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1 | \define{versionidusing} \versionid $Id$ |
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2 | |
3 | \C{using} Using PuTTY |
4 | |
5 | This chapter provides a general introduction to some more advanced |
6 | features of PuTTY. For extreme detail and reference purposes, |
7 | \k{config} is likely to contain more information. |
8 | |
9 | \H{using-session} During your session |
10 | |
11 | A lot of PuTTY's complexity and features are in the configuration |
12 | panel. Once you have worked your way through that and started |
13 | a session, things should be reasonably simple after that. |
14 | Nevertheless, there are a few more useful features available. |
15 | |
16 | \S{using-selection} Copying and pasting text |
17 | |
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18 | \I{copy and paste}Often in a PuTTY session you will find text on |
19 | your terminal screen which you want to type in again. Like most |
20 | other terminal emulators, PuTTY allows you to copy and paste the |
21 | text rather than having to type it again. Also, copy and paste uses |
22 | the \I{Windows clipboard}Windows \i{clipboard}, so that you can |
23 | paste (for example) URLs into a web browser, or paste from a word |
24 | processor or spreadsheet into your terminal session. |
25 | |
26 | PuTTY's copy and paste works entirely with the \i{mouse}. In order |
27 | to copy text to the clipboard, you just click the \i{left mouse |
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28 | button} in the \i{terminal window}, and drag to \I{selecting text}select |
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29 | text. When you let go of the button, the text is \e{automatically} |
30 | copied to the clipboard. You do not need to press Ctrl-C or |
31 | Ctrl-Ins; in fact, if you do press Ctrl-C, PuTTY will send a Ctrl-C |
32 | character down your session to the server where it will probably |
33 | cause a process to be interrupted. |
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34 | |
35 | Pasting is done using the right button (or the middle mouse button, |
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36 | if you have a \i{three-button mouse} and have set it up; see |
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37 | \k{config-mouse}). (Pressing \i{Shift-Ins}, or selecting \q{Paste} |
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38 | from the \I{right mouse button, with Ctrl}Ctrl+right-click |
39 | \i{context menu}, have the same effect.) When |
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40 | you click the \i{right mouse button}, PuTTY will read whatever is in |
41 | the Windows clipboard and paste it into your session, \e{exactly} as |
42 | if it had been typed at the keyboard. (Therefore, be careful of |
43 | pasting formatted text into an editor that does automatic indenting; |
44 | you may find that the spaces pasted from the clipboard plus the |
45 | spaces added by the editor add up to too many spaces and ruin the |
46 | formatting. There is nothing PuTTY can do about this.) |
47 | |
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48 | If you \i{double-click} the left mouse button, PuTTY will |
49 | \I{selecting words}select a whole word. If you double-click, hold |
50 | down the second click, and drag the mouse, PuTTY will select a |
51 | sequence of whole words. (You can adjust precisely what PuTTY |
52 | considers to be part of a word; see \k{config-charclasses}.) |
53 | If you \e{triple}-click, or \i{triple-click} and drag, then |
54 | PuTTY will \I{selecting lines}select a whole line or sequence of lines. |
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55 | |
56 | If you want to select a \I{rectangular selection}rectangular region |
57 | instead of selecting to the end of each line, you can do this by |
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58 | holding down Alt when you make your selection. You can also |
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59 | configure rectangular selection to be the default, and then holding |
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60 | down Alt gives the normal behaviour instead: see |
61 | \k{config-rectselect} for details. |
62 | |
63 | (In some Unix environments, Alt+drag is intercepted by the window |
64 | manager. Shift+Alt+drag should work for rectangular selection as |
65 | well, so you could try that instead.) |
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66 | |
67 | If you have a \i{middle mouse button}, then you can use it to |
68 | \I{adjusting a selection}adjust an existing selection if you |
69 | selected something slightly wrong. (If you have configured the |
70 | middle mouse button to paste, then the right mouse button does this |
71 | instead.) Click the button on the screen, and you can pick up the |
72 | nearest end of the selection and drag it to somewhere else. |
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73 | |
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74 | It's possible for the server to ask to \I{mouse reporting}handle mouse |
75 | clicks in the PuTTY window itself. If this happens, the \i{mouse pointer} |
76 | will turn into an arrow, and using the mouse to copy and paste will only |
77 | work if you hold down Shift. See \k{config-features-mouse} and |
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78 | \k{config-mouseshift} for details of this feature and how to configure |
79 | it. |
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80 | |
