktin->sequence);
    /*
     * UNIMPLEMENTED messages MUST appear in the same order as the
     * messages they respond to. Hence, never queue them.
     */
    ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, pktout);
}

/*
 * Handle the top-level SSH2 protocol.
 */
static void ssh2_protocol_setup(Ssh ssh)
{
    int i;

    /*
     * Most messages cause SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED.
     */
    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
        ssh->packet_dispatch[i] = ssh2_msg_something_unimplemented;

    /*
     * Any message we actually understand, we set to NULL so that
     * the coroutines will get it.
     */
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY] = NULL;
    /* ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST] = NULL; duplicate case value */
    /* ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP] = NULL; duplicate case value */
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK] = NULL;
    /* ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ] = NULL; duplicate case value */
    /* ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST] = NULL; duplicate case value */
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS] = NULL;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE] = NULL;

    /*
     * These special message types we install handlers for.
     */
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT] = ssh2_msg_disconnect;
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_IGNORE] = ssh_msg_ignore; /* shared with ssh1 */
    ssh->packet_dispatch[SSH2_MSG_DEBUG] = ssh2_msg_debug;
}

static void ssh2_timer(void *ctx, long now)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh)ctx;

    if (!ssh->kex_in_progress && ssh->cfg.ssh_rekey_time != 0 &&
        now - ssh->next_rekey >= 0) {
        do_ssh2_transport(ssh, "timeout", -1, NULL);
    }
}

static void ssh2_protocol(Ssh ssh, unsigned char *in, int inlen,
                          struct Packet *pktin)
{
    if (ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED)
        return;

    if (pktin) {
        ssh->incoming_data_size += pktin->encrypted_len;
        if (!ssh->kex_in_progress &&
            ssh->max_data_size != 0 &&
            ssh->incoming_data_size > ssh->max_data_size)
            do_ssh2_transport(ssh, "too much data received", -1, NULL);
    }

    if (pktin && ssh->packet_dispatch[pktin->type]) {
        ssh->packet_dispatch[pktin->type](ssh, pktin);
        return;
    }

    if (!ssh->protocol_initial_phase_done ||
        (pktin && pktin->type >= 20 && pktin->type < 50)) {
        if (do_ssh2_transport(ssh, in, inlen, pktin) &&
            !ssh->protocol_initial_phase_done) {
            ssh->protocol_initial_phase_done = TRUE;
            /*
             * Allow authconn to initialise itself.
             */
            do_ssh2_authconn(ssh, NULL, 0, NULL);
        }
    } else {
        do_ssh2_authconn(ssh, in, inlen, pktin);
    }
}

/*
 * Called to set up the connection.
 *
 * Returns an error message, or NULL on success.
 */
static const char *ssh_init(void *frontend_handle, void **backend_handle,
                            Config *cfg,
                            char *host, int port, char **realhost, int nodelay,
                            int keepalive)
{
    const char *p;
    Ssh ssh;

