X-Git-Url: https://git.distorted.org.uk/~mdw/termux-packages/blobdiff_plain/a9abb520559ae5681d5fb7d5575670593b5df792..f2926797b871a5151f6433b00275bb3615f19a14:/README.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3c536fc8..94930f02 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,60 +1,104 @@ -termux-packages +Termux packages =============== -This project contains scripts and patches to cross compile and package packages for -the [Termux](http://termux.com/) Android application. +[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/termux/termux](https://badges.gitter.im/termux/termux.svg)](https://gitter.im/termux/termux) +This project contains scripts and patches to build packages for the +[Termux](https://termux.com/) Android application. -Overview -======== -In a non-rooted Android device an app such as Termux may not write to system locations, -which is why every package is installed inside the private file area of the Termux app: - PREFIX=/data/data/com.termux/files/usr +License +======= +The scripts and patches to build each package is licensed under the same license as +the actual package (so the patches and scripts to build bash are licensed under +the same license as bash, while the patches and scripts to build python are licensed +under the same license as python). -For simplicity while developing and building, the build scripts here assume that a /data -folder is reserved for use on the host builder, which requires setup: - sudo mkdir /data - sudo chown $USER /data +Build environment on Ubuntu 16.04 +================================= +Packages are built using Ubuntu 16.04. Perform the following steps to configure a Ubuntu 16.04 installation: + +- Run `scripts/setup-ubuntu.sh` to install required packages and setup the `/data/` folder. + +- Run `scripts/setup-android-sdk.sh` to install the Android SDK and NDK at `$HOME/lib/android-{sdk,ndk}`. + +Build environment using Docker +============================== +On other Linux distributions than Ubuntu 16.04 (or on other platforms than Linux) the best course +of action is to setup a Docker container for building packages by executing: + + ./scripts/run-docker.sh + +This will setup a container (from an image created by [scripts/Dockerfile](scripts/Dockerfile)) +suitable for building packages. + +This source folder is mounted as the /root/termux-packages data volume, so changes are kept +in sync between the host and the container when trying things out before committing, and built +deb files will be available on the host in the `debs/` directory just as when building on the host. + +Build commands can be given to be executed in the docker container directly: + + ./scripts/run-docker.sh ./build-package.sh libandroid-support + +will launch the docker container, execute the `./build-package.sh libandroid-support` +command inside it and afterwards return you to the host prompt, with the newly built +deb in `debs/` to try out. + +Building a package +================== +The basic build operation is to run `./build-package.sh $PKG`, which: + +1. Sets up a patched stand-alone Android NDK toolchain if necessary. + +2. Reads `packages/$PKG/build.sh` to find out where to find the source code of the package and how to build it. -The basic flow is then to run "./build-package.sh $PKG", which - - Sets up a patched stand-alone Android NDK toolchain - - Reads packages/$PKG/build.sh to find out where to find the source code of the - package and how to build it. - - Applies all patches in packages/$PKG/\*.patch - - Builds the package and installs it to $PREFIX - - Packages the package in one or more .dpkg files for distribution -Reading and following build-package.sh is the best way to understand what's going on here. +3. Extracts the source in `$HOME/.termux-build/$PKG/src`. -Additional utilities are contained here: - - build-all.sh, used for building all packages in the correct order (using buildorder.py) - - check-pie.sh, used for verifying that all binaries are using PIE, which is required for Android 5+ - - check-versions.sh, used for checking for package updates - - clean-rebuild-all.sh, used for doing a clean rebuild of all packages (takes a couple of hours) - - list-packages.sh, used for listing all packages with a one-line summary +4. Applies all patches in packages/$PKG/\*.patch. +5. Builds the package under `$HOME/.termux-build/$PKG/` (either in the build/ directory there or in the + src/ directory if the package is specified to build in the src dir) and installs it to `$PREFIX`. -Resources about cross-compiling packages -======================================== -* [Linux From Scratch](http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/index.html) +6. Extracts modified files in `$PREFIX` into `$HOME/.termux-build/$PKG/massage` and massages the + files there for distribution (removes some files, splits it up in sub-packages, modifies elf files). -* [Beyond Linux From Scratch](http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/) +7. Creates a deb package file for distribution in `debs/`. -* [Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch](http://cross-lfs.org/view/svn/x86_64-64/) +Reading [build-package.sh](build-package.sh) is the best