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81 | \S{using-scrollback} \I{scrollback}Scrolling the screen back |
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82 | |
83 | PuTTY keeps track of text that has scrolled up off the top of the |
84 | terminal. So if something appears on the screen that you want to |
85 | read, but it scrolls too fast and it's gone by the time you try to |
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86 | look for it, you can use the \i{scrollbar} on the right side of the |
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87 | window to look back up the session \i{history} and find it again. |
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88 | |
89 | As well as using the scrollbar, you can also page the scrollback up |
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90 | and down by pressing \i{Shift-PgUp} and \i{Shift-PgDn}. You can |
91 | scroll a line at a time using \i{Ctrl-PgUp} and \i{Ctrl-PgDn}. These |
92 | are still available if you configure the scrollbar to be invisible. |
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93 | |
94 | By default the last 200 lines scrolled off the top are |
95 | preserved for you to look at. You can increase (or decrease) this |
96 | value using the configuration box; see \k{config-scrollback}. |
97 | |
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98 | \S{using-sysmenu} The \ii{System menu} |
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99 | |
100 | If you click the left mouse button on the icon in the top left |
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101 | corner of PuTTY's terminal window, or click the right mouse button |
102 | on the title bar, you will see the standard Windows system menu |
103 | containing items like Minimise, Move, Size and Close. |
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104 | |
105 | PuTTY's system menu contains extra program features in addition to |
106 | the Windows standard options. These extra menu commands are |
107 | described below. |
108 | |
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109 | (These options are also available in a \i{context menu} brought up |
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110 | by holding Ctrl and clicking with the right mouse button anywhere |
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111 | in the \i{PuTTY window}.) |
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112 | |
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113 | \S2{using-eventlog} The PuTTY \i{Event Log} |
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114 | |
115 | If you choose \q{Event Log} from the system menu, a small window |
116 | will pop up in which PuTTY logs significant events during the |
117 | connection. Most of the events in the log will probably take place |
118 | during session startup, but a few can occur at any point in the |
119 | session, and one or two occur right at the end. |
120 | |
121 | You can use the mouse to select one or more lines of the Event Log, |
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122 | and hit the Copy button to copy them to the \i{clipboard}. If you |
123 | are reporting a bug, it's often useful to paste the contents of the |
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124 | Event Log into your bug report. |
125 | |
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126 | \S2{using-specials} \ii{Special commands} |
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127 | |
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128 | Depending on the protocol used for the current session, there may be |
129 | a submenu of \q{special commands}. These are protocol-specific |
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130 | tokens, such as a \q{break} signal, that can be sent down a |
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131 | connection in addition to normal data. Their precise effect is usually |
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132 | up to the server. Currently only Telnet, SSH, and serial connections |
133 | have special commands. |
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134 | |
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135 | The \q{break} signal can also be invoked from the keyboard with |
136 | \i{Ctrl-Break}. |
137 | |
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138 | The following \I{Telnet special commands}special commands are |
139 | available in Telnet: |
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140 | |
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141 | \b \I{Are You There, Telnet special command}Are You There |
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142 | |
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143 | \b \I{Break, Telnet special command}Break |
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144 | |
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145 | \b \I{Synch, Telnet special command}Synch |
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146 | |
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147 | \b \I{Erase Character, Telnet special command}Erase Character |
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148 | |
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149 | \lcont{ |
150 | PuTTY can also be configured to send this when the Backspace key is |
151 | pressed; see \k{config-telnetkey}. |
152 | } |
153 | |
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154 | \b \I{Erase Line, Telnet special command}Erase Line |
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155 | |
