--- /dev/null
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[british]{babel}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+
+\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ppl}
+\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}
+\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}
+
+\newcommand{\dd}[1]{\mathrm{d}#1}
+\newcommand{\res}{\mathop{\mathrm{res}}\nolimits}
+\newcommand{\punct}[1]{\,\textrm{#1}}
+
+\title{An example document}
+\author{Mark Wooding}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+ This is a simple example of a \LaTeX\ document, demonstrating some
+ important features.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\section{An initial section} \label{sec:init}
+
+This is an initial paragraph
+which doesn't look as though it merits careful attention.
+In fact, however, it demonstrates a few features
+which aren't immediately obvious.
+
+This is a second paragraph,
+which is separated from the first by a blank line.
+No explicit markup was required.
+More interesting things will happen in Section~\ref{sec:next}.
+
+\section{A subsequent section} \label{sec:next}
+
+This is another section. There was a cross-reference from
+Section~\ref{sec:init}.
+
+\subsection{Lists and suchlike}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item We can typeset lists of things.
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item We can nest lists.
+ \item Four levels are usually allowed
+ before \LaTeX\ runs out of bullet symbols.
+ \end{itemize}
+\item
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item We can also have lists with numbered entries.
+ \item This emphasizes that their ordering is relevant.
+ \item \label{en:item} It also allows us to refer to items later.
+ \item \begin{enumerate}
+ \item These lists can also be nested.
+ \item A nested list can form the entirety of a list item.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \end{enumerate}
+\item We can \emph{emphasize} words.
+\item We can set words in \textbf{boldface}.
+\item We can switch to \textsf{sans-serif}
+ or \texttt{monospace} typefaces.
+\item If I don't refer to item~\ref{en:item} above
+ then it would have been pointless to have labelled it.
+\end{itemize}
+
+See Table~\ref{tab:example} for an example table.
+(Notice how it's ended up at the top of the page,
+above this text which precedes the table in the source code.
+Also observe that there's insufficient vertical space
+around the horizontal rules.)
+
+\begin{table}
+ \centering
+ \begin{tabular}{lcr} \hline
+ \textbf{Left} & \textbf{Centre} & \textbf{Right} \\ \hline
+ Left-aligned & Mid! & Right-aligned \\
+ Stuff & \multicolumn{2}{r}{spanning two columns} \\
+ More & random & nonsense \\ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{An example table which contains little information of value.}
+ \label{tab:example}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection{Mathematics}
+
+This is sort of the whole point.
+Silverman~\cite[\textsection VI.2, p.~151]{silverman:curves}
+deduces from the residue theorem that
+\[ \sum_{w\in\mathbb{C}/\Lambda} \res_w(f)
+ = \frac{1}{2\pi i} \int_{\partial D} f(z) \,\dd{z} \punct{.} \]
+Elsewhere, Lang~\cite[\textsection VIII.4, p.~516]{lang:algebra}
+defines the \emph{Vandermonde determinant}
+$V = V(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ to be
+\[ V = \left| \begin{array}{cccc}
+ 1 & 1 & \cdots & 1 \\
+ x_1 & x_2 & \cdots & x_n \\
+ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
+ x^{n-1}_1 & x^{n-1}_2 & \cdots & x^{n-1}_n \\
+ \end{array} \right| \punct{.} \]
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{99}
+\bibitem{lang:algebra}
+ Lang, Serge,
+ \emph{Algebra, Revised Third Edition},
+ (Springer Verlag, 2005).
+\bibitem{silverman:curves}
+ Silverman, Joseph H.,
+ \emph{The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves},
+ (Springer Verlag, 1986).