    ssh = snew(struct ssh_tag);
    ssh->cfg = *cfg;                   /* STRUCTURE COPY */
    ssh->version = 0;                  /* when not ready yet */
    ssh->s = NULL;
    ssh->cipher = NULL;
    ssh->v1_cipher_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->crcda_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->cscipher = NULL;
    ssh->cs_cipher_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->sccipher = NULL;
    ssh->sc_cipher_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->csmac = NULL;
    ssh->cs_mac_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->scmac = NULL;
    ssh->sc_mac_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->cscomp = NULL;
    ssh->cs_comp_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->sccomp = NULL;
    ssh->sc_comp_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->kex = NULL;
    ssh->kex_ctx = NULL;
    ssh->hostkey = NULL;
    ssh->exitcode = -1;
    ssh->close_expected = FALSE;
    ssh->state = SSH_STATE_PREPACKET;
    ssh->size_needed = FALSE;
    ssh->eof_needed = FALSE;
    ssh->ldisc = NULL;
    ssh->logctx = NULL;
    ssh->deferred_send_data = NULL;
    ssh->deferred_len = 0;
    ssh->deferred_size = 0;
    ssh->fallback_cmd = 0;
    ssh->pkt_ctx = 0;
    ssh->x11auth = NULL;
    ssh->v1_compressing = FALSE;
    ssh->v2_outgoing_sequence = 0;
    ssh->ssh1_rdpkt_crstate = 0;
    ssh->ssh2_rdpkt_crstate = 0;
    ssh->do_ssh_init_crstate = 0;
    ssh->ssh_gotdata_crstate = 0;
    ssh->do_ssh1_connection_crstate = 0;
    ssh->do_ssh1_login_crstate = 0;
    ssh->do_ssh2_transport_crstate = 0;
    ssh->do_ssh2_authconn_crstate = 0;
    ssh->do_ssh_init_state = NULL;
    ssh->do_ssh1_login_state = NULL;
    ssh->do_ssh2_transport_state = NULL;
    ssh->do_ssh2_authconn_state = NULL;
    ssh->mainchan = NULL;
    ssh->throttled_all = 0;
    ssh->v1_stdout_throttling = 0;
    ssh->queue = NULL;
    ssh->queuelen = ssh->queuesize = 0;
    ssh->queueing = FALSE;
    ssh->qhead = ssh->qtail = NULL;
    ssh->deferred_rekey_reason = NULL;

    *backend_handle = ssh;

#ifdef MSCRYPTOAPI
    if (crypto_startup() == 0)
        return "Microsoft high encryption pack not installed!";
#endif

    ssh->frontend = frontend_handle;
    ssh->term_width = ssh->cfg.width;
    ssh->term_height = ssh->cfg.height;

    ssh->channels = NULL;
    ssh->rportfwds = NULL;
    ssh->portfwds = NULL;

    ssh->send_ok = 0;
    ssh->editing = 0;
    ssh->echoing = 0;
    ssh->v1_throttle_count = 0;
    ssh->overall_bufsize = 0;
    ssh->fallback_cmd = 0;

    ssh->protocol = NULL;

    ssh->protocol_initial_phase_done = FALSE;

    ssh->pinger = NULL;

    ssh->incoming_data_size = ssh->outgoing_data_size =
        ssh->deferred_data_size = 0L;
    ssh->max_data_size = parse_blocksize(ssh->cfg.ssh_rekey_data);
    ssh->kex_in_progress = FALSE;

    p = connect_to_host(ssh, host, port, realhost, nodelay, keepalive);
    if (p != NULL)
        return p;

    random_ref();

    return NULL;
}

static void ssh_free(void *handle)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    struct ssh_rportfwd *pf;

    if (ssh->v1_cipher_ctx)
        ssh->cipher->free_context(ssh->v1_cipher_ctx);
    if (ssh->cs_cipher_ctx)
        ssh->cscipher->free_context(ssh->cs_cipher_ctx);
    if (ssh->sc_cipher_ctx)
        ssh->sccipher->free_context(ssh->sc_cipher_ctx);
    if (ssh->cs_mac_ctx)
        ssh->csmac->free_context(ssh->cs_mac_ctx);
    if (ssh->sc_mac_ctx)
        ssh->scmac->free_context(ssh->sc_mac_ctx);
    if (ssh->cs_comp_ctx) {
        if (ssh->cscomp)
            ssh->cscomp->compress_cleanup(ssh->cs_comp_ctx);
        else
            zlib_compress_cleanup(ssh->cs_comp_ctx);
    }
    if (ssh->sc_comp_ctx) {
        if (ssh->sccomp)
            ssh->sccomp->decompress_cleanup(ssh->sc_comp_ctx);
        else
            zlib_decompress_cleanup(ssh->sc_comp_ctx);
    }
    if (ssh->kex_ctx)
        dh_cleanup(ssh->kex_ctx);
    sfree(ssh->savedhost);

    while (ssh->queuelen-- > 0)
        ssh_free_packet(ssh->queue[ssh->queuelen]);
    sfree(ssh->queue);

