3 * $Id: mdwopt.c,v 1.1 1999/05/05 19:23:47 mdw Exp $
5 * Options parsing, similar to GNU @getopt_long@
7 * (c) 1996 Mark Wooding
10 /*----- Licensing notice --------------------------------------------------*
12 * This file is part of many programs.
14 * `mdwopt' is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
15 * it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public License as
16 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
17 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
19 * `mdwopt' is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
20 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
21 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
22 * GNU Library General Public License for more details.
24 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
25 * License along with `mdwopt'; if not, write to the Free Software
26 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
29 /*----- Revision history --------------------------------------------------*
32 * Revision 1.1 1999/05/05 19:23:47 mdw
35 * --- Previous lives ---
38 * Revision 1.7 1997/09/11 09:19:11 mdw
39 * (mo__nextWord): Arrrgh. Don't free the environment variable buffer!
40 * People are still using it!
42 * Revision 1.6 1997/09/11 09:05:54 mdw
43 * (mo__nextWord): Fix bug which returns too many words from environment
46 * Revision 1.5 1997/08/09 20:27:59 mdw
47 * Fix spelling of `Licensing'.
49 * Revision 1.4 1997/07/29 21:11:35 mdw
50 * Reformatted. Fixed buffer overflow when dealing with environment
51 * variables. Included NT in list of daft operating systems with `\' as a
52 * path separator. Fixed address of the FSF.
54 * Revision 1.3 1997/02/26 00:41:10 mdw
55 * Added GPL notice to the top. Slight formatting changes.
57 * Revision 1.2 1996/10/28 13:12:13 mdw
58 * Fixed calls to ctype.h routines. Arguments are cast to unsigned char
59 * to avoid invoking undefined behaviour caused by signedness of chars.
61 * Revision 1.1 1996/09/24 18:01:28 mdw
66 /*----- External dependencies ---------------------------------------------*/
75 /*----- Configuration things ----------------------------------------------*/
79 #elif defined(__OS2__) || defined(__MSDOS__) || defined(__WINNT__)
81 #else /* Assume a sane filing system */
85 /*----- Global variables --------------------------------------------------*/
87 mdwopt_data mdwopt_global
= {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
90 ord__permute
= 0, /* Permute the options (default) */
91 ord__return
= 1, /* Return non-option things */
92 ord__posix
= 2, /* Do POSIX-type hacking */
93 ord__negate
= 4 /* Magic negate-next-thing flag */
96 /*----- Main code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
98 /* --- @mo__nextWord@ --- *
100 * Arguments: @int argc@ = number of command line options
101 * @char *argv[]@ = pointer to command line options
102 * @mdwopt_data *data@ = pointer to persistent state
104 * Returns: Pointer to the next word to handle, or 0
106 * Use: Extracts the next word from the command line or environment
110 static char *mo__nextWord(int argc
, char *const *argv
, mdwopt_data
*data
)
112 if (data
->ind
== -1) {
115 while (isspace((unsigned char)*p
))
118 while (*p
&& !isspace((unsigned char)*p
))
129 if (data
->next
== argc
)
131 return (argv
[data
->next
++]);
134 /* --- @mo__permute@ --- *
136 * Arguments: @char *argv[]@ = pointer to command line arguments
137 * @mdwopt_data *data@ = pointer to persistent data
141 * Use: Moves a command line option into the right place.
144 static void mo__permute(char *const *argv
, mdwopt_data
*data
)
146 char **v
= (char **)argv
;
147 if (data
->ind
!= -1) {
148 int i
= data
->next
- 1;
150 while (i
> data
->ind
) {
159 /* --- @mo__findOpt@ --- *
161 * Arguments: @int o@ = which option to search for
162 * @const char *shortopt@ = short options string to search
163 * @mdwopt_data *data@ = pointer to persistant state
165 * Returns: Pointer to rest of short options string (including magic
168 * Use: Looks up a short option in the given string.