way to understand what is going on. -* [OpenWrt](https://openwrt.org/), an embedded Linx distribution, contains [patches and build scripts](https://dev.openwrt.org/browser/packages) +Additional utilities +==================== +* build-all.sh: used for building all packages in the correct order (using buildorder.py). -* http://dan.drown.org/android contains [patches for cross-compiling to Android](http://dan.drown.org/android/src/) as well as [work notes](http://dan.drown.org/android/worknotes.html), including a modified dynamic linker to avoid messing with LD_LIBRARY_PATH. +* clean-rebuild-all.sh: used for doing a clean rebuild of all packages. -* [CCTools](http://cctools.info/index.php?title=Main_Page) is an Android native IDE containing [patches for several programs](https://code.google.com/p/cctools/source/browse/#svn%2Ftrunk%2Fcctools-repo%2Fpatches) and [a bug tracker](https://code.google.com/p/cctools/issues/list). +* scripts/check-pie.sh: Used for verifying that all binaries are using PIE, which is required for Android 5+. -* [BotBrew](http://botbrew.com/) was a package manager for rooted devices with [sources on github](https://github.com/jyio/botbrew). Based on opkg and was transitioning to apt. +* scripts/detect-hardlinks.sh: Used for finding if any packages uses hardlinks, which does not work on Android M. -* [Kivy recipes](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/tree/master/recipes) contains recipes for building packages for Android. +* scripts/check-versions.sh: used for checking for package updates. + +* scripts/list-packages.sh: used for listing all packages with a one-line summary. + + +Resources +========= +* [Android changes for NDK developers](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/bionic/+/master/android-changes-for-ndk-developers.md) + +* [Linux From Scratch](http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/) + +* [Beyond Linux From Scratch](http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/stable/) + +* [Cross-Compiled Linux From Scratch](http://www.clfs.org/view/CLFS-3.0.0-SYSVINIT/mips64-64/) + +* [OpenWrt](https://openwrt.org/) as an embedded Linx distribution contains [patches and build scripts](https://dev.openwrt.org/browser/packages) + +* http://dan.drown.org/android contains [patches for cross-compiling to Android](http://dan.drown.org/android/src/) as well as [work notes](http://dan.drown.org/android/worknotes.html), including a modified dynamic linker to avoid messing with `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`. + +* [Kivy recipes](https://github.com/kivy/python-for-android/tree/master/pythonforandroid/recipes) contains recipes for building packages for Android. Common porting problems ======================= -* The Android bionic libc does not have iconv and gettext/libintl functionality built in. A package from the NDK, libandroid-support, -contains these and may be used by all packages. +* The Android bionic libc does not have iconv and gettext/libintl functionality built in. A package from the NDK, libandroid-support, contains these and may be used by all packages. * "error: z: no archive symbol table (run ranlib)" usually means that the build machines libz is used instead of the one for cross compilation, due to the builder library -L path being setup incorrectly @@ -64,17 +108,11 @@ contains these and may be used by all packages. * <sys/fcntl.h> does not exist, but <fcntl.h> is the standard location. -* glob(3) system function (glob.h) - not in bionic, but use the libglob package - -* undefined reference to 'rpl_malloc' and/or 'rpl_realloc': These functions are added by some autoconf setups - when it fails to detect 0-safe malloc and realloc during cross-compilating. Avoided by defining - "ac_cv_func_malloc_0_nonnull=yes ac_cv_func_realloc_0_nonnull=yes". - See http://wiki.buici.com/xwiki/bin/view/Programing+C+and+C%2B%2B/Autoconf+and+RPL_MALLOC +* glob(3) system function (glob.h) - not in bionic, but use the `libandroid-glob` package -* cmake and cross compiling: http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_Cross_Compiling - CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=$TERMUX_PREFIX to search there. - CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY and - CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=ONLY +* [Cmake and cross compiling](http://www.cmake.org/Wiki/CMake_Cross_Compiling). + `CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=$TERMUX_PREFIX` to search there. + `CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY` and `CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=ONLY` for only searching there and don't fall back to build machines * Android is removing sys/timeb.h because it was removed in POSIX 2008, but ftime(3) can be replaced with gettimeofday(2) @@ -82,67 +120,29 @@ contains these and may be used by all packages. * mempcpy(3) is a GNU extension. We have added it to <string.h> provided TERMUX_EXPOSE_MEMPCPY is defined, so use something like CFLAGS+=" -DTERMUX_EXPOSE_MEMPCPY=1" for packages expecting that function to exist. - dlopen() and RTLD_* flags ================================= -<dlfn.h> declares +<dlfcn.h> originally declares -> enum { RTLD_NOW = 2, RTLD_LAZY = 1, RTLD_LOCAL = 0, RTLD_GLOBAL = 0x00100, RTLD_NOLOAD = 4}; // 64 bit -> enum { RTLD_NOW = 0, RTLD_LAZY = 1, RTLD_LOCAL = 0, RTLD_GLOBAL = 2, RTLD_NOLOAD = 4}; // 32 bit + enum { RTLD_NOW=0, RTLD_LAZY=1, RTLD_LOCAL=0, RTLD_GLOBAL=2, RTLD_NOLOAD=4}; // 32-bit + enum { RTLD_NOW=2, RTLD_LAZY=1, RTLD_LOCAL=0, RTLD_GLOBAL=0x00100, RTLD_NOLOAD=4}; // 64-bit These differs from glibc ones in that -1. They are not preprocessor #define:s so cannot be checked for with #ifdef RTLD_GLOBAL (dln.c in ruby does this) +1. They are not preprocessor #define:s so cannot be checked for with `#ifdef RTLD_GLOBAL`. Termux patches this to #define values for compatibility with several packages. 