    while (ssh->qhead) {
        struct queued_handler *qh = ssh->qhead;
        ssh->qhead = qh->next;
        sfree(ssh->qhead);
    }
    ssh->qhead = ssh->qtail = NULL;

    if (ssh->channels) {
        while ((c = delpos234(ssh->channels, 0)) != NULL) {
            switch (c->type) {
              case CHAN_X11:
                if (c->u.x11.s != NULL)
                    x11_close(c->u.x11.s);
                break;
              case CHAN_SOCKDATA:
                if (c->u.pfd.s != NULL)
                    pfd_close(c->u.pfd.s);
                break;
            }
            sfree(c);
        }
        freetree234(ssh->channels);
        ssh->channels = NULL;
    }

    if (ssh->rportfwds) {
        while ((pf = delpos234(ssh->rportfwds, 0)) != NULL)
            sfree(pf);
        freetree234(ssh->rportfwds);
        ssh->rportfwds = NULL;
    }
    sfree(ssh->deferred_send_data);
    if (ssh->x11auth)
        x11_free_auth(ssh->x11auth);
    sfree(ssh->do_ssh_init_state);
    sfree(ssh->do_ssh1_login_state);
    sfree(ssh->do_ssh2_transport_state);
    sfree(ssh->do_ssh2_authconn_state);
    if (ssh->crcda_ctx) {
        crcda_free_context(ssh->crcda_ctx);
        ssh->crcda_ctx = NULL;
    }
    if (ssh->s)
        ssh_do_close(ssh, TRUE);
    expire_timer_context(ssh);
    if (ssh->pinger)
        pinger_free(ssh->pinger);
    sfree(ssh);

    random_unref();
}

/*
 * Reconfigure the SSH backend.
 */
static void ssh_reconfig(void *handle, Config *cfg)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    char *rekeying = NULL, rekey_mandatory = FALSE;
    unsigned long old_max_data_size;

    pinger_reconfig(ssh->pinger, &ssh->cfg, cfg);
    ssh_setup_portfwd(ssh, cfg);

    if (ssh->cfg.ssh_rekey_time != cfg->ssh_rekey_time &&
        cfg->ssh_rekey_time != 0) {
        long new_next = ssh->last_rekey + cfg->ssh_rekey_time*60*TICKSPERSEC;
        long now = GETTICKCOUNT();

        if (new_next - now < 0) {
            rekeying = "timeout shortened";
        } else {
            ssh->next_rekey = schedule_timer(new_next - now, ssh2_timer, ssh);
        }
    }

    old_max_data_size = ssh->max_data_size;
    ssh->max_data_size = parse_blocksize(cfg->ssh_rekey_data);
    if (old_max_data_size != ssh->max_data_size &&
        ssh->max_data_size != 0) {
        if (ssh->outgoing_data_size > ssh->max_data_size ||
            ssh->incoming_data_size > ssh->max_data_size)
            rekeying = "data limit lowered";
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.compression != cfg->compression) {
        rekeying = "compression setting changed";
        rekey_mandatory = TRUE;
    }

    if (ssh->cfg.ssh2_des_cbc != cfg->ssh2_des_cbc ||
        memcmp(ssh->cfg.ssh_cipherlist, cfg->ssh_cipherlist,
               sizeof(ssh->cfg.ssh_cipherlist))) {
        rekeying = "cipher settings changed";
        rekey_mandatory = TRUE;
    }

    ssh->cfg = *cfg;                   /* STRUCTURE COPY */

    if (rekeying) {
        if (!ssh->kex_in_progress) {
            do_ssh2_transport(ssh, rekeying, -1, NULL);
        } else if (rekey_mandatory) {
            ssh->deferred_rekey_reason = rekeying;
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Called to send data down the Telnet connection.
 */
static int ssh_send(void *handle, char *buf, int len)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;

    if (ssh == NULL || ssh->s == NULL || ssh->protocol == NULL)
        return 0;

    ssh->protocol(ssh, (unsigned char *)buf, len, 0);

    return ssh_sendbuffer(ssh);
}

/*
 * Called to query the current amount of buffered stdin data.
 */
static int ssh_sendbuffer(void *handle)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    int override_value;

    if (ssh == NULL || ssh->s == NULL || ssh->protocol == NULL)
        return 0;