171 static const char *mo__findOpt(int o
, const char *shortopt
,
174 const char *p
= shortopt
; /* Point to short opts table */
176 if (!*p
) /* No more options left */
179 if (o
!= *p
|| (p
[1] != '+' && data
->order
& ord__negate
)) {
180 p
++; /* Skip this option entry */
181 while (*p
== '+') /* Jump a `%|+|%' sign */
183 while (*p
== ':') /* And jump any `%|:|%' characters */
184 p
++; /* Just in case there are any */
191 /* --- @mdwopt@ --- *
193 * Arguments: @int argc@ = number of command line arguments
194 * @char * const *argv@ = pointer to command line arguments
195 * @const char *shortopt@ = pointer to short options information
196 * @const struct option *longopts@ = pointer to long opts info
197 * @int *longind@ = where to store matched longopt
198 * @mdwopt_data *data@ = persistent state for the parser
199 * @int flags@ = various useful flags
201 * Returns: Value of option found next, or an error character, or
202 * @EOF@ for the last thing.
204 * Use: Reads options. The routine should be more-or-less compatible
205 * with standard getopts, although it provides many more
206 * features even than the standard GNU implementation.
208 * The precise manner of options parsing is determined by
209 * various flag settings, which are described below. By setting
210 * flag values appropriately, you can achieve behaviour very
211 * similar to most other getopt routines.
214 * How options parsing appears to users
216 * A command line consists of a number of `words' (which may
217 * contain spaces, according to various shell quoting
218 * conventions). A word may be an option, an argument to an
219 * option, or a non-option. An option begins with a special
220 * character, usually `%|-|%', although `%|+|%' is also used
221 * sometimes. As special exceptions, the word containing only a
222 * `%|-|%' is considered to be a non-option, since it usually
223 * represents standard input or output as a filename, and the
224 * word containing a double-dash `%|--|%' is used to mark all
225 * following words as being non-options regardless of their
228 * Traditionally, all words after the first non-option have been
229 * considered to be non-options automatically, so that options
230 * must be specified before filenames. However, this
231 * implementation can extract all the options from the command
232 * line regardless of their position. This can usually be
233 * disabled by setting one of the environment variables
234 * `%|POSIXLY_CORRECT|%' or `%|_POSIX_OPTION_ORDER|%'.
236 * There are two different styles of options: `short' and
239 * Short options are the sort which Unix has known for ages: an
240 * option is a single letter, preceded by a `%|-|%'. Short
241 * options can be joined together to save space (and possibly to
242 * make silly words): e.g., instead of giving options
243 * `%|-x -y|%', a user could write `%|-xy|%'. Some short
244 * options can have arguments, which appear after the option
245 * letter, either immediately following, or in the next `word'
246 * (so an option with an argument could be written as
247 * `%|-o foo|%' or as `%|-ofoo|%'). Note that options with
248 * optional arguments must be written in the second style.
250 * When a short option controls a flag setting, it is sometimes
251 * possible to explicitly turn the flag off, as well as turning
252 * it on, (usually to override default options). This is
253 * usually done by using a `%|+|%' instead of a `%|-|%' to
254 * introduce the option.
256 * Long options, as popularised by the GNU utilities, are given
257 * long-ish memorable names, preceded by a double-dash `%|--|%'.
258 * Since their names are more than a single character, long
259 * options can't be combined in the same way as short options.
260 * Arguments to long options may be given either in the same
261 * `word', separated from the option name by an equals sign, or
262 * in the following `word'.
264 * Long option names can be abbreviated if necessary, as long
265 * as the abbreviation is unique. This means that options can
266 * have sensible and memorable names but still not require much
267 * typing from an experienced user.
269 * Like short options, long options can control flag settings.
270 * The options to manipulate these settings come in pairs: an
271 * option of the form `%|--set-flag|%' might set the flag, while
272 * an option of the form `%|--no-set-flag|%' might clear it.
274 * It is usual for applications to provide both short and long
275 * options with identical behaviour. Some applications with
276 * lots of options may only provide long options (although they
277 * will often be only two or three characters long). In this
278 * case, long options can be preceded with a single `%|-|%'
279 * character, and negated by a `%|+|%' character.
