Add a nonfatal() function everywhere, to be used for reporting things
[u/mdw/putty] / windows / winplink.c
1 /*
2 * PLink - a Windows command-line (stdin/stdout) variant of PuTTY.
3 */
4
5 #include <stdio.h>
6 #include <stdlib.h>
7 #include <assert.h>
8 #include <stdarg.h>
9
10 #define PUTTY_DO_GLOBALS /* actually _define_ globals */
11 #include "putty.h"
12 #include "storage.h"
13 #include "tree234.h"
14
15 #define WM_AGENT_CALLBACK (WM_APP + 4)
16
17 struct agent_callback {
18 void (*callback)(void *, void *, int);
19 void *callback_ctx;
20 void *data;
21 int len;
22 };
23
24 void fatalbox(char *p, ...)
25 {
26 va_list ap;
27 fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR: ");
28 va_start(ap, p);
29 vfprintf(stderr, p, ap);
30 va_end(ap);
31 fputc('\n', stderr);
32 if (logctx) {
33 log_free(logctx);
34 logctx = NULL;
35 }
36 cleanup_exit(1);
37 }
38 void modalfatalbox(char *p, ...)
39 {
40 va_list ap;
41 fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR: ");
42 va_start(ap, p);
43 vfprintf(stderr, p, ap);
44 va_end(ap);
45 fputc('\n', stderr);
46 if (logctx) {
47 log_free(logctx);
48 logctx = NULL;
49 }
50 cleanup_exit(1);
51 }
52 void nonfatal(char *p, ...)
53 {
54 va_list ap;
55 fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: ");
56 va_start(ap, p);
57 vfprintf(stderr, p, ap);
58 va_end(ap);
59 fputc('\n', stderr);
60 if (logctx) {
61 log_free(logctx);
62 logctx = NULL;
63 }
64 }
65 void connection_fatal(void *frontend, char *p, ...)
66 {
67 va_list ap;
68 fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR: ");
69 va_start(ap, p);
70 vfprintf(stderr, p, ap);
71 va_end(ap);
72 fputc('\n', stderr);
73 if (logctx) {
74 log_free(logctx);
75 logctx = NULL;
76 }
77 cleanup_exit(1);
78 }
79 void cmdline_error(char *p, ...)
80 {
81 va_list ap;
82 fprintf(stderr, "plink: ");
83 va_start(ap, p);
84 vfprintf(stderr, p, ap);
85 va_end(ap);
86 fputc('\n', stderr);
87 exit(1);
88 }
89
90 HANDLE inhandle, outhandle, errhandle;
91 struct handle *stdin_handle, *stdout_handle, *stderr_handle;
92 DWORD orig_console_mode;
93 int connopen;
94
95 WSAEVENT netevent;
96
97 static Backend *back;
98 static void *backhandle;
99 static Conf *conf;
100
101 int term_ldisc(Terminal *term, int mode)
102 {
103 return FALSE;
104 }
105 void ldisc_update(void *frontend, int echo, int edit)
106 {
107 /* Update stdin read mode to reflect changes in line discipline. */
108 DWORD mode;
109
110 mode = ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT;
111 if (echo)
112 mode = mode | ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT;
113 else
114 mode = mode & ~ENABLE_ECHO_INPUT;
115 if (edit)
116 mode = mode | ENABLE_LINE_INPUT;
117 else
118 mode = mode & ~ENABLE_LINE_INPUT;
119 SetConsoleMode(inhandle, mode);
120 }
121
122 char *get_ttymode(void *frontend, const char *mode) { return NULL; }
123
124 int from_backend(void *frontend_handle, int is_stderr,
125 const char *data, int len)
126 {
127 if (is_stderr) {
128 handle_write(stderr_handle, data, len);
129 } else {
130 handle_write(stdout_handle, data, len);
131 }
132
133 return handle_backlog(stdout_handle) + handle_backlog(stderr_handle);
134 }
135
136 int from_backend_untrusted(void *frontend_handle, const char *data, int len)
137 {
138 /*
139 * No "untrusted" output should get here (the way the code is
140 * currently, it's all diverted by FLAG_STDERR).