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+\end{document}
--- /dev/null
+\documentclass[t]{beamer}
+\usetheme{Madrid}
+\usefonttheme{professionalfonts}
+\usefonttheme[stillsansseriflarge, stillsansserifsmall]{serif}
+
+\usepackage[T3, T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\usepackage{at}
+\usepackage{cmtt}
+\usepackage[palatino, helvetica, courier, maths=cmr]{mdwfonts}
+\usepackage{mflogo}
+\usepackage{sverb}
+\usepackage{syntax}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+ \usetikzlibrary{calc}
+ \usetikzlibrary{positioning}
+ \usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
+\usepackage{tipa}
+
+\errorcontextlines=999
+\let\listingsize=\relax
+
+\title{Whirlwind Tour of \LaTeX}
+\author{Mark Wooding}
+\date{18 March 2022}
+
+\atdef|#1|{\mtt{#1}}
+\atdef<#1>{\textit{#1}}
+
+\tikzset{every picture/.style={>=stealth, thick}}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\frame{\titlepage}
+\frame{\frametitle{Outline}
+ \tableofcontents[sectionstyle=show/show,
+ subsectionstyle=shaded/show/hide]}
+\AtBeginSection{\frame{\frametitle{Outline}
+ \tableofcontents[sectionstyle=show/shaded,
+ subsectionstyle=show/show/hide]}}
+
+\section{What is \LaTeX?}
+
+\subsection{Background and history}
+
+\begin{frame}{So what even is this \LaTeX\ thing anyway?}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item \LaTeX\ is a `document preparation system' based on Knuth's \TeX\ and
+ \MF\ programs.
+ \item You describe the document you want in a plain text file (or several),
+ run some programs, and they generate printable output.
+ \end{itemize}
+
+ \centering \vfill
+ \begin{tikzpicture}
+ [file/.style={draw=black, outer sep=1mm,
+ text height=\ht\strutbox, text depth=\dp\strutbox},
+ input/.style={file, rectangle, fill=blue!30},
+ output/.style={file, rectangle, fill=green!30},
+ program/.style={file, ellipse, fill=yellow!30}]
+
+ \uncover<+->
+ {\node[input] (tex0) at (0, 0) {\phantom{\texttt{foo.tex}}};
+ \node[input] (tex1) at ($(tex0) - (2mm, -2mm)$) {\phantom{\texttt{foo.tex}}};
+ \node[input, outer xsep=5mm, outer ysep=5mm]
+ (texn) at ($(tex1) - (2mm, -2mm)$) {\texttt{foo.tex}};}
+
+ \uncover<+->
+ {\node[program, below=7mm of texn] (latex) {\texttt{latex}};
+ \node[output, right=6mm of latex] (dvi) {\texttt{foo.dvi}};
+ \draw[->] (texn) to (latex);
+ \draw[->] (latex) to (dvi);}
+ \uncover<+->
+ {\node[program, right=6mm of dvi] (dvips) {\texttt{dvips}};
+ \node[output, right=6mm of dvips] (ps) {\texttt{foo.ps}};
+ \draw[->] (dvi) to (dvips);
+ \draw[->] (dvips) to (ps);}
+ \uncover<+->
+ {\node[program, right=6mm of ps] (ps2pdf) {\texttt{ps2pdf}};
+ \node[output, above=10mm of ps2pdf] (pdf) {\texttt{foo.pdf}};
+ \draw[->] (ps) to (ps2pdf);
+ \draw[->] (ps2pdf) to (pdf);}
+ \uncover<+->
+ {\node[program] (pdflatex) at ($(texn)!.5!(pdf)$) {\texttt{pdflatex}};
+ \draw[->] (texn) to (pdflatex);
+ \draw[->] (pdflatex) to (pdf);}
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Where does this stuff come from?}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item Donald E.\ Knuth wrote the original versions of \TeX\ and \MF\ back
+ in the late 1970s because he was dissatisfied with the appearance of the
+ second editions of \emph{The Art of Computer Programming}. He stopped
+ evolving \TeX\ in 1982, and \MF\ in 1984.
