Initial work on PS and PDF output. Because these two backends share

[sgt/halibut] / bk_xhtml.c

/*
 * xhtml backend for Halibut
 * (initial implementation by James Aylett)
 *
 * Still to do:
 *
 *  +++ doesn't handle non-breaking hyphens. Not sure how to yet.
 *  +++ entity names (from a file -- ideally supply normal SGML files)
 *  +++ configuration directive to file split where the current layout
 *      code wouldn't. Needs changes to _ponder_layout() and _do_paras(),
 *      perhaps others.
 *
 * Limitations:
 *
 *  +++ biblio/index references target the nearest section marker, rather
 *   than having a dedicated target themselves. In large bibliographies
 *   this will cause problems. (The solution is to fake up a response
 *   from xhtml_find_section(), probably linking it into the sections
 *   chain just in case we need it again, and to make freeing it up
 *   easier.) docsrc.pl used to work as we do, however, and SGT agrees that
 *   this is acceptable for now.
 *  +++ can't cope with leaf-level == 0. It's all to do with the
 *   top-level file not being normal, probably not even having a valid
 *   section level, and stuff like that. I question whether this is an
 *   issue, frankly; small manuals that fit on one page should probably
 *   not be written in halibut at all.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "halibut.h"

/*
 * FILENAME_TEMPLATE (overridable in config of course) allows you
 * to choose the general form for your HTML file names. It is
 * slightly printf-styled (% followed by a single character is a
 * formatting directive, %% is a literal %). Formatting directives
 * are:
 * 
 *  - %n is the section type-plus-number, minus whitespace (`Chapter1.2').
 *  - %b is the section number on its own (`1.2').
 *  - %k is the section's _internal_ keyword.
 *  - %N is the section's visible title in the output, again minus
 *    whitespace.
 * 
 * %n, %b and %k will all default to %N if the section is
 * unnumbered (`Bibliography' is often a good example).
 * 
 * FRAGMENT_TEMPLATE is the same, but defines the <a name="foo">
 * markers used to cross-reference to particular subsections of a
 * file.
 */

#define FILENAME_SINGLE "Manual.html"
#define FILENAME_CONTENTS "Contents.html"
#define FILENAME_INDEX "IndexPage.html"
#define FILENAME_TEMPLATE "%n.html"
#define FRAGMENT_TEMPLATE "%b"

struct xhtmlsection_Struct {
    struct xhtmlsection_Struct *next; /* next sibling (NULL if split across files) */
    struct xhtmlsection_Struct *child; /* NULL if split across files */
    struct xhtmlsection_Struct *parent; /* NULL if split across files */
    struct xhtmlsection_Struct *chain; /* single structure independent of weird trees */
    paragraph *para;
    struct xhtmlfile_Struct *file; /* which file is this a part of? */
    char *fragment; /* fragment id within the file */
    int level;
};

struct xhtmlfile_Struct {
    struct xhtmlfile_Struct *next;
    struct xhtmlfile_Struct *child;
    struct xhtmlfile_Struct *parent;
    char *filename;
    struct xhtmlsection_Struct *sections; /* sections within this file (only one for non-leaf) */
    int is_leaf; /* is this file a leaf file, ie does it not have any children? */
};

typedef struct xhtmlsection_Struct xhtmlsection;
typedef struct xhtmlfile_Struct xhtmlfile;
typedef struct xhtmlindex_Struct xhtmlindex;

struct xhtmlindex_Struct {
  int nsection;
  int size;
  xhtmlsection **sections;
};

typedef struct {
    int just_numbers;
    wchar_t *number_suffix;
} xhtmlheadfmt;

typedef struct {
  int contents_depth[6];
  int leaf_contains_contents;
  int leaf_level;
  int leaf_smallest_contents;
  int include_version_id;
  wchar_t *author, *description;
  wchar_t *head_end, *body, *body_start, *body_end, *address_start, *address_end, *nav_attrs;
  int suppress_address;
  xhtmlheadfmt fchapter, *fsect;
  int nfsect;
  char *contents_filename, *index_filename;
  char *single_filename, *template_filename, *template_fragment;
} xhtmlconfig;

/*static void xhtml_level(paragraph *, int);
static void xhtml_level_0(paragraph *);
static void xhtml_docontents(FILE *, paragraph *, int);
static void xhtml_dosections(FILE *, paragraph *, int);
static void xhtml_dobody(FILE *, paragraph *, int);*/

static void xhtml_doheader(FILE *, word *);
static void xhtml_dofooter(FILE *);
static void xhtml_versionid(FILE *, word *, int);

static void xhtml_utostr(wchar_t *, char **);
static int xhtml_para_level(paragraph *);
static int xhtml_reservedchar(int);

static int xhtml_convert(wchar_t *, int, char **, int);
static void xhtml_rdaddwc(rdstringc *, word *, word *, int);
static void xhtml_para(FILE *, word *, int);
static void xhtml_codepara(FILE *, word *);
static void xhtml_heading(FILE *, paragraph *, int);

/* File-global variables are much easier than passing these things
 * all over the place. Evil, but easier. We can replace this with a single
 * structure at some point.
 */
static xhtmlconfig conf;
static keywordlist *keywords;
static indexdata *idx;
static xhtmlfile *topfile;
static xhtmlsection *topsection;
static paragraph *sourceparas;
static xhtmlfile *lastfile;
static xhtmlfile *xhtml_last_file = NULL;
static int last_level=-1, start_level;
static xhtmlsection *currentsection;

static xhtmlconfig xhtml_configure(paragraph *source)
{
  xhtmlconfig ret;

  /*
   * Defaults.
   */
  ret.contents_depth[0] = 2;
  ret.contents_depth[1] = 3;
  ret.contents_depth[2] = 4;
  ret.contents_depth[3] = 5;
  ret.contents_depth[4] = 6;
  ret.contents_depth[5] = 7;
  ret.leaf_level = 2;
  ret.leaf_smallest_contents = 4;
  ret.leaf_contains_contents = FALSE;
  ret.include_version_id = TRUE;
  ret.author = NULL;
  ret.description = NULL;
  ret.head_end = NULL;
  ret.body = NULL;
  ret.body_start = NULL;
  ret.body_end = NULL;
  ret.address_start = NULL;
  ret.address_end = NULL;
  ret.nav_attrs = NULL;
  ret.suppress_address = FALSE;

  ret.fchapter.just_numbers = FALSE;
  ret.fchapter.number_suffix = L": ";
  ret.nfsect = 2;
  ret.fsect = mknewa(xhtmlheadfmt, ret.nfsect);
  ret.fsect[0].just_numbers = FALSE;
  ret.fsect[0].number_suffix = L": ";
  ret.fsect[1].just_numbers = TRUE;
  ret.fsect[1].number_suffix = L" ";
  ret.contents_filename = strdup(FILENAME_CONTENTS);
  ret.single_filename = strdup(FILENAME_SINGLE);
  ret.index_filename = strdup(FILENAME_INDEX);
  ret.template_filename = strdup(FILENAME_TEMPLATE);
  ret.template_fragment = strdup(FRAGMENT_TEMPLATE);

