site: fix site name checking leaving room for expansion

site: fix site name checking leaving room for expansion

Previously, secnet would only check that the site names sent by the
peer had the expected site names as prefixes.  This would be a
security bug on a vpn where one site name is the prefix of another
site name.

In fact, if the peer sends a short name, secnet will suffer a buffer
read overrun and maybe crash - although this is exploitable only for
DoS at worst, and not as an information leak.

(With reasonable peers, it won't cause packets to be mishandled,
because the next field after each name string is a 16-byte integer
giving a name or public key byte count, which would have to contain a
value greater than 8000 to look like printable characters.)

Fix this bug.

However, we use this as an opportunity to provide some space (in the
signed part of MSG2..4) for future extensions.  (At present there is
nothing in the parts of MSG3 and MSG4 covered by the signature which
is not supposedly entirely fixed - apart from the amount of
zero-padding at the MS end of our DH public exponent.  This is bad
because it provides no way to do transport protocol upgrade/downgrade
negotiation without leaving open a protocol version downgrade attack.)

After this change the name fields in MSG2..4 are, following the 16-bit
length, either just the characters of the name, or the name, followed
by a nul byte, followed by zero or more bytes of additional data.

Additional data beyond what the receiver expects (which currently
means any additional data), is to be ignored.

Let us work through some examples.  Suppose the expected site name is
"expected".  Here are the behaviours in relation to various names
being transmitted in the packet.  (This applies both to the local
name, and to the remote name; "rejected" means other instances of the
protocol engine get a go, and perhaps the instance with the correct
names will accept the message.)
  MSG    Sent name          Old secnet           New secnet
  1      expected           ok                   ok
  1      expected\0extra    rejected             rejected
  1      expected/suffix    rejected             rejected
  1      expect             rejected             rejected
  2-4    expected           ok                   ok
  2-4    expected\0extra    ok, extra ignored    ok, extra data
  2-4    expected/suffix    wrongly accepted     rejected
  2-4    expect             read overrun         rejected

We will do the same for MSG1 in a later commit.

Signed-off-by: Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>