+
+ \item These programs implement \emph{languages}:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item the \MF\ language describes bitmap glyphs in terms of lines and
+ curves; and
+ \item the \TeX\ language describes page layouts in terms of text, boxes,
+ and glue.
+ \end{itemize}
+
+ \item Both languages have a similar structure:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item a base layer of primitive commands; and
+ \item a macro layer to sequence the commands.
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Writing and saying the names}
+ This is unfortunately tricky.
+ \pause
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item The letters in \TeX\ are \emph{Greek}: capital tau, epsilon, chi. So
+ it should be pronounced as \textipa{/tEx/}. \uncover<+->{`\emph{When you
+ say it corretly to your computer, the terminal may become slightly
+ moist.}'}
+ \item While Knuth was working on \TeX, Honeywell's `Text EXecutive'
+ processor appeared, so it was important that they not be confused.
+ \item In print, ideally the `E' should be lowered. In media that don't
+ allow this, it's usual to write the `E' in lowercase, as `\texttt{TeX}'.
+ \item The name `\LaTeX' is short for `Lamport \TeX', after its initial
+ author.
+ \item Lamport is not proscriptive about pronunciation: \textipa{/"lA:tEk/},
+ \textipa{/"lEItEk/}, \textipa{/"lA:tEx/}, \textipa{/"lEItEx/},
+ \textipa{/"lA:tEks/}, \textipa{/"lEItEks/} are all fine (but the last
+ risks confusion with dispersons of polymer microparticles in water).
+ \item In writing, the `A' of `\LaTeX' is reduced, raised and kerned over
+ the `L'; in media that can't do this, it's usual to write it in
+ lowercase, as `\texttt{LaTeX}'.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{So, err, again, what's this \LaTeX\ thing?}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item \LaTeX\ is a \emph{macro package} (called a `format') for \TeX. It
+ provides the machinery to describe \emph{documents} in terms of their
+ \emph{content}, \emph{structure}, and \emph{style}.
+ \item \LaTeX\ was originally written by Leslie Lamport. The moderm
+ version, \LaTeXe\ was extensively reworked by `The \LaTeX~3 Project';
+ \LaTeX~3 is still basically vapourware.
+ \item Other \TeX\ formats exist, notably Hans Hagen's Con\TeX{}t.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Strengths and weaknesses}
+
+\begin{frame}{What \TeX\ is good at}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item Knuth developed an excellent line-breaking algorithm, which examines
+ whole paragraphs at a time to decide how best to split them into lines.
+ General page layout is excellent.
+ \item Typesetting mathematics well was one of Knuth's primary objectives
+ for \TeX. Knuth studied mathematical typsetting practices of the time
+ carefully; \TeX\ has pretty much taken over as the standard, since it's
+ been used for just about all serious mathematical communication for the
+ last thirty years.
+ \item \LaTeX's \emph{float} machinery, for placing tables and figures at
+ the top or bottom of pages `near' to the right place, generally works
+ rather well, though sometimes it needs some gentle kicking.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{What \TeX\ is bad at}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item The default fonts (Knuth's Computer Modern family) are widely
+ considered to be rather ugly.
+ \item Cross-references and tables of contents are good; but \TeX\ processes
+ the document strictly start-to-finish, and you must run \texttt{latex}
+ multiple times to get the document to converge.
+ \item Multiline text in tables is annoying: you must specify the column
+ width explicitly.
+ \item Complex layout and graphics are possible using extensions (e.g.,
+ \texttt{pstricks}, Ti\textit{k}Z), but this is something of an acquired
+ taste.
+ \item In particular, trying to place graphics in paragraphs, with the text
+ flowing around them, is extremely difficult and doesn't work well.
+ \item Generally trying to do things off the well-trodden path leaves you
+ having to program \TeX\ to do things the hard way. Alas, \TeX's
+ programming facilities are weird and primitive, and this is widely
+ considered not to be very enjoyable.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{How do I install \LaTeX?}
+
+\begin{frame}{\TeX\ distributions}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item The \TeX\ system is one of the most widely ported serious programs
+ ever. Ports will be available for every system you might want to run it
+ on.