  for (; source; source = source->next)
  {
    if (source->type == para_Config)
    {
      if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-contents-filename")) {
	sfree(ret.contents_filename);
	ret.contents_filename = utoa_dup(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-single-filename")) {
	sfree(ret.single_filename);
	ret.single_filename = utoa_dup(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-index-filename")) {
	sfree(ret.index_filename);
	ret.index_filename = utoa_dup(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-template-filename")) {
	sfree(ret.template_filename);
	ret.template_filename = utoa_dup(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-template-fragment")) {
	sfree(ret.template_fragment);
	ret.template_fragment = utoa_dup(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-contents-depth-0")) {
        ret.contents_depth[0] = utoi(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-contents-depth-1")) {
        ret.contents_depth[1] = utoi(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-contents-depth-2")) {
        ret.contents_depth[2] = utoi(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-contents-depth-3")) {
        ret.contents_depth[3] = utoi(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-contents-depth-4")) {
        ret.contents_depth[4] = utoi(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-contents-depth-5")) {
        ret.contents_depth[5] = utoi(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-leaf-level")) {
        ret.leaf_level = utoi(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-leaf-smallest-contents")) {
        ret.leaf_smallest_contents = utoi(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-versionid")) {
        ret.include_version_id = utob(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-leaf-contains-contents")) {
        ret.leaf_contains_contents = utob(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-suppress-address")) {
        ret.suppress_address = utob(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-author")) {
        ret.author = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-description")) {
        ret.description = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-head-end")) {
        ret.head_end = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-body-start")) {
        ret.body_start = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-body-tag")) {
        ret.body = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-body-end")) {
        ret.body_end = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-address-start")) {
        ret.address_start = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-address-end")) {
        ret.address_end = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-navigation-attributes")) {
        ret.nav_attrs = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-chapter-numeric")) {
	ret.fchapter.just_numbers = utob(uadv(source->keyword));
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-chapter-suffix")) {
	ret.fchapter.number_suffix = uadv(source->keyword);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-section-numeric")) {
	wchar_t *p = uadv(source->keyword);
	int n = 0;
	if (uisdigit(*p)) {
	  n = utoi(p);
	  p = uadv(p);
	}
	if (n >= ret.nfsect) {
	  int i;
	  ret.fsect = resize(ret.fsect, n+1);
	  for (i = ret.nfsect; i <= n; i++)
	    ret.fsect[i] = ret.fsect[ret.nfsect-1];
	  ret.nfsect = n+1;
	}
	ret.fsect[n].just_numbers = utob(p);
      } else if (!ustricmp(source->keyword, L"xhtml-section-suffix")) {
	wchar_t *p = uadv(source->keyword);
	int n = 0;
	if (uisdigit(*p)) {
	  n = utoi(p);
	  p = uadv(p);
	}
	if (n >= ret.nfsect) {
	  int i;
	  ret.fsect = resize(ret.fsect, n+1);
	  for (i = ret.nfsect; i <= n; i++)
	    ret.fsect[i] = ret.fsect[ret.nfsect-1];
	  ret.nfsect = n+1;
	}
	ret.fsect[n].number_suffix = p;
      }
    }
  }

  /*  printf(" !!! leaf_level = %i\n", ret.leaf_level);
  printf(" !!! contentdepth-0 = %i\n", ret.contents_depth[0]);
  printf(" !!! contentdepth-1 = %i\n", ret.contents_depth[1]);
  printf(" !!! contentdepth-2 = %i\n", ret.contents_depth[2]);
  printf(" !!! contentdepth-3 = %i\n", ret.contents_depth[3]);
  printf(" !!! contentdepth-4 = %i\n", ret.contents_depth[4]);
  printf(" !!! contentdepth-5 = %i\n", ret.contents_depth[5]);
  printf(" !!! leaf_contains_contents = %i\n", ret.leaf_contains_contents);*/
  return ret;
}

paragraph *xhtml_config_filename(char *filename)
{
    /*
     * If the user passes in a single filename as a parameter to
     * the `--html' command-line option, then we should assume it
     * to imply _two_ config directives:
     * \cfg{xhtml-single-filename}{whatever} and
     * \cfg{xhtml-leaf-level}{0}; the rationale being that the user
     * wants their output _in that file_.
     */

    paragraph *p[2];
    int i, len;
    wchar_t *ufilename, *up;

    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
	p[i] = mknew(paragraph);
	memset(p[i], 0, sizeof(*p[i]));
	p[i]->type = para_Config;
	p[i]->next = NULL;
	p[i]->fpos.filename = "<command line>";
	p[i]->fpos.line = p[i]->fpos.col = -1;
    }

    ufilename = ufroma_dup(filename);
    len = ustrlen(ufilename) + 2 + lenof(L"xhtml-single-filename");
    p[0]->keyword = mknewa(wchar_t, len);
    up = p[0]->keyword;
    ustrcpy(up, L"xhtml-single-filename");
    up = uadv(up);
    ustrcpy(up, ufilename);
    up = uadv(up);
    *up = L'\0';
    assert(up - p[0]->keyword < len);
    sfree(ufilename);

    len = lenof(L"xhtml-leaf-level") + lenof(L"0") + 1;
    p[1]->keyword = mknewa(wchar_t, len);
    up = p[1]->keyword;
    ustrcpy(up, L"xhtml-leaf-level");
    up = uadv(up);
    ustrcpy(up, L"0");
    up = uadv(up);
    *up = L'\0';
    assert(up - p[1]->keyword < len);

    p[0]->next = p[1];

    return p[0];
}

static xhtmlsection *xhtml_new_section(xhtmlsection *last)
{
  xhtmlsection *ret = mknew(xhtmlsection);
  ret->next=NULL;
  ret->child=NULL;
  ret->parent=NULL;
  ret->chain=last;
  ret->para=NULL;
  ret->file=NULL;
  ret->fragment=NULL;
  ret->level=-1; /* marker: end of chain */
  return ret;
}

/* Returns NULL or the section that marks that paragraph */
static xhtmlsection *xhtml_find_section(paragraph *p)
{
  xhtmlsection *ret = topsection;
  if (xhtml_para_level(p)==-1) { /* first, we back-track to a section paragraph */
    paragraph *p2 = sourceparas;
    paragraph *p3 = NULL;
    while (p2 && p2!=p) {
      if (xhtml_para_level(p2)!=-1) {
        p3 = p2;
      }
      p2=p2->next;
    }
    if (p3==NULL) { /* for some reason, we couldn't find a section before this paragraph ... ? */
      /* Note that this can happen, if you have a cross-reference to before the first chapter starts.
       * So don't do that, then.
       */
      return NULL;
    }
    p=p3;
  }
  while (ret && ret->para != p) {
/*    printf(" xhtml_find_section(): checking %s for para @ %p\n", ret->fragment, p);*/
    ret=ret->chain;
  }
  return ret;
}

static void xhtml_format(paragraph *p, char *template_string, rdstringc *r)
{
    char *c, *t;
    word *w;
    wchar_t *ws;

    t = template_string;
    while (*t) {
	if (*t == '%' && t[1]) {
	    int fmt;

	    t++;
	    fmt = *t++;

	    if (fmt == '%') {
		rdaddc(r, fmt);
		continue;
	    }

	    w = NULL;
	    ws = NULL;

	    if (p->kwtext && fmt == 'n')
		w = p->kwtext;
	    else if (p->kwtext2 && fmt == 'b')
		w = p->kwtext2;
	    else if (p->keyword && *p->keyword && fmt == 'k')
		ws = p->keyword;
	    else
		w = p->words;