141 */
142 assert(!"Unexpected call to from_backend_untrusted()");
143 return 0; /* not reached */
144 }
145
146 int from_backend_eof(void *frontend_handle)
147 {
148 handle_write_eof(stdout_handle);
149 return FALSE; /* do not respond to incoming EOF with outgoing */
150 }
151
152 int get_userpass_input(prompts_t *p, unsigned char *in, int inlen)
153 {
154 int ret;
155 ret = cmdline_get_passwd_input(p, in, inlen);
156 if (ret == -1)
157 ret = console_get_userpass_input(p, in, inlen);
158 return ret;
159 }
160
161 static DWORD main_thread_id;
162
163 void agent_schedule_callback(void (*callback)(void *, void *, int),
164 void *callback_ctx, void *data, int len)
165 {
166 struct agent_callback *c = snew(struct agent_callback);
167 c->callback = callback;
168 c->callback_ctx = callback_ctx;
169 c->data = data;
170 c->len = len;
171 PostThreadMessage(main_thread_id, WM_AGENT_CALLBACK, 0, (LPARAM)c);
172 }
173
174 /*
175 * Short description of parameters.
176 */
177 static void usage(void)
178 {
179 printf("PuTTY Link: command-line connection utility\n");
180 printf("%s\n", ver);
181 printf("Usage: plink [options] [user@]host [command]\n");
182 printf(" (\"host\" can also be a PuTTY saved session name)\n");
183 printf("Options:\n");
184 printf(" -V print version information and exit\n");
185 printf(" -pgpfp print PGP key fingerprints and exit\n");
186 printf(" -v show verbose messages\n");
187 printf(" -load sessname Load settings from saved session\n");
188 printf(" -ssh -telnet -rlogin -raw -serial\n");
189 printf(" force use of a particular protocol\n");
190 printf(" -P port connect to specified port\n");
191 printf(" -l user connect with specified username\n");
192 printf(" -batch disable all interactive prompts\n");
193 printf("The following options only apply to SSH connections:\n");
194 printf(" -pw passw login with specified password\n");
195 printf(" -D [listen-IP:]listen-port\n");
196 printf(" Dynamic SOCKS-based port forwarding\n");
197 printf(" -L [listen-IP:]listen-port:host:port\n");
198 printf(" Forward local port to remote address\n");
199 printf(" -R [listen-IP:]listen-port:host:port\n");
200 printf(" Forward remote port to local address\n");
201 printf(" -X -x enable / disable X11 forwarding\n");
202 printf(" -A -a enable / disable agent forwarding\n");
203 printf(" -t -T enable / disable pty allocation\n");
204 printf(" -1 -2 force use of particular protocol version\n");
205 printf(" -4 -6 force use of IPv4 or IPv6\n");
206 printf(" -C enable compression\n");
207 printf(" -i key private key file for authentication\n");
208 printf(" -noagent disable use of Pageant\n");
209 printf(" -agent enable use of Pageant\n");
210 printf(" -m file read remote command(s) from file\n");
211 printf(" -s remote command is an SSH subsystem (SSH-2 only)\n");
212 printf(" -N don't start a shell/command (SSH-2 only)\n");
213 printf(" -nc host:port\n");
214 printf(" open tunnel in place of session (SSH-2 only)\n");
215 printf(" -sercfg configuration-string (e.g. 19200,8,n,1,X)\n");
216 printf(" Specify the serial configuration (serial only)\n");
217 exit(1);
218 }
219
220 static void version(void)
221 {
222 printf("plink: %s\n", ver);
223 exit(1);
224 }
225
226 char *do_select(SOCKET skt, int startup)
227 {
228 int events;
229 if (startup) {
230 events = (FD_CONNECT | FD_READ | FD_WRITE |
231 FD_OOB | FD_CLOSE | FD_ACCEPT);
232 } else {
233 events = 0;
234 }
235 if (p_WSAEventSelect(skt, netevent, events) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
236 switch (p_WSAGetLastError()) {
237 case WSAENETDOWN:
238 return "Network is down";
239 default:
240 return "WSAEventSelect(): unknown error";
241 }
242 }
243 return NULL;
244 }
245
246 int stdin_gotdata(struct handle *h, void *data, int len)
247 {
248 if (len < 0) {
249 /*
250 * Special case: report read error.
