+#define F_QDL(f, d, x) (f)->ops->qdl((f), (d), (x))
+#define F_HLV(f, d, x) (f)->ops->hlv((f), (d), (x))
+
+/*----- Helpful field operations ------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* --- @field_id@ --- *
+ *
+ * Arguments: @field *f@ = pointer to a field
+ * @mp *d@ = a destination element
+ * @mp *x@ = a source element
+ *
+ * Returns: The result element.
+ *
+ * Use: An identity operation which can be used if your field has no
+ * internal representation.
+ */
+
+extern mp *field_id(field */*f*/, mp */*d*/, mp */*x*/);
+
+/* --- @field_samep@ --- *
+ *
+ * Arguments: @field *f, *g@ = two fields
+ *
+ * Returns: Nonzero if the fields are identical (not just isomorphic).
+ *
+ * Use: Checks for sameness of fields. This function does the full
+ * check, not just the field-type-specific check done by the
+ * @sampep@ field operation.
+ */
+
+extern int field_samep(field */*f*/, field */*g*/);
+
+/* --- @field_stdsamep@ --- *
+ *
+ * Arguments: @field *f, *g@ = two fields
+ *
+ * Returns: Nonzero if the fields are identical (not just isomorphic).
+ *
+ * Use: Standard sameness check, based on equality of the @m@
+ * member.
+ */
+
+extern int field_stdsamep(field */*f*/, field */*g*/);
+
+/*----- Arithmetic --------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+/* --- @field_exp@ --- *
+ *
+ * Arguments: @field *f@ = pointer to field
+ * @mp *d@ = fake destination
+ * @mp *a@ = base
+ * @mp *e@ = exponent
+ *
+ * Returns: Result, %$a^e$%.
+ *
+ * Use: Exponentiation in a finite field. Note that all quantities
+ * are in internal format. This is a generic implementation
+ * suitable for use with all fields and is not intended to be
+ * optimal.
+ */
+
+extern mp *field_exp(field */*f*/, mp */*d*/, mp */*a*/, mp */*e*/);