	    while (w) {
		switch (removeattr(w->type))
		{
		  case word_Normal:
		    /*case word_Emph:
		     case word_Code:
		     case word_WeakCode:*/
		    xhtml_utostr(w->text, &c);
		    rdaddsc(r,c);
		    sfree(c);
		    break;
		}
		w = w->next;
	    }
	    if (ws) {
		xhtml_utostr(ws, &c);
		rdaddsc(r,c);
		sfree(c);
	    }
	} else {
	    rdaddc(r, *t++);
	}
    }
}

static xhtmlfile *xhtml_new_file(xhtmlsection *sect)
{
  xhtmlfile *ret = mknew(xhtmlfile);

  ret->next=NULL;
  ret->child=NULL;
  ret->parent=NULL;
  ret->filename=NULL;
  ret->sections=sect;
  ret->is_leaf=(sect!=NULL && sect->level==conf.leaf_level);
  if (sect==NULL) {
    if (conf.leaf_level==0) { /* currently unused */
      ret->filename = smalloc(strlen(conf.single_filename)+1);
      sprintf(ret->filename, conf.single_filename);
    } else {
      ret->filename = smalloc(strlen(conf.contents_filename)+1);
      sprintf(ret->filename, conf.contents_filename);
    }
  } else {
    paragraph *p = sect->para;
    rdstringc fname_c = { 0, 0, NULL };
    xhtml_format(p, conf.template_filename, &fname_c);
    ret->filename = rdtrimc(&fname_c);
  }
  /*  printf(" ! new file '%s', is_leaf == %s\n", ret->filename, (ret->is_leaf)?("true"):("false"));*/
  return ret;
}

/*
 * Walk the tree fixing up files which are actually leaf (ie
 * have no children) but aren't at leaf level, so they have the
 * leaf flag set.
 */
void xhtml_fixup_layout(xhtmlfile* file)
{
  if (file->child==NULL) {
    file->is_leaf = TRUE;
  } else {
    xhtml_fixup_layout(file->child);
  }
  if (file->next)
    xhtml_fixup_layout(file->next);
}

/*
 * Create the tree structure so we know where everything goes.
 * Method:
 *
 * Ignoring file splitting, we have three choices with each new section:
 * 
 * +-----------------+-----------------+
 * |                 |                 |
 * X            +----X----+           (1)
 *              |         |
 *              Y        (2)
 *              |
 *             (3)
 *
 * Y is the last section we added (currentsect).
 * If sect is the section we want to add, then:
 *
 * (1) if sect->level < currentsect->level
 * (2) if sect->level == currentsect->level
 * (3) if sect->level > currentsect->level
 *
 * This requires the constraint that you never skip section numbers
 * (so you can't have a.b.c.d without all of a, a.b and a.b.c existing).
 *
 * Note that you _can_ have 1.1.1.1 followed by 1.2 - you can change
 * more than one level at a time. Lots of asserts, and probably part of
 * the algorithm here, rely on this being true. (It currently isn't
 * enforced by halibut, however.)
 *
 * File splitting makes this harder. For instance, say we added at (3)
 * above and now need to add another section. We are splitting at level
 * 2, ie the level of Y. Z is the last section we added:
 *
 * +-----------------+-----------------+
 * |                 |                 |
 * X            +----X----+           (1)
 *              |         |
 *         +----Y----+   (1)
 *         |         |
 *         Z        (2)
 *         |
 *        (3)
 *
 * The (1) case is now split; we need to search upwards to find where
 * to actually link in. The other two cases remain the same (and will
 * always be like this).
 *
 * File splitting makes this harder, however. The decision of whether
 * to split to a new file is always on the same condition, however (is
 * the level of this section higher than the leaf_level configuration
 * value or not).
 *
 * Treating the cases backwards:
 *
 * (3) same file if sect->level > conf.leaf_level, otherwise new file
 *
 *     if in the same file, currentsect->child points to sect
 *     otherwise the linking is done through the file tree (which works
 *     in more or less the same way, ie currentfile->child points to
 *     the new file)
 *
 * (2) same file if sect->level > conf.leaf_level, otherwise new file
 *
 *     if in the same file, currentsect->next points to sect
 *     otherwise file linking and currentfile->next points to the new
 *     file (we know that Z must have caused a new file to be created)
 *
 * (1) same file if sect->level > conf.leaf_level, otherwise new file
 *
 *     this is actually effectively the same case as (2) here,
 *     except that we first have to travel up the sections to figure
 *     out which section this new one will be a sibling of. In doing
 *     so, we may disappear off the top of a file and have to go up
 *     to its parent in the file tree.
 *
 */
static void xhtml_ponder_layout(paragraph *p)
{
  xhtmlsection *lastsection;
  xhtmlsection *currentsect;
  xhtmlfile *currentfile;

  lastfile = NULL;
  topsection = xhtml_new_section(NULL);
  topfile = xhtml_new_file(NULL);
  lastsection = topsection;
  currentfile = topfile;
  currentsect = topsection;

  if (conf.leaf_level == 0) {
    topfile->is_leaf = 1;
    topfile->sections = topsection;
    topsection->file = topfile;
  }

  for (; p; p=p->next)
  {
    int level = xhtml_para_level(p);
    if (level>0) /* actually a section */
    {
      xhtmlsection *sect;
      rdstringc frag_c = { 0, 0, NULL };

      sect = xhtml_new_section(lastsection);
      lastsection = sect;
      sect->para = p;

      xhtml_format(p, conf.template_fragment, &frag_c);
      sect->fragment = rdtrimc(&frag_c);
      sect->level = level;
      /*      printf(" ! adding para @ %p as sect %s, level %i\n", sect->para, sect->fragment, level);*/

      if (level>currentsect->level) { /* case (3) */
        if (level>conf.leaf_level) { /* same file */
          assert(currentfile->is_leaf);
          currentsect->child = sect;
          sect->parent=currentsect;
          sect->file=currentfile;
	  /*          printf("connected '%s' to existing file '%s' [I]\n", sect->fragment, currentfile->filename);*/
          currentsect=sect;
        } else { /* new file */
          xhtmlfile *file = xhtml_new_file(sect);
          assert(!currentfile->is_leaf);
          currentfile->child=file;
          sect->file=file;
          file->parent=currentfile;
	  /*          printf("connected '%s' to new file '%s' [I]\n", sect->fragment, file->filename);*/
          currentfile=file;
          currentsect=sect;
        }
      } else if (level >= currentsect->file->sections->level) {
	/* Case (1) or (2) *AND* still under the section that starts
	 * the current file.
	 *
	 * I'm not convinced that this couldn't be rolled in with the
	 * final else {} leg further down. It seems a lot of effort
	 * this way.
	 */
        if (level>conf.leaf_level) { /* stick within the same file */
          assert(currentfile->is_leaf);
          sect->file = currentfile;
	  while (currentsect && currentsect->level > level &&
		 currentsect->file==currentsect->parent->file) {
	    currentsect = currentsect->parent;
	  }
	  assert(currentsect);
          currentsect->next = sect;
	  assert(currentsect->level == sect->level);
	  sect->parent = currentsect->parent;
          currentsect = sect;
	  /*          printf("connected '%s' to existing file '%s' [II]\n", sect->fragment, currentfile->filename);*/
        } else { /* new file */
          xhtmlfile *file = xhtml_new_file(sect);
          sect->file=file;
          currentfile->next=file;
          file->parent=currentfile->parent;
          file->is_leaf=(level==conf.leaf_level);
          file->sections=sect;
	  /*          printf("connected '%s' to new file '%s' [II]\n", sect->fragment, file->filename);*/
          currentfile=file;
          currentsect=sect;
        }
      } else { /* Case (1) or (2) and we must move up the file tree first */
	/* this loop is now probably irrelevant - we know we can't connect
	 * to anything in the current file */
        while (currentsect && level<currentsect->level) {
          currentsect=currentsect->parent;
          if (currentsect) {
	    /*            printf(" * up one level to '%s'\n", currentsect->fragment);*/
          } else {
	    /*            printf(" * up one level (off top of current file)\n");*/
          }
        }
        if (currentsect) {
	  /* I'm pretty sure this can now never fire */
          assert(currentfile->is_leaf);
	  /*          printf("connected '%s' to existing file '%s' [III]\n", sect->fragment, currentfile->filename);*/
          sect->file = currentfile;
          currentsect->next=sect;
          currentsect=sect;
        } else { /* find a file we can attach to */
          while (currentfile && currentfile->sections && level<currentfile->sections->level) {
            currentfile=currentfile->parent;
            if (currentfile) {
	      /*              printf(" * up one file level to '%s'\n", currentfile->filename);*/
            } else {
	      /*              printf(" * up one file level (off top of tree)\n");*/
            }
          }
          if (currentfile) { /* new file (we had to skip up a file to
				get here, so we must be dealing with a
				level no lower than the configured
				leaf_level */
            xhtmlfile *file = xhtml_new_file(sect);
            currentfile->next=file;
            sect->file=file;
            file->parent=currentfile->parent;
            file->is_leaf=(level==conf.leaf_level);
            file->sections=sect;
	    /*            printf("connected '%s' to new file '%s' [III]\n", sect->fragment, file->filename);*/
            currentfile=file;
            currentsect=sect;
          } else {
            fatal(err_whatever, "Ran off the top trying to connect sibling: strange document.");
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  topsection = lastsection; /* get correct end of the chain */
  xhtml_fixup_layout(topfile); /* leaf files not at leaf level marked as such */
}