251 */
252 char buf[4096];
253 FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, NULL, -len, 0,
254 buf, lenof(buf), NULL);
255 buf[lenof(buf)-1] = '\0';
256 if (buf[strlen(buf)-1] == '\n')
257 buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
258 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to read from standard input: %s\n", buf);
259 cleanup_exit(0);
260 }
261 noise_ultralight(len);
262 if (connopen && back->connected(backhandle)) {
263 if (len > 0) {
264 return back->send(backhandle, data, len);
265 } else {
266 back->special(backhandle, TS_EOF);
267 return 0;
268 }
269 } else
270 return 0;
271 }
272
273 void stdouterr_sent(struct handle *h, int new_backlog)
274 {
275 if (new_backlog < 0) {
276 /*
277 * Special case: report write error.
278 */
279 char buf[4096];
280 FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, NULL, -new_backlog, 0,
281 buf, lenof(buf), NULL);
282 buf[lenof(buf)-1] = '\0';
283 if (buf[strlen(buf)-1] == '\n')
284 buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
285 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to write to standard %s: %s\n",
286 (h == stdout_handle ? "output" : "error"), buf);
287 cleanup_exit(0);
288 }
289 if (connopen && back->connected(backhandle)) {
290 back->unthrottle(backhandle, (handle_backlog(stdout_handle) +
291 handle_backlog(stderr_handle)));
292 }
293 }
294
295 int main(int argc, char **argv)
296 {
297 int sending;
298 int portnumber = -1;
299 SOCKET *sklist;
300 int skcount, sksize;
301 int exitcode;
302 int errors;
303 int got_host = FALSE;
304 int use_subsystem = 0;
305 unsigned long now, next, then;
306
307 sklist = NULL;
308 skcount = sksize = 0;
309 /*
310 * Initialise port and protocol to sensible defaults. (These
311 * will be overridden by more or less anything.)
312 */
313 default_protocol = PROT_SSH;
314 default_port = 22;
315
316 flags = FLAG_STDERR;
317 /*
318 * Process the command line.
319 */
320 conf = conf_new();
321 do_defaults(NULL, conf);
322 loaded_session = FALSE;
323 default_protocol = conf_get_int(conf, CONF_protocol);
324 default_port = conf_get_int(conf, CONF_port);
325 errors = 0;
326 {
327 /*
328 * Override the default protocol if PLINK_PROTOCOL is set.
329 */
330 char *p = getenv("PLINK_PROTOCOL");
331 if (p) {
332 const Backend *b = backend_from_name(p);
333 if (b) {
334 default_protocol = b->protocol;
335 default_port = b->default_port;
336 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_protocol, default_protocol);
337 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_port, default_port);
338 }
339 }
340 }
341 while (--argc) {
342 char *p = *++argv;
343 if (*p == '-') {
344 int ret = cmdline_process_param(p, (argc > 1 ? argv[1] : NULL),
345 1, conf);
346 if (ret == -2) {
347 fprintf(stderr,
348 "plink: option \"%s\" requires an argument\n", p);
349 errors = 1;
350 } else if (ret == 2) {
351 --argc, ++argv;
352 } else if (ret == 1) {
353 continue;
354 } else if (!strcmp(p, "-batch")) {
355 console_batch_mode = 1;
356 } else if (!strcmp(p, "-s")) {
357 /* Save status to write to conf later. */
358 use_subsystem = 1;
359 } else if (!strcmp(p, "-V") || !strcmp(p, "--version")) {
360 version();
361 } else if (!strcmp(p, "--help")) {
362 usage();
363 } else if (!strcmp(p, "-pgpfp")) {
364 pgp_fingerprints();
365 exit(1);
366 } else {
367 fprintf(stderr, "plink: unknown option \"%s\"\n", p);
368 errors = 1;
369 }
370 } else if (*p) {
371 if (!conf_launchable(conf) || !(got_host || loaded_session)) {
372 char *q = p;
373 /*
374 * If the hostname starts with "telnet:", set the
375 * protocol to Telnet and process the string as a
376 * Telnet URL.