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156 | \b \I{Go Ahead, Telnet special command}Go Ahead |
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157 | |
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158 | \b \I{No Operation, Telnet special command}No Operation |
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159 | |
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160 | \lcont{ |
161 | Should have no effect. |
162 | } |
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163 | |
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164 | \b \I{Abort Process, Telnet special command}Abort Process |
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165 | |
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166 | \b \I{Abort Output, Telnet special command}Abort Output |
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167 | |
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168 | \b \I{Interrupt Process, Telnet special command}Interrupt Process |
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169 | |
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170 | \lcont{ |
171 | PuTTY can also be configured to send this when Ctrl-C is typed; see |
172 | \k{config-telnetkey}. |
173 | } |
174 | |
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175 | \b \I{Suspend Process, Telnet special command}Suspend Process |
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176 | |
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177 | \lcont{ |
178 | PuTTY can also be configured to send this when Ctrl-Z is typed; see |
179 | \k{config-telnetkey}. |
180 | } |
181 | |
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182 | \b \I{End Of Record, Telnet special command}End Of Record |
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183 | |
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184 | \b \I{End Of File, Telnet special command}End Of File |
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185 | |
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186 | In an SSH connection, the following \I{SSH special commands}special |
187 | commands are available: |
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188 | |
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189 | \b \I{IGNORE message, SSH special command}\I{No-op, in SSH}\ii{IGNORE message} |
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190 | |
191 | \lcont{ |
192 | Should have no effect. |
193 | } |
194 | |
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195 | \b \I{Repeat key exchange, SSH special command}Repeat key exchange |
196 | |
197 | \lcont{ |
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198 | Only available in SSH-2. Forces a \i{repeat key exchange} immediately (and |
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199 | resets associated timers and counters). For more information about |
200 | repeat key exchanges, see \k{config-ssh-kex-rekey}. |
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201 | } |
202 | |
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203 | \b \I{Break, SSH special command}Break |
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204 | |
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205 | \lcont{ |
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206 | Only available in SSH-2, and only during a session. Optional |
207 | extension; may not be supported by server. PuTTY requests the server's |
208 | default break length. |
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209 | } |
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210 | |
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211 | \b \I{Signal, SSH special command}Signals (SIGINT, SIGTERM etc) |
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212 | |
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213 | \lcont{ |
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214 | Only available in SSH-2, and only during a session. Sends various |
215 | POSIX signals. Not honoured by all servers. |
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216 | } |
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217 | |
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218 | With a serial connection, the only available special command is |
219 | \I{Break, serial special command}\q{Break}. |
220 | |
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221 | \S2{using-newsession} Starting new sessions |
222 | |
223 | PuTTY's system menu provides some shortcut ways to start new |
224 | sessions: |
225 | |
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226 | \b Selecting \i{\q{New Session}} will start a completely new |
227 | instance of PuTTY, and bring up the configuration box as normal. |
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228 | |
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229 | \b Selecting \i{\q{Duplicate Session}} will start a session in a |
230 | new window with precisely the same options as your current one - |
231 | connecting to the same host using the same protocol, with all the |
232 | same terminal settings and everything. |
233 | |
234 | \b In an inactive window, selecting \i{\q{Restart Session}} will |
235 | do the same as \q{Duplicate Session}, but in the current window. |
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236 | |
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237 | \b The \i{\q{Saved Sessions} submenu} gives you quick access to any |
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238 | sets of stored session details you have previously saved. See |
239 | \k{config-saving} for details of how to create saved sessions. |