static void xhtml_do_index();
static void xhtml_do_file(xhtmlfile *file);
static void xhtml_do_top_file(xhtmlfile *file, paragraph *sourceform);
static void xhtml_do_paras(FILE *fp, paragraph *p, paragraph *end, int indexable);
static int xhtml_do_contents_limit(FILE *fp, xhtmlfile *file, int limit);
static int xhtml_do_contents_section_limit(FILE *fp, xhtmlsection *section, int limit);
static int xhtml_add_contents_entry(FILE *fp, xhtmlsection *section, int limit);
static int xhtml_do_contents(FILE *fp, xhtmlfile *file);
static int xhtml_do_naked_contents(FILE *fp, xhtmlfile *file);
static void xhtml_do_sections(FILE *fp, xhtmlsection *sections);

/*
 * Do all the files in this structure.
 */
static void xhtml_do_files(xhtmlfile *file)
{
  xhtml_do_file(file);
  if (file->child)
    xhtml_do_files(file->child);
  if (file->next)
    xhtml_do_files(file->next);
}

/*
 * Free up all memory used by the file tree from 'xfile' downwards
 */
static void xhtml_free_file(xhtmlfile* xfile)
{
  if (xfile==NULL) {
    return;
  }

  if (xfile->filename) {
    sfree(xfile->filename);
  }
  xhtml_free_file(xfile->child);
  xhtml_free_file(xfile->next);
  sfree(xfile);
}

/*
 * Main function.
 */
void xhtml_backend(paragraph *sourceform, keywordlist *in_keywords,
		   indexdata *in_idx, void *unused)
{
/*  int i;*/
  indexentry *ientry;
  int ti;
  xhtmlsection *xsect;

  IGNORE(unused);    

  sourceparas = sourceform;
  conf = xhtml_configure(sourceform);
  keywords = in_keywords;
  idx = in_idx;

  /* Clear up the index entries backend data pointers */
  for (ti=0; (ientry = (indexentry *)index234(idx->entries, ti))!=NULL; ti++) {
    ientry->backend_data=NULL;
  }

  xhtml_ponder_layout(sourceform);

  /* old system ... (writes to *.alt, but gets some stuff wrong and is ugly) */
/*  xhtml_level_0(sourceform);
  for (i=1; i<=conf.leaf_level; i++)
  {
    xhtml_level(sourceform, i);
  }*/

  /* new system ... (writes to *.html, but isn't fully trusted) */
  xhtml_do_top_file(topfile, sourceform);
  assert(!topfile->next); /* shouldn't have a sibling at all */
  if (topfile->child) {
    xhtml_do_files(topfile->child);
    xhtml_do_index();
  }

  /* release file, section, index data structures */
  xsect = topsection;
  while (xsect) {
    xhtmlsection *tmp = xsect->chain;
    if (xsect->fragment) {
      sfree(xsect->fragment);
    }
    sfree(xsect);
    xsect = tmp;
  }
  xhtml_free_file(topfile);
  for (ti = 0; (ientry=(indexentry *)index234(idx->entries, ti))!=NULL; ti++) {
    if (ientry->backend_data!=NULL) {
      xhtmlindex *xi = (xhtmlindex*) ientry->backend_data;
      if (xi->sections!=NULL) {
	sfree(xi->sections);
      }
      sfree(xi);
    }
    ientry->backend_data = NULL;
  }
  sfree(conf.fsect);
}

static int xhtml_para_level(paragraph *p)
{
  switch (p->type)
  {
  case para_Title:
    return 0;
    break;
  case para_UnnumberedChapter:
  case para_Chapter:
  case para_Appendix:
    return 1;
    break;
/*  case para_BiblioCited:
    return 2;
    break;*/
  case para_Heading:
  case para_Subsect:
    return p->aux+2;
    break;
  default:
    return -1;
    break;
  }
}

/* Output the nav links for the current file.
 * file == NULL means we're doing the index
 */
static void xhtml_donavlinks(FILE *fp, xhtmlfile *file)
{
  xhtmlfile *xhtml_next_file = NULL;
  fprintf(fp, "<p");
  if (conf.nav_attrs!=NULL) {
    fprintf(fp, " %ls>", conf.nav_attrs);
  } else {
    fprintf(fp, ">");
  }
  if (xhtml_last_file==NULL) {
    fprintf(fp, "Previous | ");
  } else {
    fprintf(fp, "<a href='%s'>Previous</a> | ", xhtml_last_file->filename);
  }
  fprintf(fp, "<a href='%s'>Contents</a> | ", conf.contents_filename);
  if (file == NULL) {
    fprintf(fp, "Index | ");
  } else {
    fprintf(fp, "<a href='%s'>Index</a> | ", conf.index_filename);
  }
  if (file != NULL) { /* otherwise we're doing nav links for the index */
    if (xhtml_next_file==NULL)
      xhtml_next_file = file->child;
    if (xhtml_next_file==NULL)
      xhtml_next_file = file->next;
    if (xhtml_next_file==NULL)
      xhtml_next_file = file->parent->next;
  }
  if (xhtml_next_file==NULL) {
    if (file==NULL) { /* index, so no next file */
      fprintf(fp, "Next	");
    } else {
      fprintf(fp, "<a href='%s'>Next</a>", conf.index_filename);
    }
  } else {
    fprintf(fp, "<a href='%s'>Next</a>", xhtml_next_file->filename);
  }
  fprintf(fp, "</p>\n");
}