377 */
378 if (!strncmp(q, "telnet:", 7)) {
379 char c;
380
381 q += 7;
382 if (q[0] == '/' && q[1] == '/')
383 q += 2;
384 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_protocol, PROT_TELNET);
385 p = q;
386 while (*p && *p != ':' && *p != '/')
387 p++;
388 c = *p;
389 if (*p)
390 *p++ = '\0';
391 if (c == ':')
392 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_port, atoi(p));
393 else
394 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_port, -1);
395 conf_set_str(conf, CONF_host, q);
396 got_host = TRUE;
397 } else {
398 char *r, *user, *host;
399 /*
400 * Before we process the [user@]host string, we
401 * first check for the presence of a protocol
402 * prefix (a protocol name followed by ",").
403 */
404 r = strchr(p, ',');
405 if (r) {
406 const Backend *b;
407 *r = '\0';
408 b = backend_from_name(p);
409 if (b) {
410 default_protocol = b->protocol;
411 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_protocol,
412 default_protocol);
413 portnumber = b->default_port;
414 }
415 p = r + 1;
416 }
417
418 /*
419 * A nonzero length string followed by an @ is treated
420 * as a username. (We discount an _initial_ @.) The
421 * rest of the string (or the whole string if no @)
422 * is treated as a session name and/or hostname.
423 */
424 r = strrchr(p, '@');
425 if (r == p)
426 p++, r = NULL; /* discount initial @ */
427 if (r) {
428 *r++ = '\0';
429 user = p, host = r;
430 } else {
431 user = NULL, host = p;
432 }
433
434 /*
435 * Now attempt to load a saved session with the
436 * same name as the hostname.
437 */
438 {
439 Conf *conf2 = conf_new();
440 do_defaults(host, conf2);
441 if (loaded_session || !conf_launchable(conf2)) {
442 /* No settings for this host; use defaults */
443 /* (or session was already loaded with -load) */
444 conf_set_str(conf, CONF_host, host);
445 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_port, default_port);
446 got_host = TRUE;
447 } else {
448 conf_copy_into(conf, conf2);
449 loaded_session = TRUE;
450 }
451 conf_free(conf2);
452 }
453
454 if (user) {
455 /* Patch in specified username. */
456 conf_set_str(conf, CONF_username, user);
457 }
458
459 }
460 } else {
461 char *command;
462 int cmdlen, cmdsize;
463 cmdlen = cmdsize = 0;
464 command = NULL;
465
466 while (argc) {
467 while (*p) {
468 if (cmdlen >= cmdsize) {
469 cmdsize = cmdlen + 512;
470 command = sresize(command, cmdsize, char);
471 }
472 command[cmdlen++]=*p++;
473 }
474 if (cmdlen >= cmdsize) {
475 cmdsize = cmdlen + 512;
476 command = sresize(command, cmdsize, char);
477 }
478 command[cmdlen++]=' '; /* always add trailing space */
479 if (--argc) p = *++argv;
480 }
481 if (cmdlen) command[--cmdlen]='\0';
482 /* change trailing blank to NUL */
483 conf_set_str(conf, CONF_remote_cmd, command);
484 conf_set_str(conf, CONF_remote_cmd2, "");
485 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_nopty, TRUE); /* command => no tty */
486
487 break; /* done with cmdline */
488 }
489 }
490 }
491
492 if (errors)
493 return 1;
494
495 if (!conf_launchable(conf) || !(got_host || loaded_session)) {
496 usage();
497 }
498
499 /*
500 * Muck about with the hostname in various ways.
501 */
502 {
503 char *hostbuf = dupstr(conf_get_str(conf, CONF_host));
504 char *host = hostbuf;
505 char *p, *q;
506
507 /*
508 * Trim leading whitespace.
509 */
510 host += strspn(host, " \t");
511
512 /*
513 * See if host is of the form user@host, and separate out
514 * the username if so.