    /*
     * If the SSH socket itself has backed up, add the total backup
     * size on that to any individual buffer on the stdin channel.
     */
    override_value = 0;
    if (ssh->throttled_all)
        override_value = ssh->overall_bufsize;

    if (ssh->version == 1) {
        return override_value;
    } else if (ssh->version == 2) {
        if (!ssh->mainchan || ssh->mainchan->closes > 0)
            return override_value;
        else
            return (override_value +
                    bufchain_size(&ssh->mainchan->v.v2.outbuffer));
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * Called to set the size of the window from SSH's POV.
 */
static void ssh_size(void *handle, int width, int height)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    ssh->term_width = width;
    ssh->term_height = height;

    switch (ssh->state) {
      case SSH_STATE_BEFORE_SIZE:
      case SSH_STATE_PREPACKET:
      case SSH_STATE_CLOSED:
        break;                         /* do nothing */
      case SSH_STATE_INTERMED:
        ssh->size_needed = TRUE;       /* buffer for later */
        break;
      case SSH_STATE_SESSION:
        if (!ssh->cfg.nopty) {
            if (ssh->version == 1) {
                send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_WINDOW_SIZE,
                            PKT_INT, ssh->term_height,
                            PKT_INT, ssh->term_width,
                            PKT_INT, 0, PKT_INT, 0, PKT_END);
            } else if (ssh->mainchan) {
                pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
                ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "window-change");
                ssh2_pkt_addbool(pktout, 0);
                ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, ssh->term_width);
                ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, ssh->term_height);
                ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, 0);
                ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, 0);
                ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
            }
        }
        break;
    }
}

/*
 * Return a list of the special codes that make sense in this
 * protocol.
 */
static const struct telnet_special *ssh_get_specials(void *handle)
{
    static const struct telnet_special ssh1_ignore_special[] = {
        {"IGNORE message", TS_NOP}
    };
    static const struct telnet_special ssh2_transport_specials[] = {
        {"IGNORE message", TS_NOP},
        {"Repeat key exchange", TS_REKEY},
    };
    static const struct telnet_special ssh2_session_specials[] = {
        {NULL, TS_SEP},
        {"Break", TS_BRK},
        /* These are the signal names defined by draft-ietf-secsh-connect-23.
         * They include all the ISO C signals, but are a subset of the POSIX
         * required signals. */
        {"SIGINT (Interrupt)", TS_SIGINT},
        {"SIGTERM (Terminate)", TS_SIGTERM},
        {"SIGKILL (Kill)", TS_SIGKILL},
        {"SIGQUIT (Quit)", TS_SIGQUIT},
        {"SIGHUP (Hangup)", TS_SIGHUP},
        {"More signals", TS_SUBMENU},
          {"SIGABRT", TS_SIGABRT}, {"SIGALRM", TS_SIGALRM},
          {"SIGFPE",  TS_SIGFPE},  {"SIGILL",  TS_SIGILL},
          {"SIGPIPE", TS_SIGPIPE}, {"SIGSEGV", TS_SIGSEGV},
          {"SIGUSR1", TS_SIGUSR1}, {"SIGUSR2", TS_SIGUSR2},
        {NULL, TS_EXITMENU}
    };
    static const struct telnet_special specials_end[] = {
        {NULL, TS_EXITMENU}
    };
    /* XXX review this length for any changes: */
    static struct telnet_special ssh_specials[lenof(ssh2_transport_specials) +
                                              lenof(ssh2_session_specials) +
                                              lenof(specials_end)];
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    int i = 0;
#define ADD_SPECIALS(name) \
    do { \
        assert((i + lenof(name)) <= lenof(ssh_specials)); \
        memcpy(&ssh_specials[i], name, sizeof name); \
        i += lenof(name); \
    } while(0)

    if (ssh->version == 1) {
        /* Don't bother offering IGNORE if we've decided the remote
         * won't cope with it, since we wouldn't bother sending it if
         * asked anyway. */
        if (!(ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_CHOKES_ON_SSH1_IGNORE))
            ADD_SPECIALS(ssh1_ignore_special);
    } else if (ssh->version == 2) {
        ADD_SPECIALS(ssh2_transport_specials);
        if (ssh->mainchan)
            ADD_SPECIALS(ssh2_session_specials);
    } /* else we're not ready yet */

    if (i) {
        ADD_SPECIALS(specials_end);
        return ssh_specials;
    } else {
        return NULL;
    }
#undef ADD_SPECIALS
}

