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fac14bbe MW |
1 | <HTML> |
2 | <HEAD><TITLE> | |
3 | Mup Text Marks | |
4 | </TITLE></HEAD> | |
5 | <BODY> | |
6 | <P> | |
7 | <A HREF="stuff.html"><-- previous page</A> | |
8 | ||
9 | <A HREF="index.html">Table of Contents</A> <A HREF="mussym.html">next page --></A> | |
10 | </P> | |
11 | ||
12 | <H2> | |
13 | Text | |
14 | </H2> | |
15 | <P> | |
16 | The four forms of Mup text statements | |
17 | (rom, bold, ital, and boldital) operate identically except for the font | |
18 | which is used. | |
19 | </P> | |
20 | <P> | |
21 | The text statements can have several additional qualifiers. The first is a | |
22 | fontfamily, given before the font. It can have any of the values of | |
23 | <A HREF="param.html#fontfam">the "fontfamily" parameter</A> | |
24 | (avantgarde, bookman, courier, helvetica, | |
25 | newcentury, palatino, or times), with the default being the value of | |
26 | the "fontfamily" parameter. | |
27 | </P> | |
28 | <P> | |
29 | The next optional qualifier is a | |
30 | point size, given in parentheses after the font type of rom, bold, etc. | |
31 | If this is omitted, the size is obtained from | |
32 | <A HREF="param.html#size">the "size" parameter</A> | |
33 | for the given staff, or for the score if the staff is specified by "all." | |
34 | </P> | |
35 | <H3> | |
36 | Chord, analysis, figured bass, and dynamics | |
37 | </H3> | |
38 | <P> | |
39 | <A NAME="chordmod">The final optional qualifier specifies special treatment of the text.</A> | |
40 | The qualifier can be "chord", "analysis", "figbass", or "dyn". | |
41 | The "chord" modifier is typically used for marking chords that might be | |
42 | played by a guitar or other instrument. The "analysis" modifier is | |
43 | typically used when marking harmonic analysis like "IV" or "vii". | |
44 | The "figbass" modifier is for figured bass notation. | |
45 | For all three, distance from the staff is affected by | |
46 | <A HREF="param.html#chdist">the "chorddist" parameter.</A> | |
47 | The "dyn" modifier is to mark the text as something that specifies | |
48 | dynamics. Mup only uses it when deciding where to place the text; | |
49 | something marked "dyn" will be treated like crescendo | |
50 | and decrescendo "hairpins." | |
51 | The default <I>place</I> for chord and dyn is above, whereas the default | |
52 | for the others is below. | |
53 | </P> | |
54 | <P> | |
55 | The text strings used with these chord, analysis, or figbass modifiers can | |
56 | contain any characters, but | |
57 | characters that indicate accidentals ("#", "&", "x", "&&", and "n") | |
58 | are translated to the appropriate music character, while "o", "o/", | |
59 | and "^" are translated to "\(dim)", "\(halfdim)", and "\(triangle)" | |
60 | respectively. However, with "chord," the | |
61 | translation of "n" to natural sign is not done, so you have to | |
62 | use \(nat) if you want a natural sign. This is because a literal letter n | |
63 | tends to occur more often in chords than natural signs. | |
64 | </P> | |
65 | <P> | |
66 | If you want to turn off the translation, to treat one of these characters | |
67 | literally, you can precede it with two backslashes. | |
68 | Thus, for example, "\\&" would yield a literal ampersand rather than | |
69 | a flat symbol. | |
70 | </P> | |
71 | <P> | |
72 | If the | |
73 | <A HREF="param.html#xpose">transpose</A> | |
74 | or | |
75 | <A HREF="param.html#addxpose">addtranspose</A> | |
76 | parameters are set, chords are transposed to match the new key: | |
77 | the letters "A" through "G" | |
78 | and any following accidentals will be transposed appropriately. | |
79 | The accidental can be either something like "#" or "&" or any of the special | |
80 | <A HREF="textstr.html#symlist">music characters</A> | |
81 | for accidentals (\(sharp), \(flat), etc.). | |
82 | If the staff is specified as "all," the score transposition value is used. | |
83 | Transposition has no effect on analysis or figbass. | |
84 | </P> | |
85 | <P> | |
86 | In figbass, the string starts out in piled mode, which means that | |
87 | each space in the input string will cause a new line on output, and, | |
88 | unless you specify other alignment, each line will be aligned on | |
89 | the last digit in the line. Also, the meanings of | |
90 | / and \/ are reversed from the normal meaning. This is done since | |
91 | drawing a slash through a number is very common in | |
92 | figured bass, so you can just use a / to indicate this, | |
93 | but if you really want a real slash, | |
94 | you can still get one by entering \/. | |
95 | </P> | |
96 | <P> | |
97 | With all three special qualifiers, the usual meanings | |
98 | of : and \: are reversed. This is | |
99 | because piling is very common in these strings, so it's handier to just | |
100 | put a : to indicate this, and for those rare cases when you want a | |
101 | literal colon, you can still get one by entering a \:. | |
102 | </P> | |
103 | <P> | |
104 | Here is an example showing chord, analysis, and figbass: | |
105 | <BR><PRE> | |
106 | 1: egc+;dgb;dfa;dgb; | |
107 | bold chord above 1: 1 "C"; 2 "G"; 3 "Dm"; 4 "G"; | |