/* Write out the index file */
static void xhtml_do_index_body(FILE *fp)
{
  indexentry *y;
  int ti;

  if (count234(idx->entries) == 0)
    return;			       /* don't write anything at all */

  fprintf(fp, "<dl>\n");
  /* iterate over idx->entries using the tree functions and display everything */
  for (ti = 0; (y = (indexentry *)index234(idx->entries, ti)) != NULL; ti++) {
    if (y->backend_data) {
      int i;
      xhtmlindex *xi;

      fprintf(fp, "<dt>");
      xhtml_para(fp, y->text, FALSE);
      fprintf(fp, "</dt>\n<dd>");

      xi = (xhtmlindex*) y->backend_data;
      for (i=0; i<xi->nsection; i++) {
	xhtmlsection *sect = xi->sections[i];
	if (sect) {
	  fprintf(fp, "<a href='%s#%s'>", sect->file->filename, sect->fragment);
	  if (sect->para->kwtext) {
	    xhtml_para(fp, sect->para->kwtext, FALSE);
	  } else if (sect->para->words) {
	    xhtml_para(fp, sect->para->words, FALSE);
	  }
	  fprintf(fp, "</a>");
	  if (i+1<xi->nsection) {
	    fprintf(fp, ", ");
	  }
	}
      }
      fprintf(fp, "</dd>\n");
    }
  }
  fprintf(fp, "</dl>\n");
}
static void xhtml_do_index()
{
  word temp_word = { NULL, NULL, word_Normal, 0, 0, L"Index",
      { NULL, 0, 0}, NULL };
  FILE *fp = fopen(conf.index_filename, "w");

  if (fp==NULL)
    fatal(err_cantopenw, conf.index_filename);
  xhtml_doheader(fp, &temp_word);
  xhtml_donavlinks(fp, NULL);

  xhtml_do_index_body(fp);

  xhtml_donavlinks(fp, NULL);
  xhtml_dofooter(fp);
  fclose(fp);
}

/* Output the given file. This includes whatever contents at beginning and end, etc. etc. */
static void xhtml_do_file(xhtmlfile *file)
{
  FILE *fp = fopen(file->filename, "w");
  if (fp==NULL)
    fatal(err_cantopenw, file->filename);

  if (file->sections->para->words) {
    xhtml_doheader(fp, file->sections->para->words);
  } else if (file->sections->para->kwtext) {
    xhtml_doheader(fp, file->sections->para->kwtext);
  } else {
    xhtml_doheader(fp, NULL);
  }

  xhtml_donavlinks(fp, file);

  if (file->is_leaf && conf.leaf_contains_contents &&
      xhtml_do_contents(NULL, file)>=conf.leaf_smallest_contents)
    xhtml_do_contents(fp, file);
  xhtml_do_sections(fp, file->sections);
  if (!file->is_leaf)
    xhtml_do_naked_contents(fp, file);

  xhtml_donavlinks(fp, file);

  xhtml_dofooter(fp);
  fclose(fp);

  xhtml_last_file = file;
}

/* Output the top-level file. */
static void xhtml_do_top_file(xhtmlfile *file, paragraph *sourceform)
{
  paragraph *p;
  int done=FALSE;
  FILE *fp = fopen(file->filename, "w");
  if (fp==NULL)
    fatal(err_cantopenw, file->filename);

  /* Do the title -- only one allowed */
  for (p = sourceform; p && !done; p = p->next)
  {
    if (p->type == para_Title)
    {
      xhtml_doheader(fp, p->words);
      done=TRUE;
    }
  }
  if (!done)
    xhtml_doheader(fp, NULL /* Eek! */);

  /*
   * Display the title.
   */
  for (p = sourceform; p; p = p->next)
  {
    if (p->type == para_Title) {
      xhtml_heading(fp, p, FALSE);
      break;
    }
  }

  /* Do the preamble */
  for (p = sourceform; p; p = p->next)
  {
    if (p->type == para_Chapter || p->type == para_Heading ||
	p->type == para_Subsect || p->type == para_Appendix ||
	p->type == para_UnnumberedChapter) {
	/*
	 * We've found the end of the preamble. Do every normal
	 * paragraph up to there.
	 */
	xhtml_do_paras(fp, sourceform, p, FALSE);
	break;
    }
  }

  xhtml_do_contents(fp, file);
  xhtml_do_sections(fp, file->sections);

  /*
   * Put the index in the top file if we're in single-file mode
   * (leaf-level 0).
   */
  if (conf.leaf_level == 0 && count234(idx->entries) > 0) {
    fprintf(fp, "<a name=\"index\"></a><h1>Index</h1>\n");
    xhtml_do_index_body(fp);
  }

  xhtml_dofooter(fp);
  fclose(fp);
}

/* Convert a Unicode string to an ASCII one. '?' is
 * used for unmappable characters.
 */
static void xhtml_utostr(wchar_t *in, char **out)
{
  int l = ustrlen(in);
  int i;
  *out = smalloc(l+1);
  for (i=0; i<l; i++)
  {
    if (in[i]>=32 && in[i]<=126)
      (*out)[i]=(char)in[i];
    else
      (*out)[i]='?';
  }
  (*out)[i]=0;
}

/*
 * Write contents for the given file, and subfiles, down to
 * the appropriate contents depth. Returns the number of
 * entries written.
 */
static int xhtml_do_contents(FILE *fp, xhtmlfile *file)
{
  int level, limit, count = 0;
  if (!file)
    return 0;

  level = (file->sections)?(file->sections->level):(0);
  limit = conf.contents_depth[(level>5)?(5):(level)];
  start_level = (file->is_leaf) ? (level-1) : (level);
  last_level = start_level;

  count += xhtml_do_contents_section_limit(fp, file->sections, limit);
  count += xhtml_do_contents_limit(fp, file->child, limit);
  if (fp!=NULL) {
    while (last_level > start_level) {
      last_level--;
      fprintf(fp, "</li></ul>\n");
    }
  }
  return count;
}

/* As above, but doesn't do anything in the current file */
static int xhtml_do_naked_contents(FILE *fp, xhtmlfile *file)
{
  int level, limit, start_level, count = 0;
  if (!file)
    return 0;

  level = (file->sections)?(file->sections->level):(0);
  limit = conf.contents_depth[(level>5)?(5):(level)];
  start_level = (file->is_leaf) ? (level-1) : (level);
  last_level = start_level;

  count = xhtml_do_contents_limit(fp, file->child, limit);
  if (fp!=NULL) {
    while (last_level > start_level) {
      last_level--;
      fprintf(fp, "</li></ul>\n");
    }
  }
  return count;
}

/*
 * Write contents for the given file, children, and siblings, down to
 * given limit contents depth.
 */
static int xhtml_do_contents_limit(FILE *fp, xhtmlfile *file, int limit)
{
  int count = 0;
  while (file) {
    count += xhtml_do_contents_section_limit(fp, file->sections, limit);
    count += xhtml_do_contents_limit(fp, file->child, limit);
    file = file->next;
  }
  return count;
}

/*
 * Write contents entries for the given section tree, down to the
 * limit contents depth.
 */
static int xhtml_do_contents_section_deep_limit(FILE *fp, xhtmlsection *section, int limit)
{
  int count = 0;
  while (section) {
    if (!xhtml_add_contents_entry(fp, section, limit))
      return 0;
    else
      count++;
    count += xhtml_do_contents_section_deep_limit(fp, section->child, limit);
    section = section->next;
  }
  return count;
}