281 * Finally, some (older) programs accept arguments of the form
282 * `%%@.{"-"<number>}%%', to set some numerical parameter,
283 * typically a line count of some kind.
286 * How programs parse options
288 * An application parses its options by calling mdwopt
289 * repeatedly. Each time it is called, mdwopt returns a value
290 * describing the option just read, and stores information about
291 * the option in a data block. The value %$-1$% is returned
292 * when there are no more options to be read. The `%|?|%'
293 * character is returned when an error is encountered.
295 * Before starting to parse options, the value @data->ind@ must
296 * be set to 0 or 1. The value of @data->err@ can also be set,
297 * to choose whether errors are reported by mdwopt.
299 * The program's `@argc@' and `@argv@' arguments are passed to
300 * the options parser, so that it can read the command line. A
301 * flags word is also passed, allowing the program fine control
302 * over parsing. The flags are described above.
304 * Short options are described by a string, which once upon a
305 * time just contained the permitted option characters. Now the
306 * options string begins with a collection of flag characters,
307 * and various flag characters can be put after options
308 * characters to change their properties.
310 * If the first character of the short options string is
311 * `%|+|%', `%|-|%' or `%|!|%', the order in which options are
312 * read is modified, as follows:
314 * `%|+|%' forces the POSIX order to be used. As soon as a non-
315 * option is found, mdwopt returns %$-1$%.
317 * `%|-|%' makes mdwopt treat non-options as being `special'
318 * sorts of option. When a non-option word is found, the
319 * value 0 is returned, and the actual text of the word
320 * is stored as being the option's argument.
322 * `%|!|%' forces the default order to be used. The entire
323 * command line is scanned for options, which are
324 * returned in order. However, during this process,
325 * the options are moved in the @argv@ array, so that
326 * they appear before the non- options.
328 * A `%|:|%' character may be placed after the ordering flag (or
329 * at the very beginning if no ordering flag is given) which
330 * indicates that the character `%|:|%', rather than `%|?|%',
331 * should be returned if a missing argument error is detected.
333 * Each option in the string can be followed by a `%|+|%' sign,
334 * indicating that it can be negated, a `%|:|%' sign indicating
335 * that it requires an argument, or a `%|::|%' string,
336 * indicating an optional argument. Both `%|+|%' and `%|:|%' or
337 * `%|::|%' may be given, although the `%|+|%' must come first.
339 * If an option is found, the option character is returned to
340 * the caller. A pointer to an argument is stored in
341 * @data->arg@, or @NULL@ is stored if there was no argument.
342 * If a negated option was found, the option character is
343 * returned ORred with @gFlag_negated@ (bit 8 set).
345 * Long options are described in a table. Each entry in the
346 * table is of type @struct option@, and the table is terminated
347 * by an entry whose @name@ field is null. Each option has
348 * a flags word which, due to historical reasons, is called
349 * @has_arg@. This describes various properties of the option,
350 * such as what sort of argument it takes, and whether it can
353 * When mdwopt finds a long option, it looks the name up in the
354 * table. The index of the matching entry is stored in the
355 * @longind@ variable, passed to mdwopt (unless @longind@ is 0):
356 * a value of %$-1$% indicates that no long option was
357 * found. The behaviour is then dependent on the values in the
358 * table entry. If @flag@ is nonzero, it points to an integer
359 * to be modified by mdwopt. Usually the value in the @val@
360 * field is simply stored in the @flag@ variable. If the flag
361 * @gFlag_switch@ is set, however, the value is combined with
362 * the existing value of the flags using a bitwise OR. If
363 * @gFlag_negate@ is set, then the flag bit will be cleared if a
364 * matching negated long option is found. The value 0 is
367 * If @flag@ is zero, the value in @val@ is returned by mdwopt,
368 * possibly with bit 8 set if the option was negated.
370 * Arguments for long options are stored in @data->arg@, as
373 * Numeric options, if enabled, cause the value `%|#|%' to be
374 * returned, and the numeric value to be stored in @data->opt@.