108 | rom analysis below 1: 1 "I"; 2 "V"; 3 "ii"; 4 "V"; | |
109 | bar | |
110 | ||
111 | 1: egc+;dgb;df#a;dgb; | |
112 | rom figbass below 1: 1 "6 3"; 2 "6 4"; 3 "3/"; 4 "6 4"; | |
113 | bar | |
114 | ||
115 | 1: 1cegb; | |
116 | rom chord above 1: 1 "C^7"; | |
117 | bar | |
118 | 1: 1ce&g&b&; | |
119 | rom chord above 1: 1 "Co/"; | |
120 | bar | |
121 | 1: 1ce&g&b&&; | |
122 | rom chord above 1: 1 "Co:7"; | |
123 | bar | |
124 | 1: 1e&g&b&; | |
125 | rom chord above 1: 1 "E&m"; | |
126 | bar | |
127 | </PRE><BR> | |
128 | <IMG SRC="mugex69.gif" ALT="Picture of Mup output"><BR> | |
129 | </P> | |
130 | <P> | |
131 | If a music symbol occurs inside an ital or boldital string, | |
132 | <A NAME="italmus">the music symbol will automatically be made italics,</A> | |
133 | to match the rest of the string. | |
134 | </P> | |
135 | <P> | |
136 | It is possible to supply a duration on text statements. When this is done, | |
137 | Mup will draw a dashed line from the end of the text to the | |
138 | end of the duration. | |
139 | This may be useful if you want to indicate how long | |
140 | an action such as an accelerando or crescendo is to last. | |
141 | If the last character of the string is a "~", | |
142 | a wavy line will be drawn instead of a dashed line. | |
143 | If the last character of the string is an underscore, an underscore | |
144 | line will be drawn. | |
145 | </P> | |
146 | <P> | |
147 | Here are some examples of text: | |
148 | <BR><PRE> | |
149 | 1: e;g;b;d+; | |
150 | 2: 2e;b-; | |
151 | rom (12) above 1: 0 "Andante ( \(smup4n) = 88 )"; | |
152 | boldital (12) below 1: 1 "mf"; 3.5 "mp"; | |
153 | newcentury bold (12) chord above 1: 1 "E&7"; 3 "B&9"; | |
154 | ital between 1&2: 2 "rit."; | |
155 | palatino ital below 2: 2 "cresc." til 1m+2; | |
156 | bar | |
157 | 1: 1egc+; | |
158 | 2: 1c; | |
159 | bold (12) chord above 1: 1 "Cm"; | |
160 | bar | |
161 | </PRE><BR> | |
162 | <IMG SRC="mugex70.gif" ALT="Picture of Mup output"><BR> | |
163 | </P> | |
164 | <H2> | |
165 | Grids | |
166 | </H2> | |
167 | <P> | |
168 | <A NAME="grids">If the</A> | |
169 | <A HREF="param.html#gridused">gridswhereused parameter</A> | |
170 | is set to "y" chords will also have a grid printed. | |
171 | For this to work, a grid with the same name as the chord must be | |
172 | defined in "grids" context elsewhere in the input file. | |
173 | </P> | |
174 | <P> | |
175 | The grids context contains lines each consisting of two text strings. | |
176 | The first is the name of the chord, matching the name you want to | |
177 | use in printing text with the "chord" qualifier. The second describes | |
178 | the fret pattern for that chord. It is a space-separated list, with | |
179 | each list element being either a fret number from 1 to 99, which will result in | |
180 | a dot being printed at that fret, or an "o" or "x" | |
181 | which will result in a circle or x respectively being printed above the | |
182 | grid, or a "-" in which case no mark at all will be made. | |
183 | The fret pattern may also contain an open and closing | |
184 | parenthesis to mark where a curve is to be drawn, indicating the use | |
185 | of a single finger to span several strings. For example: | |
186 | <BR><PRE> | |
187 | score | |
188 | gridswhereused=y | |
189 | gridfret=3 | |
190 | grids | |
191 | "C" " - 3 2 o 1 o " | |
192 | "C5" " - 3 x o 1 3 " | |
193 | "Em" " o 2 2 o o o " | |
194 | "A&" "(4 6 6 5 4 4)" | |
195 | "A11" " - o o o o o " | |
196 | music | |
197 | ||
198 | rom chord 1: 1 "C"; 2 "C5"; 3 "Em"; | |
199 | 1: 2c;e; | |
200 | bar | |
201 | ||
202 | rom chord 1: 1 "A&"; 3 "A11"; | |
203 | 1: 2a&;an; | |
204 | bar | |
205 | </PRE><BR> | |
206 | <IMG SRC="mugex71.gif" ALT="Picture of Mup output"><BR> | |
207 | </P> | |
208 | <P> | |
209 | If | |
210 | <A HREF="param.html#xpose">transposition</A> | |
211 | is in effect, | |
212 | the chord names in the grids context have to match the transposed names. | |
213 | So, for example, if you use an "A" chord in a chord statement, then | |
214 | transpose the staff up a major second, Mup will look for and use the grid | |
215 | definition called "B" to match the transposed chord name. | |
216 | </P> | |
217 | <P> | |
218 | If you supply more than one grid definition for the same chord name, | |
219 | Mup uses the last one. This allows you to easily | |
220 | <A HREF="include.html">"include" a file</A> | |
221 | of standard chords, but override a few of them with a special fingering for a | |
222 | particular song. If you really want to use more than one fingering in | |
223 | different places in the same song for the same chord name, you need to make | |
224 | the names look different, so Mup will treat them as different chords. | |
225 | One way to do this would be to put a space and backspace in the name. | |
226 | So, for example, "Am" and "Am \b" would count as separate chords and could | |
227 | have different grid definitions, but the chord names would still look | |
228 | the same on output. | |
229 | </P> | |
230 | <HR><P> | |
231 | <A HREF="stuff.html"><-- previous page</A> <A HREF="index.html">Table of Contents</A> <A HREF="mussym.html">next page --></A> | |
232 | </P> | |
233 | </BODY></HTML> |