/*
 * Write contents entries for the given section tree, down to the
 * limit contents depth.
 */
static int xhtml_do_contents_section_limit(FILE *fp, xhtmlsection *section, int limit)
{
  int count = 0;
  if (!section)
    return 0;
  xhtml_add_contents_entry(fp, section, limit);
  count=1;
  count += xhtml_do_contents_section_deep_limit(fp, section->child, limit);
  /*  section=section->child;
  while (section && xhtml_add_contents_entry(fp, section, limit)) {
    section = section->next;
    }*/
  return count;
}

/*
 * Add a section entry, unless we're exceeding the limit, in which
 * case return FALSE (otherwise return TRUE).
 */
static int xhtml_add_contents_entry(FILE *fp, xhtmlsection *section, int limit)
{
  if (!section || section->level > limit)
    return FALSE;
  if (fp==NULL || section->level < 0)
    return TRUE;
  if (last_level > section->level) {
    while (last_level > section->level) {
      last_level--;
      fprintf(fp, "</li></ul>\n");
    }
    fprintf(fp, "</li>\n");
  } else if (last_level < section->level) {
    assert(last_level == section->level - 1);
    last_level++;
    fprintf(fp, "<ul>\n");
  } else {
    fprintf(fp, "</li>\n");
  }
  fprintf(fp, "<li><a href=\"%s#%s\">", section->file->filename, section->fragment);
  if (section->para->kwtext) {
    xhtml_para(fp, section->para->kwtext, FALSE);
    if (section->para->words) {
      fprintf(fp, ": ");
    }
  }
  if (section->para->words) {
    xhtml_para(fp, section->para->words, FALSE);
  }
  fprintf(fp, "</a>\n");
  return TRUE;
}

/*
 * Write all the sections in this file. Do all paragraphs in this section, then all
 * children (recursively), then go on to the next one (tail recursively).
 */
static void xhtml_do_sections(FILE *fp, xhtmlsection *sections)
{
  while (sections) {
    currentsection = sections;
    xhtml_do_paras(fp, sections->para, NULL, TRUE);
    xhtml_do_sections(fp, sections->child);
    sections = sections->next;
  }
}

/* Write this list of paragraphs. Close off all lists at the end. */
static void xhtml_do_paras(FILE *fp, paragraph *p, paragraph *end,
			   int indexable)
{
  int last_type = -1, ptype, first=TRUE;
  stack lcont_stack = stk_new();
  if (!p)
    return;

/*  for (; p && (xhtml_para_level(p)>limit || xhtml_para_level(p)==-1 || first); p=p->next) {*/
  for (; p && p != end && (xhtml_para_level(p)==-1 || first); p=p->next) {
    first=FALSE;
    switch (ptype = p->type)
    {
      /*
       * Things we ignore because we've already processed them or
       * aren't going to touch them in this pass.
       */
     case para_IM:
     case para_BR:
     case para_Biblio:		       /* only touch BiblioCited */
     case para_VersionID:
     case para_NoCite:
     case para_Title:
       break;

       /*
        * Chapter titles.
        */
      case para_Chapter:
      case para_Appendix:
      case para_UnnumberedChapter:
        xhtml_heading(fp, p, indexable);
        break;

      case para_Heading:
      case para_Subsect:
        xhtml_heading(fp, p, indexable);
        break;

      case para_Rule:
        fprintf(fp, "\n<hr />\n");
        break;

      case para_Normal:
      case para_Copyright:
        fprintf(fp, "\n<p>");
        xhtml_para(fp, p->words, indexable);
        fprintf(fp, "</p>\n");
        break;

      case para_LcontPush:
	{
	    int *p;
	    p = mknew(int);
	    *p = last_type;
	    stk_push(lcont_stack, p);
	    last_type = para_Normal;
	}
	break;
      case para_LcontPop:
	{
	    int *p = stk_pop(lcont_stack);
	    assert(p);
	    ptype = last_type = *p;
	    sfree(p);
	    goto closeofflist;	       /* ick */
	}
	break;
      case para_QuotePush:
	fprintf(fp, "<blockquote>\n");
	break;
      case para_QuotePop:
	fprintf(fp, "</blockquote>\n");
	break;

      case para_Bullet:
      case para_NumberedList:
      case para_Description:
      case para_DescribedThing:
      case para_BiblioCited:
        if (last_type!=p->type &&
	    !(last_type==para_DescribedThing && p->type==para_Description) &&
	    !(last_type==para_Description && p->type==para_DescribedThing)) {
          /* start up list if necessary */
          if (p->type == para_Bullet) {
            fprintf(fp, "<ul>\n");
          } else if (p->type == para_NumberedList) {
            fprintf(fp, "<ol>\n");
          } else if (p->type == para_BiblioCited ||
		     p->type == para_DescribedThing ||
		     p->type == para_Description) {
            fprintf(fp, "<dl>\n");
          }
        }
        if (p->type == para_Bullet || p->type == para_NumberedList) {
          fprintf(fp, "<li>");
	} else if (p->type == para_DescribedThing) {
          fprintf(fp, "<dt>");
	} else if (p->type == para_Description) {
          fprintf(fp, "<dd>");
	} else if (p->type == para_BiblioCited) {
          fprintf(fp, "<dt>");
          xhtml_para(fp, p->kwtext, indexable);
          fprintf(fp, "</dt>\n<dd>");
        }
        xhtml_para(fp, p->words, indexable);
	{
          paragraph *p2 = p->next;
          if (p2 && xhtml_para_level(p2)==-1 && p2->type == para_LcontPush)
	    break;
	}

	closeofflist:
        if (ptype == para_BiblioCited) {
          fprintf(fp, "</dd>\n");
	} else if (ptype == para_DescribedThing) {
          fprintf(fp, "</dt>");
	} else if (ptype == para_Description) {
          fprintf(fp, "</dd>");
        } else if (ptype == para_Bullet || ptype == para_NumberedList) {
          fprintf(fp, "</li>");
        }
        if (ptype == para_Bullet || ptype == para_NumberedList ||
	    ptype == para_BiblioCited || ptype == para_Description ||
	    ptype == para_DescribedThing)
          /* close off list if necessary */
        {
          paragraph *p2 = p->next;
          int close_off=FALSE;
/*          if (p2 && (xhtml_para_level(p2)>limit || xhtml_para_level(p2)==-1)) {*/
          if (p2 && xhtml_para_level(p2)==-1) {
            if (p2->type != ptype &&
		!(p2->type==para_DescribedThing && ptype==para_Description) &&
		!(p2->type==para_Description && ptype==para_DescribedThing) &&
		p2->type != para_LcontPush)
              close_off=TRUE;
          } else {
            close_off=TRUE;
          }
          if (close_off) {
            if (ptype == para_Bullet) {
              fprintf(fp, "</ul>\n");
            } else if (ptype == para_NumberedList) {
              fprintf(fp, "</ol>\n");
            } else if (ptype == para_BiblioCited ||
		       ptype == para_Description ||
		       ptype == para_DescribedThing) {
              fprintf(fp, "</dl>\n");
            }
          }
        }
        break;

      case para_Code:
        xhtml_codepara(fp, p->words);
        break;
    }
    last_type = ptype;
  }

  stk_free(lcont_stack);
}

/*
 * Output a header for this XHTML file.
 */
static void xhtml_doheader(FILE *fp, word *title)
{
  fprintf(fp, "<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN\"\n");
  fprintf(fp, "\"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd\">\n");
  fprintf(fp, "<html xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>\n\n<head>\n<title>");
  if (title==NULL)
    fprintf(fp, "The thing with no name!");
  else
    xhtml_para(fp, title, FALSE);
  fprintf(fp, "</title>\n");
  fprintf(fp, "<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"Halibut %s xhtml-backend\" />\n", version);
  if (conf.author)
    fprintf(fp, "<meta name=\"author\" content=\"%ls\" />\n", conf.author);
  if (conf.description)
    fprintf(fp, "<meta name=\"description\" content=\"%ls\" />\n", conf.description);
  if (conf.head_end)
    fprintf(fp, "%ls\n", conf.head_end);
  fprintf(fp, "</head>\n\n");
  if (conf.body)
    fprintf(fp, "%ls\n", conf.body);
  else
    fprintf(fp, "<body>\n");
  if (conf.body_start)
    fprintf(fp, "%ls\n", conf.body_start);
}