376 * If the flag @gFlag_envVar@ is set on entry, options will be
377 * extracted from an environment variable whose name is built by
378 * capitalising all the letters of the program's name. (This
379 * allows a user to have different default settings for a
380 * program, by calling it through different symbolic links.) */
382 int mdwopt(int argc
, char *const *argv
,
383 const char *shortopt
,
384 const struct option
*longopts
, int *longind
,
385 mdwopt_data
*data
, int flags
)
387 /* --- Local variables --- */
389 char *p
, *q
, *r
; /* Some useful things to have */
390 char *prefix
; /* Prefix from this option */
391 int i
; /* Always useful */
392 char noarg
= '?'; /* Standard missing-arg char */
394 /* --- Sort out our data --- */
396 if (!data
) /* If default data requested */
397 data
= &mdwopt_global
; /* Then use the global stuff */
399 /* --- See if this is the first time --- */
401 if (data
->ind
== 0 || (data
->ind
== 1 && ~flags
& gFlag_noProgName
)) {
403 /* --- Sort out default returning order --- */
405 if (getenv("_POSIX_OPTION_ORDER") || /* Examine environment for opts */
406 getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT")) /* To see if we disable features */
407 data
->order
= ord__posix
; /* If set, use POSIX ordering */
409 data
->order
= ord__permute
; /* Otherwise mangle the options */
411 /* --- Now see what the caller actually wants --- */
413 switch (shortopt
[0]) { /* Look at the first character */
414 case '-': /* `%|-|%' turns on in-orderness */
415 data
->order
= ord__return
;
417 case '+': /* `%|+|%' turns on POSIXness */
418 data
->order
= ord__posix
;
420 case '!': /* `%|!|%' ignores POSIXness */
421 data
->order
= ord__permute
;
425 /* --- Now decide on the program's name --- */
427 if (~flags
& gFlag_noProgName
) {
428 p
= q
= (char *)argv
[0];
435 data
->ind
= data
->next
= 1;
438 /* --- See about environment variables --- *
440 * Be careful. The program may be setuid, and an attacker might have
441 * given us a long name in @argv[0]@. If the name is very long, don't
442 * support this option.
445 if (flags
& gFlag_envVar
&& strlen(data
->prog
) < 48) {
449 /* --- For RISC OS, support a different format --- *
451 * Acorn's RISC OS tends to put settings in variables named
452 * `App$Options' rather than `APP'. Under RISC OS, I'll support
453 * both methods, just to avoid confuddlement.
457 sprintf(buf
, "%s$Options", data
->prog
);
462 p
= buf
; /* Point to a buffer */
463 q
= data
->prog
; /* Point to program name */
464 while (*q
) /* While characters left here */
465 *p
++ = toupper(*q
++); /* Copy and uppercase */
466 *p
++ = 0; /* Terminate my copy of this */
467 p
= getenv(buf
); /* Get the value of the variable */
473 /* --- Copy the options string into a buffer --- */
475 if (p
) { /* If it is defined */
476 q
= malloc(strlen(p
) + 1); /* Allocate space for a copy */
477 if (!q
) { /* If that failed */
478 fprintf(stderr
, /* Report a nice error */
479 "%s: Not enough memory to read settings in "
480 "environment variable\n",
482 } else { /* Otherwise */
483 strcpy(q
, p
); /* Copy the text over */
484 data
->ind
= -1; /* Mark that we're parsing envvar */
485 data
->env
= data
->estart
= q
; /* And store the pointer away */
492 data
->ind
= data
->next
= 0;
495 /* --- Do some initial bodgery --- *
497 * The @shortopt@ string can have some interesting characters at the
498 * beginning. We'll skip past them.
501 switch (shortopt
[0]) {
509 if (shortopt
[0] == ':') {
514 if (longind
) /* Allow longind to be null */
515 *longind
= -1; /* Clear this to avoid confusion */
516 data
->opt
= -1; /* And this too */
517 data
->arg
= 0; /* No option set up here */
519 /* --- Now go off and search for an option --- */
521 if (!data
->list
|| !*data
->list
) {
522 data
->order
&= 3; /* Clear negation flag */
524 /* --- Now we need to find the next option --- *
526 * Exactly how we do this depends on the settings of the order variable.