515 */
516 if (host[0] != '\0') {
517 char *atsign = strrchr(host, '@');
518 if (atsign) {
519 *atsign = '\0';
520 conf_set_str(conf, CONF_username, host);
521 host = atsign + 1;
522 }
523 }
524
525 /*
526 * Trim off a colon suffix if it's there.
527 */
528 host[strcspn(host, ":")] = '\0';
529
530 /*
531 * Remove any remaining whitespace.
532 */
533 p = hostbuf;
534 q = host;
535 while (*q) {
536 if (*q != ' ' && *q != '\t')
537 *p++ = *q;
538 q++;
539 }
540 *p = '\0';
541
542 conf_set_str(conf, CONF_host, hostbuf);
543 sfree(hostbuf);
544 }
545
546 /*
547 * Perform command-line overrides on session configuration.
548 */
549 cmdline_run_saved(conf);
550
551 /*
552 * Apply subsystem status.
553 */
554 if (use_subsystem)
555 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_ssh_subsys, TRUE);
556
557 if (!*conf_get_str(conf, CONF_remote_cmd) &&
558 !*conf_get_str(conf, CONF_remote_cmd2) &&
559 !*conf_get_str(conf, CONF_ssh_nc_host))
560 flags |= FLAG_INTERACTIVE;
561
562 /*
563 * Select protocol. This is farmed out into a table in a
564 * separate file to enable an ssh-free variant.
565 */
566 back = backend_from_proto(conf_get_int(conf, CONF_protocol));
567 if (back == NULL) {
568 fprintf(stderr,
569 "Internal fault: Unsupported protocol found\n");
570 return 1;
571 }
572
573 /*
574 * Select port.
575 */
576 if (portnumber != -1)
577 conf_set_int(conf, CONF_port, portnumber);
578
579 sk_init();
580 if (p_WSAEventSelect == NULL) {
581 fprintf(stderr, "Plink requires WinSock 2\n");
582 return 1;
583 }
584
585 logctx = log_init(NULL, conf);
586 console_provide_logctx(logctx);
587
588 /*
589 * Start up the connection.
590 */
591 netevent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
592 {
593 const char *error;
594 char *realhost;
595 /* nodelay is only useful if stdin is a character device (console) */
596 int nodelay = conf_get_int(conf, CONF_tcp_nodelay) &&
597 (GetFileType(GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE)) == FILE_TYPE_CHAR);
598
599 error = back->init(NULL, &backhandle, conf,
600 conf_get_str(conf, CONF_host),
601 conf_get_int(conf, CONF_port),
602 &realhost, nodelay,
603 conf_get_int(conf, CONF_tcp_keepalives));
604 if (error) {
605 fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open connection:\n%s", error);
606 return 1;
607 }
608 back->provide_logctx(backhandle, logctx);
609 sfree(realhost);
610 }
611 connopen = 1;
612
613 inhandle = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
614 outhandle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
615 errhandle = GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
616
617 /*
618 * Turn off ECHO and LINE input modes. We don't care if this
619 * call fails, because we know we aren't necessarily running in
620 * a console.
621 */
622 GetConsoleMode(inhandle, &orig_console_mode);
623 SetConsoleMode(inhandle, ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT);
624
625 /*
626 * Pass the output handles to the handle-handling subsystem.
627 * (The input one we leave until we're through the
628 * authentication process.)