/*
 * Send Telnet special codes. TS_EOF is useful for `plink', so you
 * can send an EOF and collect resulting output (e.g. `plink
 * hostname sort').
 */
static void ssh_special(void *handle, Telnet_Special code)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    if (code == TS_EOF) {
        if (ssh->state != SSH_STATE_SESSION) {
            /*
             * Buffer the EOF in case we are pre-SESSION, so we can
             * send it as soon as we reach SESSION.
             */
            if (code == TS_EOF)
                ssh->eof_needed = TRUE;
            return;
        }
        if (ssh->version == 1) {
            send_packet(ssh, SSH1_CMSG_EOF, PKT_END);
        } else if (ssh->mainchan) {
            struct Packet *pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF);
            ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid);
            ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
        }
        logevent("Sent EOF message");
    } else if (code == TS_PING || code == TS_NOP) {
        if (ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED
            || ssh->state == SSH_STATE_PREPACKET) return;
        if (ssh->version == 1) {
            if (!(ssh->remote_bugs & BUG_CHOKES_ON_SSH1_IGNORE))
                send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_IGNORE, PKT_STR, "", PKT_END);
        } else {
            pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_IGNORE);
            ssh2_pkt_addstring_start(pktout);
            ssh2_pkt_send_noqueue(ssh, pktout);
        }
    } else if (code == TS_REKEY) {
        if (!ssh->kex_in_progress && ssh->version == 2) {
            do_ssh2_transport(ssh, "at user request", -1, NULL);
        }
    } else if (code == TS_BRK) {
        if (ssh->state == SSH_STATE_CLOSED
            || ssh->state == SSH_STATE_PREPACKET) return;
        if (ssh->version == 1) {
            logevent("Unable to send BREAK signal in SSH1");
        } else if (ssh->mainchan) {
            pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
            ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid);
            ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "break");
            ssh2_pkt_addbool(pktout, 0);
            ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, 0);   /* default break length */
            ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
        }
    } else {
        /* Is is a POSIX signal? */
        char *signame = NULL;
        if (code == TS_SIGABRT) signame = "ABRT";
        if (code == TS_SIGALRM) signame = "ALRM";
        if (code == TS_SIGFPE)  signame = "FPE";
        if (code == TS_SIGHUP)  signame = "HUP";
        if (code == TS_SIGILL)  signame = "ILL";
        if (code == TS_SIGINT)  signame = "INT";
        if (code == TS_SIGKILL) signame = "KILL";
        if (code == TS_SIGPIPE) signame = "PIPE";
        if (code == TS_SIGQUIT) signame = "QUIT";
        if (code == TS_SIGSEGV) signame = "SEGV";
        if (code == TS_SIGTERM) signame = "TERM";
        if (code == TS_SIGUSR1) signame = "USR1";
        if (code == TS_SIGUSR2) signame = "USR2";
        /* The SSH-2 protocol does in principle support arbitrary named
         * signals, including signame@domain, but we don't support those. */
        if (signame) {
            /* It's a signal. */
            if (ssh->version == 2 && ssh->mainchan) {
                pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST);
                ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, ssh->mainchan->remoteid);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "signal");
                ssh2_pkt_addbool(pktout, 0);
                ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, signame);
                ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
                logeventf(ssh, "Sent signal SIG%s", signame);
            }
        } else {
            /* Never heard of it. Do nothing */
        }
    }
}

void *new_sock_channel(void *handle, Socket s)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    struct ssh_channel *c;
    c = snew(struct ssh_channel);
    c->ssh = ssh;

    if (c) {
        c->remoteid = -1;              /* to be set when open confirmed */
        c->localid = alloc_channel_id(ssh);
        c->closes = 0;
        c->type = CHAN_SOCKDATA_DORMANT;/* identify channel type */
        c->u.pfd.s = s;
        bufchain_init(&c->v.v2.outbuffer);
        add234(ssh->channels, c);
    }
    return c;
}