527 * We identify options as being things starting with `%|-|%', and which
528 * aren't equal to `%|-|%' or `%|--|%'. We'll look for options until:
530 * * We find something which isn't an option AND @order == ord__posix@
531 * * We find a `%|--|%'
532 * * We reach the end of the list
534 * There are some added little wrinkles, which we'll meet as we go.
537 for (;;) { /* Keep looping for a while */
538 p
= mo__nextWord(argc
, argv
, data
); /* Get the next word out */
539 if (!p
) /* If there's no next word */
540 return (EOF
); /* There's no more now */
542 /* --- See if we've found an option --- */
544 if ((p
[0] == '-' || (p
[0] == '+' && flags
& gFlag_negation
)) &&
546 if (strcmp(p
, "--") == 0) { /* If this is the magic marker */
547 mo__permute(argv
, data
); /* Stow the magic marker item */
548 return (EOF
); /* There's nothing else to do */
550 break; /* We've found something! */
553 /* --- Figure out how to proceed --- */
555 switch (data
->order
& 3) {
556 case ord__posix
: /* POSIX option order */
557 return (EOF
); /* This is easy */
559 case ord__permute
: /* Permute the option order */
561 case ord__return
: /* Return each argument */
562 mo__permute(argv
, data
); /* Insert word in same place */
563 data
->arg
= p
; /* Point to the argument */
564 return (0); /* Return the value */
568 /* --- We found an option --- */
570 mo__permute(argv
, data
); /* Do any permuting necessary */
572 /* --- Check for a numeric option --- *
574 * We only check the first character (or the second if the first is a
575 * sign). This ought to be enough.
578 if (flags
& gFlag_numbers
&& (p
[0] == '-' || flags
& gFlag_negNumber
)) {
579 if (((p
[1] == '+' || p
[1] == '-') && isdigit((unsigned char)p
[2])) ||
580 isdigit((unsigned char)p
[1])) {
581 data
->opt
= strtol(p
+ 1, &data
->arg
, 10);
582 while (isspace((unsigned char)data
->arg
[0]))
586 return (p
[0] == '-' ?
'#' : '#' | gFlag_negated
);
590 /* --- Check for a long option --- */
593 data
->order
|= ord__negate
;
595 if (((p
[0] == '-' && p
[1] == '-') ||
596 (flags
& gFlag_noShorts
&& !mo__findOpt(p
[1], shortopt
, data
))) &&
597 (~flags
& gFlag_noLongs
)) /* Is this a long option? */
599 int match
= -1; /* Count matches as we go */
601 if (p
[0] == '+') { /* If it's negated */
602 data
->order
|= ord__negate
; /* Set the negate flag */
603 p
++; /* Point to the main text */
604 prefix
= "+"; /* Set the prefix string up */
605 } else if (p
[1] == '-') { /* If this is a `%|--|%' option */
606 if ((flags
& gFlag_negation
) && strncmp(p
+ 2, "no-", 3) == 0) {
607 p
+= 5; /* Point to main text */
608 prefix
= "--no-"; /* And set the prefix */
609 data
->order
|= ord__negate
; /* Set the negatedness flag */
611 p
+= 2; /* Point to the main text */
612 prefix
= "--"; /* Remember the prefix string */
615 if ((flags
& gFlag_negation
) && strncmp(p
+ 1, "no-", 3) == 0) {
616 p
+= 4; /* Find the text */
617 prefix
= "-no-"; /* Set the prefix */
618 data
->order
|= ord__negate
; /* Set negatedness flag */
620 p
++; /* Otherwise find the text */
621 prefix
= "-"; /* And remember the prefix */
625 for (i
= 0; longopts
[i
].name
; i
++) { /* Loop through the options */
626 if ((data
->order
& ord__negate
) &&
627 (~longopts
[i
].has_arg
& gFlag_negate
))
628 continue; /* If neg and opt doesn't allow */
630 r
= (char *) longopts
[i
].name
; /* Point to the name string */
631 q
= p