240 | |
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241 | \S2{using-changesettings} \I{settings, changing}Changing your |
242 | session settings |
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243 | |
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244 | If you select \i{\q{Change Settings}} from the system menu, PuTTY will |
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245 | display a cut-down version of its initial configuration box. This |
246 | allows you to adjust most properties of your current session. You |
247 | can change the terminal size, the font, the actions of various |
248 | keypresses, the colours, and so on. |
249 | |
250 | Some of the options that are available in the main configuration box |
251 | are not shown in the cut-down Change Settings box. These are usually |
252 | options which don't make sense to change in the middle of a session |
253 | (for example, you can't switch from SSH to Telnet in mid-session). |
254 | |
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255 | You can save the current settings to a saved session for future use |
256 | from this dialog box. See \k{config-saving} for more on saved |
257 | sessions. |
258 | |
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259 | \S2{using-copyall} \i{Copy All to Clipboard} |
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260 | |
261 | This system menu option provides a convenient way to copy the whole |
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262 | contents of the terminal screen (up to the last nonempty line) and |
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263 | scrollback to the \i{clipboard} in one go. |
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264 | |
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265 | \S2{reset-terminal} \I{scrollback, clearing}Clearing and |
266 | \I{terminal, resetting}resetting the terminal |
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267 | |
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268 | The \i{\q{Clear Scrollback}} option on the system menu tells PuTTY |
269 | to discard all the lines of text that have been kept after they |
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270 | scrolled off the top of the screen. This might be useful, for |
271 | example, if you displayed sensitive information and wanted to make |
272 | sure nobody could look over your shoulder and see it. (Note that |
273 | this only prevents a casual user from using the scrollbar to view |
274 | the information; the text is not guaranteed not to still be in |
275 | PuTTY's memory.) |
276 | |
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277 | The \i{\q{Reset Terminal}} option causes a full reset of the |
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278 | \i{terminal emulation}. A VT-series terminal is a complex piece of |
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279 | software and can easily get into a state where all the text printed |
280 | becomes unreadable. (This can happen, for example, if you |
281 | accidentally output a binary file to your terminal.) If this |
282 | happens, selecting Reset Terminal should sort it out. |
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283 | |
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284 | \S2{using-fullscreen} \ii{Full screen} mode |
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285 | |
286 | If you find the title bar on a maximised window to be ugly or |
287 | distracting, you can select Full Screen mode to maximise PuTTY |
288 | \q{even more}. When you select this, PuTTY will expand to fill the |
289 | whole screen and its borders, title bar and scrollbar will |
290 | disappear. (You can configure the scrollbar not to disappear in |
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291 | full-screen mode if you want to keep it; see \k{config-scrollback}.) |
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292 | |
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293 | When you are in full-screen mode, you can still access the \i{system |
294 | menu} if you click the left mouse button in the \e{extreme} top left |
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295 | corner of the screen. |
296 | |
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297 | \H{using-logging} Creating a \i{log file} of your \I{session |
298 | log}session |
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299 | |
300 | For some purposes you may find you want to log everything that |
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301 | appears on your screen. You can do this using the \q{Logging} |
302 | panel in the configuration box. |
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303 | |
304 | To begin a session log, select \q{Change Settings} from the system |
305 | menu and go to the Logging panel. Enter a log file name, and select |
306 | a logging mode. (You can log all session output including the |
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307 | terminal \i{control sequence}s, or you can just log the printable text. |
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308 | It depends what you want the log for.) Click \q{Apply} and your log |
309 | will be started. Later on, you can go back to the Logging panel and |
310 | select \q{Logging turned off completely} to stop logging; then PuTTY |
311 | will close the log file and you can safely read it. |
312 | |
313 | See \k{config-logging} for more details and options. |
314 | |
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315 | \H{using-translation} Altering your \i{character set} configuration |
