-\versionid $Id: errors.but,v 1.5 2003/03/17 16:57:23 simon Exp $
+\define{versioniderrors} \versionid $Id$
\C{errors} Common error messages
\H{errors-hostkey-absent} \q{The server's host key is not cached in
the registry}
+\cfg{winhelp-topic}{errors.hostkey.absent}
+
This error message occurs when PuTTY connects to a new SSH server.
Every server identifies itself by means of a host key; once PuTTY
knows the host key for a server, it will be able to detect if a
\H{errors-hostkey-wrong} \q{WARNING - POTENTIAL SECURITY BREACH!}
+\cfg{winhelp-topic}{errors.hostkey.changed}
+
This message, followed by \q{The server's host key does not match
the one PuTTY has cached in the registry}, means that PuTTY has
connected to the SSH server before, knows what its host key
... below the configured warning threshold}
This occurs when the SSH server does not offer any ciphers which you
-have configured PuTTY to consider strong enough.
+have configured PuTTY to consider strong enough. By default, PuTTY
+puts up this warning only for single-DES encryption.
See \k{config-ssh-encryption} for more information on this message.
bug in PuTTY. Please report it to us, and include the exact text
from the error message box.
+\H{errors-cant-load-key} \q{Unable to use this private key file},
+\q{Couldn't load private key}, \q{Key is of wrong type}
+
+\cfg{winhelp-topic}{errors.cantloadkey}
+
+Various forms of this error are printed in the PuTTY window, or
+written to the PuTTY Event Log (see \k{using-eventlog}) when trying
+public-key authentication, or given by Pageant when trying to load a
+private key.
+
+If you see one of these messages, it often indicates that you've tried
+to load a key of an inappropriate type into PuTTY, Plink, PSCP, PSFTP,
+or Pageant.
+
+You may have specified a key that's inappropriate for the connection
+you're making. The SSH-1 and SSH-2 protocols require different private
+key formats, and a SSH-1 key can't be used for a SSH-2 connection (or
+vice versa).
+
+Alternatively, you may have tried to load an SSH-2 key in a \q{foreign}
+format (OpenSSH or \cw{ssh.com}) directly into one of the PuTTY tools,
+in which case you need to import it into PuTTY's native format
+(\c{*.PPK}) using PuTTYgen - see \k{puttygen-conversions}.
+
\H{errors-refused} \q{Server refused our public key} or \q{Key
refused}
This is almost certainly not a problem with PuTTY. If you see this
type of message, the first thing you should do is check your
-\e{server} configuration carefully. Also, read the PuTTY Event Log;
+\e{server} configuration carefully. Common errors include having
+the wrong permissions or ownership set on the public key or the
+user's home directory on the server. Also, read the PuTTY Event Log;
the server may have sent diagnostic messages explaining exactly what
problem it had with your setup.
+\H{errors-access-denied} \q{Access denied}, \q{Authentication refused}
+
+Various forms of this error are printed in the PuTTY window, or
+written to the PuTTY Event Log (see \k{using-eventlog}) during
+authentication.
+
+If you see one of these messages, it means that the server has refused
+all the forms of authentication PuTTY has tried and it has no further
+ideas.
+
+It may be worth checking the Event Log for diagnostic messages from
+the server giving more detail.
+
+This error can be caused by buggy SSH-1 servers that fail to cope with
+the various strategies we use for camouflaging passwords in transit.
+Upgrade your server, or use the workarounds described in
+\k{config-ssh-bug-ignore1} and possibly \k{config-ssh-bug-plainpw1}.
+
\H{errors-crc} \q{Incorrect CRC received on packet} or \q{Incorrect
MAC received on packet}
This error occurs when PuTTY decrypts an SSH packet and the
decrypted data makes no sense. This probably means something has
gone wrong in the encryption or decryption process. It's difficult
-to tell from this error message whether the problem is in the client
-or in the server.
+to tell from this error message whether the problem is in the client,
+in the server, or in between.
If you get this error, one thing you could try would be to fiddle
with the setting of \q{Miscomputes SSH2 encryption keys} on the Bugs
Another known server problem which can cause this error is described
in \k{faq-openssh-bad-openssl} in the FAQ.
-\H{errors-x11-proxy} \q{Authentication failed at PuTTY X11 proxy}
+\H{errors-x11-proxy} \q{PuTTY X11 proxy: \e{various errors}}
-This error is reported when PuTTY is doing X forwarding. It is sent
-back to the X application running on the SSH server, which will
-usually report the error to the user.
+This family of errors are reported when PuTTY is doing X forwarding.
+They are sent back to the X application running on the SSH server,
+which will usually report the error to the user.
When PuTTY enables X forwarding (see \k{using-x-forwarding}) it
creates a virtual X display running on the SSH server. This display
put this mechanism in place automatically, so your X applications
should just work.
-A common reason why people see this message is because they used SSH
-to log in as one user (let's say \q{fred}), and then used the Unix
-\c{su} command to become another user (typically \q{root}). The
-original user, \q{fred}, has access to the X authentication data
+A common reason why people see one of these messages is because they
+used SSH to log in as one user (let's say \q{fred}), and then used
+the Unix \c{su} command to become another user (typically \q{root}).
+The original user, \q{fred}, has access to the X authentication data
provided by the SSH server, and can run X applications which are
forwarded over the SSH connection. However, the second user
(\q{root}) does not automatically have the authentication data
\H{errors-connaborted} \q{Network error: Software caused connection
abort}
-This error occurs when the Windows network code decides that your
-network connection is dead. For example, it will happen if you pull
-the network cable out of the back of an Ethernet-connected computer,
-or if Windows has any other similar reason to believe the entire
-network has become unreachable.
+This is a generic error produced by the Windows network code when it
+kills an established connection for some reason. For example, it might
+happen if you pull the network cable out of the back of an
+Ethernet-connected computer, or if Windows has any other similar
+reason to believe the entire network has become unreachable.
We are not aware of any reason why this error might occur that would
represent a bug in PuTTY. The problem is between you, your Windows
system, your network and the remote system.
+Some people have reported that enabling keepalives (see
+\k{config-keepalive}) fixes this error for them.
+
\H{errors-connreset} \q{Network error: Connection reset by peer}
This error occurs when the machines at each end of a network
may be able to improve the situation by using keepalives; see
\k{config-keepalive} for details on this.
+Note that Windows can produce this error in some circumstances without
+seeing a connection reset from the server, for instance if the
+connection to the network is lost.
+
\H{errors-connrefused} \q{Network error: Connection refused}
This error means that the network connection PuTTY tried to make to
or Rlogin), and check that the port number is correct. If that
fails, consult the administrator of your server.
-\H{errors-connrefused} \q{Network error: Connection timed out}
+\H{errors-conntimedout} \q{Network error: Connection timed out}
This error means that the network connection PuTTY tried to make to
your server received no response at all from the server. Usually
~mdw / sgt / putty / blobdiff