+ \item There are \emph{lots} of pieces. Fitting them together is no fun at
+ all.
+ \item A \TeX\ \emph{distribution} comes will all of the necessary pieces
+ set up for you ready to go.
+ \item The `\TeX\ Live' distribution is free and runs on Unix (including
+ Linux), Windows and Mac\,OS. It's Unixy in flavour. This is what I use.
+ \item If you run Linux, your distribution should provide \TeX\ Live
+ packages. On Debian and Ubuntu, \texttt{apt install texlive-full}.
+ \item For Windows, MiK\TeX\ seems to be the popular choice.
+ \item For Mac\,OS, Mac\TeX seems to be the \TeX\ Live distribution of
+ choice.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{How do I use \LaTeX?}
+
+\subsection{Basic syntax}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{A minimal document}
+ The following will give you a single sheet of paper with the text `Hello,
+ world!' printed on it.
+ \begin{listing}
+\documentclass{article}
+\begin{document}
+Hello, world!
+\end{document}
+ \end{listing}
+ \pause
+ Unfortunately, it will want to give you a sheet of \emph{US letter}-sized
+ paper.
+ \begin{listing}
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\begin{document}
+Hello, world!
+\end{document}
+ \end{listing}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Magical characters}
+ The \TeX\ language steals quite a lot of characters for its own purposes.
+ There are more-or-less convenient ways of typesetting them literally.
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item The backslash `@|\\|' introduces \emph{control sequences}.
+ \item Braces `@|\{|\dots@|\}|' surround arguments and group things
+ together.
+ \item The percent sign `@|\\\%|' starts a comment which continues to the
+ end of the line.
+ \item The dollar sign `@|\$|' switches into or out of mathematical text.
+ \item The ampersand `@|\&|' separates cells in tables.
+ \item The ampersand `@|\#|' indicates where to substitute argument values
+ in macros and alignments.
+ \item The underscore `@|\_|' and caret `@|\^|' indicate mathematical
+ \emph{subscripts} and \emph{superscripts}.
+ \item The tilde `@|\~|' is like a space, but prevents line breaking.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Whitespace}
+ Whitespace is somewhat significant to \TeX.
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item Spaces separate words and allow line breaking. Multiple spaces mean
+ the same a single space.
+ \item A single newline acts just like a space, so you can break paragraphs
+ in your source text however you like.
+ \item A \emph{blank line} indicates a paragraph break. (\TeX\ actually
+ synthesizes a @|\\par| command internally when it sees a blank line.)
+ \item A comment, and its terminating newline, are \emph{entirely} ignored.
+ \item White space \emph{also} terminates alphabetic control-sequence
+ names. Use `@|\\ |' to force an actual space to the output.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Example document: Basic structure}
+ (Download the PDF from \url{https://odin.gg/u/VlC}.)
+ \begin{block}<+->{Overview}
+\begin{listing}
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+...
+\title{...}
+\author{...}
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+\begin{abstract}
+ ...
+\end{abstract}
+\tableofcontents
+\section{...}
+...
+\end{document}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Example document: Paragraphs}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Paragraphs}
+\begin{listing}
+This is an initial paragraph ...
+
+This is a second paragraph, ...
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Lists}
+\begin{listing}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item We can typeset lists of things.
+\item
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item ...
+ \end{enumerate}
+...
+\end{itemize}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Example document: Font changes}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Font changes}
+\begin{listing}
+... \emph{...} ...
+... \textbf{...} ...
+... \textsf{...} ...
+... \texttt{...} ...
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Example document: Cross-references}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Labelling things}
+\begin{listing}
+\section{...} \label{sec:...}
+...