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316 | |
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317 | If you find that special characters (\i{accented characters}, for |
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318 | example, or \i{line-drawing characters}) are not being displayed |
319 | correctly in your PuTTY session, it may be that PuTTY is interpreting |
320 | the characters sent by the server according to the wrong \e{character |
321 | set}. There are a lot of different character sets available, so it's |
322 | entirely possible for this to happen. |
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323 | |
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324 | If you click \q{Change Settings} and look at the \q{Translation} |
325 | panel, you should see a large number of character sets which you can |
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326 | select, and other related options. Now all you need is to find out |
327 | which of them you want! (See \k{config-translation} for more |
328 | information.) |
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329 | |
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330 | \H{using-x-forwarding} Using \i{X11 forwarding} in SSH |
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331 | |
332 | The SSH protocol has the ability to securely forward X Window System |
333 | applications over your encrypted SSH connection, so that you can run |
334 | an application on the SSH server machine and have it put its windows |
335 | up on your local machine without sending any X network traffic in |
336 | the clear. |
337 | |
338 | In order to use this feature, you will need an X display server for |
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339 | your Windows machine, such as Cygwin/X, X-Win32, or Exceed. This will probably |
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340 | install itself as display number 0 on your local machine; if it |
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341 | doesn't, the manual for the \i{X server} should tell you what it |
342 | does do. |
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343 | |
344 | You should then tick the \q{Enable X11 forwarding} box in the |
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345 | X11 panel (see \k{config-ssh-x11}) before starting your SSH |
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346 | session. The \i{\q{X display location}} box is blank by default, which |
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347 | means that PuTTY will try to use a sensible default such as \c{:0}, |
348 | which is the usual display location where your X server will be |
349 | installed. If that needs changing, then change it. |
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350 | |
351 | Now you should be able to log in to the SSH server as normal. To |
352 | check that X forwarding has been successfully negotiated during |
353 | connection startup, you can check the PuTTY Event Log (see |
354 | \k{using-eventlog}). It should say something like this: |
355 | |
356 | \c 2001-12-05 17:22:01 Requesting X11 forwarding |
357 | \c 2001-12-05 17:22:02 X11 forwarding enabled |
358 | |
359 | If the remote system is Unix or Unix-like, you should also be able |
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360 | to see that the \i{\c{DISPLAY} environment variable} has been set to |
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361 | point at display 10 or above on the SSH server machine itself: |
362 | |
363 | \c fred@unixbox:~$ echo $DISPLAY |
364 | \c unixbox:10.0 |
365 | |
366 | If this works, you should then be able to run X applications in the |
367 | remote session and have them display their windows on your PC. |
368 | |
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369 | For more options relating to X11 forwarding, see \k{config-ssh-x11}. |
370 | |
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371 | \H{using-port-forwarding} Using \i{port forwarding} in SSH |
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372 | |
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373 | The SSH protocol has the ability to forward arbitrary \i{network |
374 | connection}s over your encrypted SSH connection, to avoid the network |
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375 | traffic being sent in clear. For example, you could use this to |
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376 | connect from your home computer to a \i{POP-3} server on a remote |
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377 | machine without your POP-3 password being visible to network |
378 | sniffers. |
379 | |
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380 | In order to use port forwarding to \I{local port forwarding}connect |
381 | from your local machine to a port on a remote server, you need to: |
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382 | |
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383 | \b Choose a \i{port number} on your local machine where PuTTY should |
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384 | listen for incoming connections. There are likely to be plenty of |
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385 | unused port numbers above 3000. (You can also use a local loopback |
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386 | address here; see below for more details.) |
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387 | |
388 | \b Now, before you start your SSH connection, go to the Tunnels |