2. They differ in value from glibc ones, so cannot be hardcoded in files (DLFCN.py in python does this) -3. They are missing some values (RTLD_BINDING_MASK, RTLD_NOLOAD, ...) +3. They are missing some values (`RTLD_BINDING_MASK`, `RTLD_NOLOAD`, ...) - -RPATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH AND RUNPATH -================================== +RPATH, RUNPATH AND LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH +==================================== On desktop linux the linker searches for shared libraries in: -1. RPATH - a list of directories which is linked into the executable, supported on most UNIX systems. It is ignored if RUNPATH is present. -2. LD_LIBRARY_PATH - an environment variable which holds a list of directories -3. RUNPATH - same as RPATH, but searched after LD_LIBRARY_PATH, supported only on most recent UNIX systems, e.g. on most current Linux systems -The Android linker (/system/bin/linker) does not support RPATH or RUNPATH, so we set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$USR/lib and try to avoid building -useless rpath entries with --disable-rpath configure flags. -Another option to avoid depending on LD_LIBRARY_PATH would be supplying a custom linker - this is not done due to the overhead of maintaining a custom linker. +1. `RPATH` - a list of directories which is linked into the executable, supported on most UNIX systems. It is ignored if `RUNPATH` is present. +2. `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` - an environment variable which holds a list of directories +3. `RUNPATH` - same as `RPATH`, but searched after `LD_LIBRARY_PATH`, supported only on most recent UNIX systems + +The Android linker, /system/bin/linker, does not support RPATH or RUNPATH, so we set `LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PREFIX/lib` and try to avoid building useless rpath entries (which the linker warns about) with --disable-rpath configure flags. NOTE: Starting from Android 7.0 RUNPATH (but not RPATH) is supported. Warnings about unused DT entries ================================ -Starting from 5.1 the Android linker warns about VERNEED (0x6FFFFFFE) and VERNEEDNUM (0x6FFFFFFF) ELF dynamic sections: - WARNING: linker: $BINARY: unused DT entry: type 0x6ffffffe arg ... - WARNING: linker: $BINARY: unused DT entry: type 0x6fffffff arg ... -These may come from version scripts in a Makefile such as: - -Wl,--version-script=$(top_srcdir)/proc/libprocps.sym -The termux-elf-cleaner utilty is run from build-package.sh and should normally take care of that problem. - -Obtaining shell access on an emulator -===================================== -First install and start sshd on device: - apt install openssh - sshd -The follow the below steps: - # Find out the linux user for the package to use in the chown command later: - adb shell dumpsys package com.termux | grep userId= - # Push your public ssh key: - adb push $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa.pub /data/data/com.termux/files/home/.ssh/authorized_keys - # Use the linux user for the package, 10053 below, to set ownerhip and permissions: - adb shell chown -R 10053 /data/data/com.termux/files/home/.ssh/ - adb shell chmod -R 0700 /data/data/com.termux/files/home/.ssh/ - # Forward port 8022 to the emulator: - adb forward tcp:8022 tcp:8022 - # Finally connect with ssh: - ssh -p 8022 localhost - -Bootstrapping -============= -To get files on device one option is: - udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 8069 tftpd -c . # Run on device. -c arg to allow file uploading - printf "mode binary\nput out.md\nquit" | tftp 192.168.0.12 8069 # on computer -Another is with ftp: - tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 8021 ftpd -w . # Run on device. -w arg to allow file uploading - printf "put tmp.c\nquit" | ftp -n 192.168.0.12 8021 # Run on computer. -n arg to use anonymous login -NOTE: The ftpd and tftpd programs has been patched to run without chroot. This means that the directory - serving is only the starting point and clients may cd out of if the access the whole system! - +Starting from 5.1 the Android linker warns about VERNEED (0x6FFFFFFE) and VERNEEDNUM (0x6FFFFFFF) ELF dynamic sections (WARNING: linker: $BINARY: unused DT entry: type 0x6ffffffe/0x6fffffff). These may come from version scripts (`-Wl,--version-script=`). The termux-elf-cleaner utilty is run from build-package.sh and should normally take care of that problem. NOTE: Starting from Android 6.0 symbol versioning is supported.