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \label{en:...}
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Referring to things}
+\begin{listing}
+... Section~\ref{sec:...} ...
+...
+... item~\ref{en:...} ...
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Example document: Tables}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Table}
+\begin{listing}
+\centering
+\begin{tabular}{...} \hline
+ ... & ... & ... \\ \hline
+ ... & ... & ... \\
+ ... & \multicolumn{2}{...}{...} \\
+ ... & ... & ... \\ \hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Floating environments}
+\begin{listing}
+\begin{table}
+ ...
+ \caption{...}
+ \label{tab:...}
+\end{table}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Example document: Mathematics}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Inline maths; display maths}
+\begin{listing}
+... $...$ ...
+\[ ... \]
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{More symbols}
+\begin{listing}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{General stuff}
+\begin{listing}
+... x^{n-1}_2 ...
+... \frac{...}{...} ...
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Matrices}
+\begin{listing}
+\left( \begin{array}{...}
+ ... & ... & ... \\ ...
+\end{array} \right)
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Example document: Miscellaneous niceties}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Character sets}
+\begin{listing}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Localization}
+\begin{listing}
+\usepackage[british]{babel}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Hyperlinking}
+\begin{listing}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Non-default fonts}
+\begin{listing}
+\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ppl}
+\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}
+\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}
+\end{listing}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\section{What useful packages are there?}
+
+\begin{frame}{\LaTeX\ packages}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item Generally, the answer to `How do I do this thing in \LaTeX?' is
+ `Someone wrote a package to do just that.'
+ \item Trying to do things yourself gets you enmired in raw \TeX\
+ programming. If that sounds like fun then go right ahead.
+ \item The \TeX\ Live distribution comes bundled with \emph{over two
+ thousand} packages, pretty much everything in the Comprehensive \TeX\
+ Archive Network (CTAN). You just need to add the right @|\\usepackage|
+ command to your document preamble.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{The most important packages}
+ My highly individual view:
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item The standard package collection includes \texttt{color},
+ \texttt{dcolumn}, \texttt{graphicx}, \texttt{longtable}, and
+ \texttt{tabularx}.
+ \item \texttt{babel} supports `foreign' -- i.e., not American English --
+ languages, with many of their distinctive typesetting conventions.
+ \item \texttt{hyperref} does automatic hyperlinking in PDF documents.
+ \item \texttt{tikz} does drawings and diagrams.
+ \item \texttt{beamer} makes presentations like this one.
+ \item \texttt{memoir} is an extremely versatile document class, intended
+ mostly for high-quality books.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{How do I find out more?}
+
+\begin{frame}{Books}
+ Alas, much basic documentation is in conventionally-published books. \\
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item \emph{The \LaTeX{}book} by Leslie Lamport.
+ \item \emph{The \LaTeX\ Companion} by the \LaTeX\ maintainers.
+ \item \emph{The \TeX book} by Don Knuth.
+ \end{itemize}
+ \uncover<+->{(All published by Addison Wesley.)} \medskip
+
+ \uncover<+->{There is \emph{\LaTeXe: An unofficial reference manual}, by
+ Stephen Gilmore, Torsten Martinsen, and Karl Berry, included with \TeX\
+ Live.}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Online}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Learning}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item<.-> There is much good information at \url{https://texfaq.org/}.
+ \item \url{https://texfaq.org/FAQ-man-latex} links to many introductions
+ to \LaTeX. \emph{I've not read any of them.}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{block}
+ \begin{block}<+->{Asking for help}
+ \begin{itemize}[<+->]
+ \item<.-> Traditionally, Usenet \texttt{comp.text.tex}.
+ \item Now, probably \url{https://tex.stackexchange.com/} looks like your
+ best bet.
+ \end{itemize}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+
+%%% Local variables:
+%%% mode: latex
+%%% TeX-PDF-mode: t
+%%% TeX-master: t
+%%% End:
~mdw / latex-intro / commitdiff