389 | panel (see \k{config-ssh-portfwd}). Make sure the \q{Local} radio |
390 | button is set. Enter the local port number into the \q{Source port} |
391 | box. Enter the destination host name and port number into the |
392 | \q{Destination} box, separated by a colon (for example, |
393 | \c{popserver.example.com:110} to connect to a POP-3 server). |
394 | |
395 | \b Now click the \q{Add} button. The details of your port forwarding |
396 | should appear in the list box. |
397 | |
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398 | Now start your session and log in. (Port forwarding will not be |
399 | enabled until after you have logged in; otherwise it would be easy |
400 | to perform completely anonymous network attacks, and gain access to |
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401 | anyone's virtual private network.) To check that PuTTY has set up |
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402 | the port forwarding correctly, you can look at the PuTTY Event Log |
403 | (see \k{using-eventlog}). It should say something like this: |
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404 | |
405 | \c 2001-12-05 17:22:10 Local port 3110 forwarding to |
406 | \c popserver.example.com:110 |
407 | |
408 | Now if you connect to the source port number on your local PC, you |
409 | should find that it answers you exactly as if it were the service |
410 | running on the destination machine. So in this example, you could |
411 | then configure an e-mail client to use \c{localhost:3110} as a POP-3 |
412 | server instead of \c{popserver.example.com:110}. (Of course, the |
413 | forwarding will stop happening when your PuTTY session closes down.) |
414 | |
415 | You can also forward ports in the other direction: arrange for a |
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416 | particular port number on the \e{server} machine to be \I{remote |
417 | port forwarding}forwarded back to your PC as a connection to a |
418 | service on your PC or near it. |
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419 | To do this, just select the \q{Remote} radio button instead of the |
420 | \q{Local} one. The \q{Source port} box will now specify a port |
421 | number on the \e{server} (note that most servers will not allow you |
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422 | to use \I{privileged port}port numbers under 1024 for this purpose). |
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423 | |
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424 | An alternative way to forward local connections to remote hosts is |
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425 | to use \I{dynamic port forwarding}dynamic SOCKS proxying. In this |
426 | mode, PuTTY acts as a SOCKS server, which SOCKS-aware programs can |
427 | connect to and open forwarded connections to the destination of their |
428 | choice, so this can be an alternative to long lists of static |
429 | forwardings. To use this mode, you will need to select the \q{Dynamic} |
430 | radio button instead of \q{Local}, and then you should not enter |
431 | anything into the \q{Destination} box (it will be ignored). PuTTY will |
432 | then listen for SOCKS connections on the port you have specified. |
433 | Most \i{web browsers} can be configured to connect to this SOCKS proxy |
434 | service; also, you can forward other PuTTY connections through it by |
435 | setting up the Proxy control panel (see \k{config-proxy} for details). |
48b7c4b2 |
436 | |
beefa433 |
437 | The source port for a forwarded connection usually does not accept |
421406a4 |
438 | connections from any machine except the \I{localhost}SSH client or |
439 | server machine itself (for local and remote forwardings respectively). |
440 | There are controls in the Tunnels panel to change this: |
beefa433 |
441 | |
442 | \b The \q{Local ports accept connections from other hosts} option |
48b7c4b2 |
443 | allows you to set up local-to-remote port forwardings (including |
444 | dynamic port forwardings) in such a way that machines other than |
445 | your client PC can connect to the forwarded port. |
beefa433 |
446 | |
447 | \b The \q{Remote ports do the same} option does the same thing for |
448 | remote-to-local port forwardings (so that machines other than the |
449 | SSH server machine can connect to the forwarded port.) Note that |
2e85c969 |
450 | this feature is only available in the SSH-2 protocol, and not all |
421406a4 |
451 | SSH-2 servers honour it (in \i{OpenSSH}, for example, it's usually |
97e12fcd |
452 | disabled by default). |
beefa433 |
453 | |
421406a4 |
454 | You can also specify an \i{IP address} to \I{listen address}listen |
455 | on. Typically a Windows machine can be asked to listen on any single |
456 | IP address in the \cw{127.*.*.*} range, and all of these are |
457 | \i{loopback address}es available only to the local machine. So if |
458 | you forward (for example) \c{127.0.0.5:79} to a remote machine's |
459 | \i\cw{finger} port, then you should be able to run commands such as |
460 | \c{finger fred@127.0.0.5}. |
6cc170f0 |
461 | This can be useful if the program connecting to the forwarded port |
462 | doesn't allow you to change the port number it uses. This feature is |
2e85c969 |
463 | available for local-to-remote forwarded ports; SSH-1 is unable to |
464 | support it for remote-to-local ports, while SSH-2 can support it in |
6cc170f0 |
465 | theory but servers will not necessarily cooperate. |
466 | |
85c598bf |
467 | (Note that if you're using Windows XP Service Pack 2, you may need |