629 */
630 stdout_handle = handle_output_new(outhandle, stdouterr_sent, NULL, 0);
631 stderr_handle = handle_output_new(errhandle, stdouterr_sent, NULL, 0);
632
633 main_thread_id = GetCurrentThreadId();
634
635 sending = FALSE;
636
637 now = GETTICKCOUNT();
638
639 while (1) {
640 int nhandles;
641 HANDLE *handles;
642 int n;
643 DWORD ticks;
644
645 if (!sending && back->sendok(backhandle)) {
646 stdin_handle = handle_input_new(inhandle, stdin_gotdata, NULL,
647 0);
648 sending = TRUE;
649 }
650
651 if (run_timers(now, &next)) {
652 then = now;
653 now = GETTICKCOUNT();
654 if (now - then > next - then)
655 ticks = 0;
656 else
657 ticks = next - now;
658 } else {
659 ticks = INFINITE;
660 }
661
662 handles = handle_get_events(&nhandles);
663 handles = sresize(handles, nhandles+1, HANDLE);
664 handles[nhandles] = netevent;
665 n = MsgWaitForMultipleObjects(nhandles+1, handles, FALSE, ticks,
666 QS_POSTMESSAGE);
667 if ((unsigned)(n - WAIT_OBJECT_0) < (unsigned)nhandles) {
668 handle_got_event(handles[n - WAIT_OBJECT_0]);
669 } else if (n == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nhandles) {
670 WSANETWORKEVENTS things;
671 SOCKET socket;
672 extern SOCKET first_socket(int *), next_socket(int *);
673 extern int select_result(WPARAM, LPARAM);
674 int i, socketstate;
675
676 /*
677 * We must not call select_result() for any socket
678 * until we have finished enumerating within the tree.
679 * This is because select_result() may close the socket
680 * and modify the tree.
681 */
682 /* Count the active sockets. */
683 i = 0;
684 for (socket = first_socket(&socketstate);
685 socket != INVALID_SOCKET;
686 socket = next_socket(&socketstate)) i++;
687
688 /* Expand the buffer if necessary. */
689 if (i > sksize) {
690 sksize = i + 16;
691 sklist = sresize(sklist, sksize, SOCKET);
692 }
693
694 /* Retrieve the sockets into sklist. */
695 skcount = 0;
696 for (socket = first_socket(&socketstate);
697 socket != INVALID_SOCKET;
698 socket = next_socket(&socketstate)) {
699 sklist[skcount++] = socket;
700 }
701
702 /* Now we're done enumerating; go through the list. */
703 for (i = 0; i < skcount; i++) {
704 WPARAM wp;
705 socket = sklist[i];
706 wp = (WPARAM) socket;
707 if (!p_WSAEnumNetworkEvents(socket, NULL, &things)) {
708 static const struct { int bit, mask; } eventtypes[] = {
709 {FD_CONNECT_BIT, FD_CONNECT},
710 {FD_READ_BIT, FD_READ},
711 {FD_CLOSE_BIT, FD_CLOSE},
712 {FD_OOB_BIT, FD_OOB},
713 {FD_WRITE_BIT, FD_WRITE},
714 {FD_ACCEPT_BIT, FD_ACCEPT},
715 };
716 int e;
717
718 noise_ultralight(socket);
719 noise_ultralight(things.lNetworkEvents);
720
721 for (e = 0; e < lenof(eventtypes); e++)
722 if (things.lNetworkEvents & eventtypes[e].mask) {
723 LPARAM lp;
724 int err = things.iErrorCode[eventtypes[e].bit];
725 lp = WSAMAKESELECTREPLY(eventtypes[e].mask, err);
726 connopen &= select_result(wp, lp);
727 }
728 }
729 }
730 } else if (n == WAIT_OBJECT_0 + nhandles + 1) {
731 MSG msg;
732 while (PeekMessage(&msg, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
733 WM_AGENT_CALLBACK, WM_AGENT_CALLBACK,
734 PM_REMOVE)) {
735 struct agent_callback *c = (struct agent_callback *)msg.lParam;
736 c->callback(c->callback_ctx, c->data, c->len);
737 sfree(c);
738 }
739 }
740
741 if (n == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
742 now = next;
743 } else {
744 now = GETTICKCOUNT();
745 }
746
747 sfree(handles);
748
749 if (sending)
750 handle_unthrottle(stdin_handle, back->sendbuffer(backhandle));
751
752 if ((!connopen || !back->connected(backhandle)) &&
753 handle_backlog(stdout_handle) + handle_backlog(stderr_handle) == 0)
754 break; /* we closed the connection */
755 }
756 exitcode = back->exitcode(backhandle);
757 if (exitcode < 0) {
758 fprintf(stderr, "Remote process exit code unavailable\n");
759 exitcode = 1; /* this is an error condition */
760 }
761 cleanup_exit(exitcode);
762 return 0; /* placate compiler warning */
763 }