[cfd] / gpl.tex

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\gpltoplevel{The GNU General Public License}


The following is the text of the GNU General Public License, under the terms
of which this software is distrubuted.

\vspace{12pt}

\begin{center}
\textbf{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE} \\
Version 2, June 1991
\end{center}

\begin{center}
Copyright \copyright\ 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. \\
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies \\
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
\end{center}


\gplsec{Preamble}

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended
to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software---to make sure
the software is free for all its users.  This General Public License applies
to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program
whose authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation
software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You
can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.  Our
General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom
to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you
wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you
can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that
you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to
deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.  These
restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute
copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or
for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have.  You
must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.  And you
must show them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2)
offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that
everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software.  If
the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its
recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any
problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors'
reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents.  We
wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will
individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program
proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be
licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification
follow.


\gplsec{Terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification}

\begin{enumerate}

\makeatletter \setcounter{\@listctr}{-1} \makeatother

\item [0.] This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
      notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
      under the terms of this General Public License.  The ``Program'',
      below, refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the
      Program'' means either the Program or any derivative work under
      copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
      portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
      into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without
      limitation in the term ``modification''.)  Each licensee is addressed
      as ``you''.

      Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
      covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
      running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
      is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
      (independent of having been made by running the Program).  Whether that
      is true depends on what the Program does.

\item [1.] You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
      source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
      conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
      copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
      notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
      and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
      along with the Program.

      You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
      you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

\item [2.] You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
      of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
      distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
      above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

      \begin{enumerate}

      \item [(a)] You must cause the modified files to carry prominent
            notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any
            change.

      \item [(b)] You must cause any work that you distribute or publish,
            that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program
            or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to
            all third parties under the terms of this License.

      \item [(c)] If the modified program normally reads commands
            interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running
            for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or
            display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice
            and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
            provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program
            under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy
            of this License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is
            interactive but does not normally print such an announcement,
            your work based on the Program is not required to print an
            announcement.)

      \end{enumerate}

      These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
      identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
      and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
      themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
      sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
      distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
      on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
      this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
      entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
      it.

      Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
      your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
      exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
      collective works based on the Program.

      In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
      with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a
      storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the
      scope of this License.

\item [3.] You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
      under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
      Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

      \begin{enumerate}

      \item [(a)] Accompany it with the complete corresponding
            machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the
            terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
            software interchange; or,

      \item [(b)] Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
            years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
            cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
            machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
            distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
            customarily used for software interchange; or,

      \item [(c)] Accompany it with the information you received as to the
            offer to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative
            is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
            received the program in object code or executable form with such
            an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

      \end{enumerate}

      The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
      making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
      code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
      associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control
      compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a special
      exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that
      is normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the
      major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system
      on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies
      the executable.

      If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access
      to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to
      copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the
      source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the
      source along with the object code.

\item [4.] You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
      except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt otherwise
      to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will
      automatically terminate your rights under this License.  However,
      parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
      License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties
      remain in full compliance.

\item [5.] You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
      signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
      distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
      prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
      modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
      Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
      all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the
      Program or works based on it.

\item [6.] Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
      Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
      original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
      these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
      restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
      You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
      this License.

\item [7.] If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
      infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
      conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
      otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
      excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
      distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
      License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
      may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
      license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
      all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
      the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
      refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

      If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
      any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
      apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
      circumstances.

      It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
      patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
      such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
      integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
      implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
      generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
      through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
      system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
      to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
      impose that choice.

      This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
      be a consequence of the rest of this License.

\item [8.] If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
      certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
      original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may
      add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those
      countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries
      not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates the
      limitation as if written in the body of this License.

\item [9.] The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
      versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new
      versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
      differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

      Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
      specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
      ``any later version'', you have the option of following the terms and
      conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
      the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a
      version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
      published by the Free Software Foundation.

\item [10.] If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
      programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
      author to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the
      Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
      sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the
      two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free
      software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

\begin{center}
NO WARRANTY
\end{center}

\bfseries

\item [11.] Because the Program is licensed free of charge, there is no
      warranty for the Program, to the extent permitted by applicable law.
      except when otherwise stated in writing the copyright holders and/or
      other parties provide the program ``as is'' without warranty of any
      kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the
      implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
      purpose.  The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the
      Program is with you.  Should the Program prove defective, you assume
      the cost of all necessary servicing, repair or correction.

\item [12.] In no event unless required by applicable law or agreed to in
      writing will any copyright holder, or any other party who may modify
      and/or redistribute the program as permitted above, be liable to you
      for damages, including any general, special, incidental or
      consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the
      program (including but not limited to loss of data or data being
      rendered inaccurate or losses sustained by you or third parties or a
      failure of the Program to operate with any other programs), even if
      such holder or other party has been advised of the possibility of such
      damages.

\end{enumerate}

\begin{center}
\textbf{END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS}
\end{center}


\gplsec{Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs}

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible
use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software
which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to
attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the
exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the ``copyright''
line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

\begin{verbatim}
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) 19yy  <name of author>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
\end{verbatim}

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when
it starts in an interactive mode:

\begin{verbatim}
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type
`show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
\end{verbatim}

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may be
called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

\begin{verbatim}
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
\end{verbatim}

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public
License instead of this License.

\gplend