/*
 * This is called when stdout/stderr (the entity to which
 * from_backend sends data) manages to clear some backlog.
 */
static void ssh_unthrottle(void *handle, int bufsize)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    if (ssh->version == 1) {
        if (ssh->v1_stdout_throttling && bufsize < SSH1_BUFFER_LIMIT) {
            ssh->v1_stdout_throttling = 0;
            ssh1_throttle(ssh, -1);
        }
    } else {
        if (ssh->mainchan && ssh->mainchan->closes == 0)
            ssh2_set_window(ssh->mainchan, OUR_V2_WINSIZE - bufsize);
    }
}

void ssh_send_port_open(void *channel, char *hostname, int port, char *org)
{
    struct ssh_channel *c = (struct ssh_channel *)channel;
    Ssh ssh = c->ssh;
    struct Packet *pktout;

    logeventf(ssh, "Opening forwarded connection to %s:%d", hostname, port);

    if (ssh->version == 1) {
        send_packet(ssh, SSH1_MSG_PORT_OPEN,
                    PKT_INT, c->localid,
                    PKT_STR, hostname,
                    PKT_INT, port,
                    /* PKT_STR, <org:orgport>, */
                    PKT_END);
    } else {
        pktout = ssh2_pkt_init(SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN);
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "direct-tcpip");
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->localid);
        c->v.v2.locwindow = OUR_V2_WINSIZE;
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, c->v.v2.locwindow);/* our window size */
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, 0x4000UL);      /* our max pkt size */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, hostname);
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, port);
        /*
         * We make up values for the originator data; partly it's
         * too much hassle to keep track, and partly I'm not
         * convinced the server should be told details like that
         * about my local network configuration.
         */
        ssh2_pkt_addstring(pktout, "client-side-connection");
        ssh2_pkt_adduint32(pktout, 0);
        ssh2_pkt_send(ssh, pktout);
    }
}

static Socket ssh_socket(void *handle)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    return ssh->s;
}

static int ssh_sendok(void *handle)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    return ssh->send_ok;
}

static int ssh_ldisc(void *handle, int option)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    if (option == LD_ECHO)
        return ssh->echoing;
    if (option == LD_EDIT)
        return ssh->editing;
    return FALSE;
}

static void ssh_provide_ldisc(void *handle, void *ldisc)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    ssh->ldisc = ldisc;
}

static void ssh_provide_logctx(void *handle, void *logctx)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    ssh->logctx = logctx;
}

static int ssh_return_exitcode(void *handle)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    if (ssh->s != NULL)
        return -1;
    else
        return (ssh->exitcode >= 0 ? ssh->exitcode : 0);
}

/*
 * cfg_info for SSH is the currently running version of the
 * protocol. (1 for 1; 2 for 2; 0 for not-decided-yet.)
 */
static int ssh_cfg_info(void *handle)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    return ssh->version;
}

/*
 * Gross hack: pscp will try to start SFTP but fall back to scp1 if
 * that fails. This variable is the means by which scp.c can reach
 * into the SSH code and find out which one it got.
 */
extern int ssh_fallback_cmd(void *handle)
{
    Ssh ssh = (Ssh) handle;
    return ssh->fallback_cmd;
}

Backend ssh_backend = {
    ssh_init,
    ssh_free,
    ssh_reconfig,
    ssh_send,
    ssh_sendbuffer,
    ssh_size,
    ssh_special,
    ssh_get_specials,
    ssh_socket,
    ssh_return_exitcode,
    ssh_sendok,
    ssh_ldisc,
    ssh_provide_ldisc,
    ssh_provide_logctx,
    ssh_unthrottle,
    ssh_cfg_info,
    22
};