+#define COMMA ,
+
+/*----- String and character hacks ----------------------------------------*/
+
+#define CTYPE_HACK(func, ch) (func((unsigned char)(ch)))
+
+#define ISALNUM(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isalnum, ch)
+#define ISALPHA(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isalpha, ch)
+#define ISASCII(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isascii, ch)
+#define ISBLANK(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isblank, ch)
+#define ISCNTRL(ch) CTYPE_HACK(iscntrl, ch)
+#define ISDIGIT(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isdigit, ch)
+#define ISGRAPH(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isgraph, ch)
+#define ISLOWER(ch) CTYPE_HACK(islower, ch)
+#define ISPRINT(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isprint, ch)
+#define ISPUNCT(ch) CTYPE_HACK(ispunct, ch)
+#define ISSPACE(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isspace, ch)
+#define ISUPPER(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isupper, ch)
+#define ISXDIGIT(ch) CTYPE_HACK(isxdigit, ch)
+
+#define TOASCII(ch) CTYPE_HACK(toascii, ch)
+#define TOLOWER(ch) CTYPE_HACK(tolower, ch)
+#define TOUPPER(ch) CTYPE_HACK(toupper, ch)
+
+#define MEMCMP(x, op, y, n) (memcmp((x), (y), (n)) op 0)
+#define STRCMP(x, op, y) (strcmp((x), (y)) op 0)
+#define STRNCMP(x, op, y, n) (strncmp((x), (y), (n)) op 0)
+