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1 | GPL vs LGPL, in the context of adns |
2 | ----------------------------------- |
3 | |
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4 | Several people have asked me to release GNU adns under the GNU Lesser |
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5 | General Public Licence (LGPL, formerly the Library GPL) instead of the |
6 | `stronger' GPL. This file is intended to answer most of these |
7 | questions. If you still have questions or comments, please mail me at |
8 | <adns-maint@chiark.greenend.org.uk>. |
9 | |
10 | Typically there are two or three kinds of situation where people make |
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11 | this request: the first is where another free software project |
12 | currently using a GPL-incompatible licence, wishes to use adns. The |
13 | second case, which often overlaps with the first, is where a free |
14 | software project is currently using an MIT-like licence or the LGPL |
15 | and fear `GPL infection'. The third case is where someone is |
16 | developing a proprietary program and wishes to make use of adns but |
17 | doesn't wish to make their program free software |
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18 | |
19 | |
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20 | 1. GPL-incompatible free software licences |
21 | ------------------------------------------ |
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22 | |
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23 | Regrettably, there are a number of free software licences (and |
24 | semi-free licences) in existence which are not compatible with the |
25 | GPL. That is, they impose restrictions which are not present in the |
26 | GPL, and therefore distributing a whole work which contains both such |
27 | a program and a GPL'd program is not possible: either the combination |
28 | would have to be distributed under the GPL (violating the restrictions |
29 | made by the original author), or under the GPL-incompatible licence |
30 | (violating the GPL). |
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31 | |
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32 | I may be prepared to make exceptions for such a licence. Please |
33 | contact me at <adns-maint@chiark.greenend.org.uk> with the full text |
34 | of the GPL-incompatible licence. However, I would usually prefer it |
35 | if you could use a GPL-compatible licence for your project instead. |
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36 | |
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37 | I have already issued some waivers for certain projects. These are |
38 | reproduced in LICENCE.WAIVERS. |
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39 | |
40 | |
41 | 2. GPL-avoiding projects (MIT licence, et al) |
42 | --------------------------------------------- |
43 | |
44 | Some free software projects prefer to avoid the GPL and other licences |
45 | which force the software always to be free. Instead they use |
46 | something like the MIT X licence, which allows proprietary versions of |
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47 | their software, or the in the case of some free libraries, the LGPL, |
48 | which allows proprietary applications. I have to say that I think |
49 | these people are misguided, but that doesn't mean that they don't have |
50 | a perfect right to do that. |
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51 | |
52 | Some of these people think that merely writing to an interface |
53 | provided by GPL'd software will cause their program to become GPL'd |
54 | too, even if they don't distribute the GPL'd software. I don't think |
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55 | this is the case. I'm perfectly happy for non-GPL'd but |
56 | GPL-compatible software to refer to adns in its source code. However, |
57 | I think that exectuables (or compiled libraries) which contain or are |
58 | dynamically linked against adns must be GPL'd; likewise executable |
59 | programs (whether compiled or in an interpreted language) which |
60 | require utilities from adns to function properly must be GPL'd. |
61 | |
62 | So, you can distribute your non-GPL'd program source which needs adns |
63 | to compile (provided it's under a GPL-compatible licence), but people |
64 | who wish to distribute binaries must do so under the terms of the GNU |
65 | GPL. This may make sense for some GPL-avoiding free software |
66 | projects; people can still make proprietary programs from your code, |
67 | provided that they make some provision to replace adns with something |
68 | whose copyright allows proprietary versions. |
69 | |
70 | However, this doesn't make much sense for the authors of LGPL'd |
71 | libraries. All I can say to them is to ask which is more important: |
72 | that their library be well-constructed and use all the best technology |
73 | available as free software, or whether it is worth degrading quality |
74 | of their library in order to allow proprietary programs to use it ! |
75 | |
76 | To help the case of LGPL'd libraries for which adns is not a vital |
77 | component - for example, a library which provides access to other |
78 | libraries so that programs which use it need only use certain parts, |
79 | I have released adns.h (just the public header file) under the LGPL as |
80 | well as the GPL. See the copyright notice in adns.h for details. |
81 | Note that this will not help you if it adns is essential to the |
82 | functioning of your library, because all programs using your library |
83 | must link against both your library and adns and so must be GPL'd. |
84 | |
85 | |
86 | For some information and views from the Free Software Foundation on |
87 | free software licensing, visit: |
88 | |
89 | Various licenses and comments about them |
90 | at http://www.fsf.org/philosophy/license-list.html |
91 | |
92 | Why you shouldn't use the Library GPL for your next library |
93 | at http://www.fsf.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html |
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94 | |
95 | |
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96 | 3. Proprietary applications of adns |
97 | ----------------------------------- |
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98 | |
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99 | This applies to you if you are writing a proprietary program, by which |
100 | I mean that you will not be distributing source code and not allowing |
101 | users to modify and share your software; most likely you are doing |
102 | this for your own (personal or corporate) financial gain. |
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103 | |
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104 | In this case the copyleft GPL licence does not meet your needs. |
105 | Instead, you will need to negotiate a separate proprietary licence for |
106 | adns. |
107 | |
108 | The List Price for a proprietary but LGPL-compatible application which |
109 | uses adns is EUR150,000 per program per 10,000 users or part thereof. |
110 | Discounts may be available, particularly if I approve of your product. |
111 | So, if you are serious about proprietary software, and paying for the |
112 | software that you use, please contact me to negotiate a good deal. |
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113 | |
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114 | |
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115 | -- Ian Jackson 22.5.2004 |
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116 | |
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117 | |
118 | Local variables: |
119 | mode: text |
120 | End: |