/*
 * Output a footer for this XHTML file.
 */
static void xhtml_dofooter(FILE *fp)
{
  fprintf(fp, "\n<hr />\n\n");
  if (conf.body_end)
    fprintf(fp, "%ls\n", conf.body_end);
  if (!conf.suppress_address) {
    fprintf(fp,"<address>\n");
    if (conf.address_start)
      fprintf(fp, "%ls\n", conf.address_start);
    /* Do the version ID */
    if (conf.include_version_id) {
      paragraph *p;
      int started = 0;
      for (p = sourceparas; p; p = p->next)
	if (p->type == para_VersionID) {
	  xhtml_versionid(fp, p->words, started);
	  started = 1;
	}
    }
    if (conf.address_end)
      fprintf(fp, "%ls\n", conf.address_end);
    fprintf(fp, "</address>\n");
  }
  fprintf(fp, "</body>\n\n</html>\n");
}

/*
 * Output the versionid paragraph. Typically this is a version control
 * ID string (such as $Id...$ in RCS).
 */
static void xhtml_versionid(FILE *fp, word *text, int started)
{
  rdstringc t = { 0, 0, NULL };

  rdaddc(&t, '[');		       /* FIXME: configurability */
  xhtml_rdaddwc(&t, text, NULL, FALSE);
  rdaddc(&t, ']');		       /* FIXME: configurability */

  if (started)
    fprintf(fp, "<br />\n");
  fprintf(fp, "%s\n", t.text);
  sfree(t.text);
}

/* Is this an XHTML reserved character? */
static int xhtml_reservedchar(int c)
{
  if (c=='&' || c=='<' || c=='>' || c=='"')
    return TRUE;
  else
    return FALSE;
}

/*
 * Convert a wide string into valid XHTML: Anything outside ASCII will
 * be fixed up as an entity. Currently we don't worry about constraining the
 * encoded character set, which we should probably do at some point (we can
 * still fix up and return FALSE - see the last comment here). We also don't
 * currently
 *
 * Because this is only used for words, spaces are HARD spaces (any other
 * spaces will be word_Whitespace not word_Normal). So they become &nbsp;
 * Unless hard_spaces is FALSE, of course (code paragraphs break the above
 * rule).
 *
 * If `result' is non-NULL, mallocs the resulting string and stores a pointer to
 * it in `*result'. If `result' is NULL, merely checks whether all
 * characters in the string are feasible.
 *
 * Return is nonzero if all characters are OK. If not all
 * characters are OK but `result' is non-NULL, a result _will_
 * still be generated!
 */
static int xhtml_convert(wchar_t *s, int maxlen, char **result,
			 int hard_spaces) {
    int doing = (result != 0);
    int ok = TRUE;
    char *p = NULL;
    int plen = 0, psize = 0;

    if (maxlen <= 0)
	maxlen = -1;

    for (; *s && maxlen != 0; s++, maxlen--) {
	wchar_t c = *s;

#define ensure_size(i) if (i>=psize) { psize = i+256; p = resize(p, psize); }

	if (((c == 32 && !hard_spaces) || (c > 32 && c <= 126 && !xhtml_reservedchar(c)))) {
	    /* Char is OK. */
	    if (doing)
	    {
	      ensure_size(plen);
	      p[plen++] = (char)c;
	    }
	} else {
	    /* Char needs fixing up. */
	    /* ok = FALSE; -- currently we never return FALSE; we
	     * might want to when considering a character set for the
	     * encoded document.
	     */
	    if (doing)
	    {
	      if (c==32) { /* a space in a word is a hard space */
		ensure_size(plen+6); /* includes space for the NUL, which is subsequently stomped on */
		sprintf(p+plen, "&nbsp;");
		plen+=6;
	      } else {
		/* FIXME: entity names! */
		ensure_size(plen+8); /* includes space for the NUL, which is subsequently stomped on */
		plen+=sprintf(p+plen, "&#%04i;", (int)c);
	      }
	    }
	}
    }
    if (doing) {
	p = resize(p, plen+1);
	p[plen] = '\0';
	*result = p;
    }
    return ok;
}

/*
 * This formats the given words as XHTML.
 * 
 * `indexable', if FALSE, prohibits adding any index references.
 * You might use this, for example, if an index reference occurred
 * in a section title, to prevent phony index references when the
 * section title is processed in strange places such as contents
 * sections.
 */
static void xhtml_rdaddwc(rdstringc *rs, word *text, word *end, int indexable) {
    char *c;
    keyword *kwl;
    xhtmlsection *sect;
    indextag *itag;
    int ti;

    for (; text && text != end; text = text->next) {
      switch (text->type) {
      case word_HyperLink:
	xhtml_utostr(text->text, &c);
        rdaddsc(rs, "<a href=\"");
        rdaddsc(rs, c);
        rdaddsc(rs, "\">");
        sfree(c);
        break;

      case word_UpperXref:
      case word_LowerXref:
        kwl = kw_lookup(keywords, text->text);
	if (kwl) {
	  sect=xhtml_find_section(kwl->para);
	  if (sect) {
	    rdaddsc(rs, "<a href=\"");
	    rdaddsc(rs, sect->file->filename);
	    rdaddc(rs, '#');
	    rdaddsc(rs, sect->fragment);
	    rdaddsc(rs, "\">");
	  } else {
	    rdaddsc(rs, "<a href=\"Apologies.html\"><!-- probably a bibliography cross reference -->");
	    error(err_whatever, "Couldn't locate cross-reference! (Probably a bibliography entry.)");
	  }
        } else {
	  rdaddsc(rs, "<a href=\"Apologies.html\"><!-- unknown cross-reference -->");
	  error(err_whatever, "Couldn't locate cross-reference! (Wasn't in source file.)");
	}
        break;

      case word_IndexRef: /* in theory we could make an index target here */
/*        rdaddsc(rs, "<a name=\"idx-");
        xhtml_utostr(text->text, &c);
        rdaddsc(rs, c);
        sfree(c);
        rdaddsc(rs, "\"></a>");*/
	/* what we _do_ need to do is to fix up the backend data
	 * for any indexentry this points to.
	 */
	if (!indexable)
	  break;

	for (ti=0; (itag = (indextag *)index234(idx->tags, ti))!=NULL; ti++) {
	  /* FIXME: really ustricmp() and not ustrcmp()? */
	  if (ustricmp(itag->name, text->text)==0) {
	    break;
	  }
	}
	if (itag!=NULL) {
	  if (itag->refs!=NULL) {
	    int i;
	    for (i=0; i<itag->nrefs; i++) {
	      xhtmlindex *idx_ref;
	      indexentry *ientry;