; /* Point to the string start */
632 for (;;) { /* Do a loop here */
633 if (*q
== 0 || *q
== '=') { /* End of the option string? */
634 if (*r
== 0) { /* If end of other string */
635 match
= i
; /* This is the match */
636 goto botched
; /* And exit the loop now */
638 if (match
== -1) { /* If no match currently */
639 match
= i
; /* Then this is it, here */
640 break; /* Stop looking now */
642 match
= -1; /* Else it's ambiguous */
643 goto botched
; /* So give up right now */
646 else if (*q
!= *r
) /* Otherwise if mismatch */
647 break; /* Abort this loop */
648 q
++, r
++; /* Increment the counters */
653 if (match
== -1) { /* If we couldn't find a match */
655 fprintf(stderr
, "%s: unrecognised option `%s%s'\n",
662 if (longind
) /* Allow longind to be null */
663 *longind
= match
; /* Store the match away */
665 /* --- Handle argument behaviour --- */
667 while (*p
!= 0 && *p
!= '=') /* Find the argument string */
669 p
= (*p ? p
+ 1 : 0); /* Sort out argument presence */
670 q
= (char *) longopts
[match
].name
; /* Remember the name here */
672 switch (longopts
[match
].has_arg
& 3) {
677 "%s: option `%s%s' does not accept arguments\n",
685 case required_argument
:
686 if (!p
) { /* If no argument given */
687 p
= mo__nextWord(argc
, argv
, data
);
689 if (!p
) { /* If no more arguments */
691 fprintf(stderr
, "%s: option `%s%s' requires an argument\n",
698 mo__permute(argv
, data
);
702 case optional_argument
:
708 /* --- Do correct things now we have a match --- */
710 if (longopts
[match
].flag
) { /* If he has a @flag@ argument */
711 if (longopts
[match
].has_arg
& gFlag_switch
) {
712 if (data
->order
& ord__negate
)
713 *longopts
[match
].flag
&= ~longopts
[match
].val
;
715 *longopts
[match
].flag
|= longopts
[match
].val
;
717 if (data
->order
& ord__negate
)
718 *longopts
[match
].flag
= 0;
720 *longopts
[match
].flag
= longopts
[match
].val
;
722 return (0); /* And return something */
724 if (data
->order
& ord__negate
)
725 return (longopts
[match
].val
| gFlag_negated
);
727 return (longopts
[match
].val
);
731 /* --- Do short options things --- */
734 if (p
[0] == '+') /* If starts with a `%|+|%' */
735 data
->order
|= ord__negate
;
736 data
->list
= p
+ 1; /* Omit leading `%|-|%'/`%|+|%' */
740 /* --- Now process the short options --- */
742 i
= *data
->list
++; /* Get the next option letter */
743 data
->opt
= i
; /* Store this away nicely */
745 p
= (char *) mo__findOpt(i
, shortopt
, data
);
746 if (!p
) { /* No more options left */
748 fprintf(stderr
, "%s: unknown option `%c%c'\n",
750 data
->order
& ord__negate ?
'+' : '-',
756 data
->opt
= i
; /* Store this for the caller */
758 /* --- Sort out an argument, if we expect one --- */
760 if (p
[0] == ':') { /* If we expect an option */
761 q
= (data
->list
[0] ? data
->list
: 0); /* If argument expected, use it */
762 data
->list
= 0; /* Kill the remaining options */
763 if (p
[1] != ':' && !q
) { /* If no arg, and not optional */
765 /* --- Same code as before --- */
767 q
= mo__nextWord(argc
, argv
, data
); /* Read the next word */
768 if (!q
) { /* If no more arguments */
770 fprintf(stderr
, "%s: option `%c%c' requires an argument\n",
772 data
->order
& ord__negate ?
'+' : '-',
777 mo__permute(argv
, data
);
782 return ((data
->order
& ord__negate
) ? i
| gFlag_negated
: i
);
785 /*----- That's all, folks -------------------------------------------------*/