	      ientry = itag->refs[i];
	      if (ientry->backend_data==NULL) {
		idx_ref = (xhtmlindex*) smalloc(sizeof(xhtmlindex));
		if (idx_ref==NULL)
		  fatal(err_nomemory);
		idx_ref->nsection = 0;
		idx_ref->size = 4;
		idx_ref->sections = (xhtmlsection**) smalloc(idx_ref->size * sizeof(xhtmlsection*));
		if (idx_ref->sections==NULL)
		  fatal(err_nomemory);
		ientry->backend_data = idx_ref;
	      } else {
		idx_ref = ientry->backend_data;
		if (idx_ref->nsection+1 > idx_ref->size) {
		  int new_size = idx_ref->size * 2;
		  idx_ref->sections = srealloc(idx_ref->sections, new_size * sizeof(xhtmlsection));
		  if (idx_ref->sections==NULL) {
		    fatal(err_nomemory);
		  }
		  idx_ref->size = new_size;
		}
	      }
	      idx_ref->sections[idx_ref->nsection++] = currentsection;
#if 0
#endif
	    }
	  } else {
	    fatal(err_whatever, "Index tag had no entries!");
	  }
	} else {
	  fprintf(stderr, "Looking for index entry '%ls'\n", text->text);
	  fatal(err_whatever, "Couldn't locate index entry! (Wasn't in index.)");
	}
	break;

      case word_HyperEnd:
      case word_XrefEnd:
        rdaddsc(rs, "</a>");
	break;

      case word_Normal:
      case word_Emph:
      case word_Code:
      case word_WeakCode:
      case word_WhiteSpace:
      case word_EmphSpace:
      case word_CodeSpace:
      case word_WkCodeSpace:
      case word_Quote:
      case word_EmphQuote:
      case word_CodeQuote:
      case word_WkCodeQuote:
	assert(text->type != word_CodeQuote &&
	       text->type != word_WkCodeQuote);
	if (towordstyle(text->type) == word_Emph &&
	    (attraux(text->aux) == attr_First ||
	     attraux(text->aux) == attr_Only))
	    rdaddsc(rs, "<em>");
	else if ((towordstyle(text->type) == word_Code || towordstyle(text->type) == word_WeakCode) &&
		 (attraux(text->aux) == attr_First ||
		  attraux(text->aux) == attr_Only))
	    rdaddsc(rs, "<code>");

	if (removeattr(text->type) == word_Normal) {
	  if (xhtml_convert(text->text, 0, &c, TRUE)) /* spaces in the word are hard */
	    rdaddsc(rs, c);
	  else
	    xhtml_rdaddwc(rs, text->alt, NULL, indexable);
	  sfree(c);
	} else if (removeattr(text->type) == word_WhiteSpace) {
	  rdaddc(rs, ' ');
	} else if (removeattr(text->type) == word_Quote) {
	  rdaddsc(rs, "&quot;");
	}

	if (towordstyle(text->type) == word_Emph &&
	    (attraux(text->aux) == attr_Last ||
	     attraux(text->aux) == attr_Only))
	    rdaddsc(rs, "</em>");
	else if ((towordstyle(text->type) == word_Code || towordstyle(text->type) == word_WeakCode) &&
		 (attraux(text->aux) == attr_Last ||
		  attraux(text->aux) == attr_Only))
	    rdaddsc(rs, "</code>");
	break;
      }
    }
}

/* Output a heading, formatted as XHTML.
 */
static void xhtml_heading(FILE *fp, paragraph *p, int indexable)
{
    rdstringc t = { 0, 0, NULL };
    word *tprefix = p->kwtext;
    word *nprefix = p->kwtext2;
    word *text = p->words;
    int level = xhtml_para_level(p);
    xhtmlsection *sect = xhtml_find_section(p);
    xhtmlheadfmt *fmt;
    char *fragment;
    if (sect) {
      fragment = sect->fragment;
    } else {
      if (p->type == para_Title)
	fragment = "title";
      else {
	fragment = ""; /* FIXME: what else can we do? */
	error(err_whatever, "Couldn't locate heading cross-reference!");
      }
    }

    if (p->type == para_Title)
	fmt = NULL;
    else if (level == 1)
	fmt = &conf.fchapter;
    else if (level-1 < conf.nfsect)
	fmt = &conf.fsect[level-1];
    else
	fmt = &conf.fsect[conf.nfsect-1];

    if (fmt && fmt->just_numbers && nprefix) {
	xhtml_rdaddwc(&t, nprefix, NULL, indexable);
	if (fmt) {
	    char *c;
	    if (xhtml_convert(fmt->number_suffix, 0, &c, FALSE)) {
		rdaddsc(&t, c);
		sfree(c);
	    }
	}
    } else if (fmt && !fmt->just_numbers && tprefix) {
	xhtml_rdaddwc(&t, tprefix, NULL, indexable);
	if (fmt) {
	    char *c;
	    if (xhtml_convert(fmt->number_suffix, 0, &c, FALSE)) {
		rdaddsc(&t, c);
		sfree(c);
	    }
	}
    }
    xhtml_rdaddwc(&t, text, NULL, indexable);
    /*
     * If we're outputting in single-file mode, we need to lower
     * the level of each heading by one, because the overall
     * document title will be sitting right at the top as an <h1>
     * and so chapters and sections should start at <h2>.
     * 
     * Even if not, the document title will come back from
     * xhtml_para_level() as level zero, so we must increment that
     * no matter what leaf_level is set to.
     */
    if (conf.leaf_level == 0 || level == 0)
	level++;
    fprintf(fp, "<a name=\"%s\"></a><h%i>%s</h%i>\n", fragment, level, t.text, level);
    sfree(t.text);
}

/* Output a paragraph. Styles are handled by xhtml_rdaddwc().
 * This looks pretty simple; I may have missed something ...
 */
static void xhtml_para(FILE *fp, word *text, int indexable)
{
  rdstringc out = { 0, 0, NULL };
  xhtml_rdaddwc(&out, text, NULL, indexable);
  fprintf(fp, "%s", out.text);
  sfree(out.text);
}

/* Output a code paragraph. I'm treating this as preformatted, which
 * may not be entirely correct. See xhtml_para() for my worries about
 * this being overly-simple; however I think that most of the complexity
 * of the text backend came entirely out of word wrapping anyway.
 */
static void xhtml_codepara(FILE *fp, word *text)
{
  fprintf(fp, "<pre>");
    for (; text; text = text->next) if (text->type == word_WeakCode) {
	word *here, *next;
	char *c;

	/*
	 * See if this WeakCode is followed by an Emph to indicate
	 * emphasis.
	 */
	here = text;
	if (text->next && text->next->type == word_Emph) {
	    next = text = text->next;
	} else
	    next = NULL;

	if (next) {
	    wchar_t *t, *e;
	    int n;

	    t = here->text;
	    e = next->text;

	    while (*e) {
		int ec = *e;

		for (n = 0; t[n] && e[n] && e[n] == ec; n++);
		xhtml_convert(t, n, &c, FALSE);
		fprintf(fp, "%s%s%s",
			(ec == 'i' ? "<em>" : ec == 'b' ? "<b>" : ""),
			c,
			(ec == 'i' ? "</em>" : ec == 'b' ? "</b>" : ""));
		sfree(c);

		t += n;
		e += n;
	    }

	    xhtml_convert(t, 0, &c, FALSE);
	    fprintf(fp, "%s\n", c);
	    sfree(c);
	} else {
	    xhtml_convert(here->text, 0, &c, FALSE);
	    fprintf(fp, "%s\n", c);
	    sfree(c);
	}
    }
  fprintf(fp, "</pre>\n");
}