468 | to obtain a fix from Microsoft in order to use addresses like |
469 | \cw{127.0.0.5} - see \k{faq-alternate-localhost}.) |
470 | |
3392ac5d |
471 | For more options relating to port forwarding, see |
472 | \k{config-ssh-portfwd}. |
473 | |
881da168 |
474 | If the connection you are forwarding over SSH is itself a second SSH |
475 | connection made by another copy of PuTTY, you might find the |
476 | \q{logical host name} configuration option useful to warn PuTTY of |
477 | which host key it should be expecting. See \k{config-loghost} for |
478 | details of this. |
479 | |
6cc170f0 |
480 | \H{using-rawprot} Making \i{raw TCP connections} |
481 | |
482 | A lot of \I{debugging Internet protocols}Internet protocols are |
483 | composed of commands and responses in plain text. For example, |
484 | \i{SMTP} (the protocol used to transfer e-mail), \i{NNTP} (the |
485 | protocol used to transfer Usenet news), and \i{HTTP} (the protocol |
486 | used to serve Web pages) all consist of commands in readable plain |
487 | text. |
2f8d6d43 |
488 | |
489 | Sometimes it can be useful to connect directly to one of these |
490 | services and speak the protocol \q{by hand}, by typing protocol |
491 | commands and watching the responses. On Unix machines, you can do |
492 | this using the system's \c{telnet} command to connect to the right |
493 | port number. For example, \c{telnet mailserver.example.com 25} might |
494 | enable you to talk directly to the SMTP service running on a mail |
495 | server. |
496 | |
497 | Although the Unix \c{telnet} program provides this functionality, |
498 | the protocol being used is not really Telnet. Really there is no |
499 | actual protocol at all; the bytes sent down the connection are |
500 | exactly the ones you type, and the bytes shown on the screen are |
501 | exactly the ones sent by the server. Unix \c{telnet} will attempt to |
502 | detect or guess whether the service it is talking to is a real |
503 | Telnet service or not; PuTTY prefers to be told for certain. |
504 | |
505 | In order to make a debugging connection to a service of this type, |
6cc170f0 |
506 | you simply select the fourth protocol name, \I{\q{Raw} |
507 | protocol}\q{Raw}, from the \q{Protocol} buttons in the \q{Session} |
508 | configuration panel. (See \k{config-hostname}.) You can then enter a |
509 | host name and a port number, and make the connection. |
a10c20dd |
510 | |
7374c779 |
511 | \H{using-serial} Connecting to a local serial line |
512 | |
513 | PuTTY can connect directly to a local serial line as an alternative |
514 | to making a network connection. In this mode, text typed into the |
515 | PuTTY window will be sent straight out of your computer's serial |
516 | port, and data received through that port will be displayed in the |
517 | PuTTY window. You might use this mode, for example, if your serial |
518 | port is connected to another computer which has a serial connection. |
519 | |
520 | To make a connection of this type, simply select \q{Serial} from the |
521 | \q{Connection type} radio buttons on the \q{Session} configuration |
522 | panel (see \k{config-hostname}). The \q{Host Name} and \q{Port} |
523 | boxes will transform into \q{Serial line} and \q{Speed}, allowing |
524 | you to specify which serial line to use (if your computer has more |
525 | than one) and what speed (baud rate) to use when transferring data. |
526 | For further configuration options (data bits, stop bits, parity, |
527 | flow control), you can use the \q{Serial} configuration panel (see |
528 | \k{config-serial}). |
529 | |
530 | After you start up PuTTY in serial mode, you might find that you |
531 | have to make the first move, by sending some data out of the serial |
532 | line in order to notify the device at the other end that someone is |
533 | there for it to talk to. This probably depends on the device. If you |
534 | start up a PuTTY serial session and nothing appears in the window, |
535 | try pressing Return a few times and see if that helps. |
536 | |
537 | A serial line provides no well defined means for one end of the |
538 | connection to notify the other that the connection is finished. |
539 | Therefore, PuTTY in serial mode will remain connected until you |
540 | close the window using the close button. |
541 | |
e117a742 |
542 | \H{using-cmdline} The PuTTY command line |
a10c20dd |
543 | |
544 | PuTTY can be made to do various things without user intervention by |
6cc170f0 |
545 | supplying \i{command-line arguments} (e.g., from a \i{command prompt |
546 | window}, or a \i{Windows shortcut}). |
a10c20dd |
547 | |
e117a742 |
548 | \S{using-cmdline-session} Starting a session from the command line |
a10c20dd |
549 | |
9621bbab |
550 | \I\c{-ssh}\I\c{-telnet}\I\c{-rlogin}\I\c{-raw}\I\c{-serial}These |
551 | options allow you to bypass the configuration window and launch |
552 | straight into a session. |
a10c20dd |
553 | |
e117a742 |
554 | To start a connection to a server called \c{host}: |
a10c20dd |
555 | |
e2a197cf |
556 | \c putty.exe [-ssh | -telnet | -rlogin | -raw] [user@]host |
a10c20dd |
557 | |
421406a4 |
558 | If this syntax is used, settings are taken from the \i{Default Settings} |
e2a197cf |
559 | (see \k{config-saving}); \c{user} overrides these settings if |
560 | supplied. Also, you can specify a protocol, which will override the |
561 | default protocol (see \k{using-cmdline-protocol}). |
a10c20dd |
562 | |
563 | For telnet sessions, the following alternative syntax is supported |
6cc170f0 |
564 | (this makes PuTTY suitable for use as a URL handler for \i{telnet |
68d5ba46 |
565 | URLs} in \i{web browsers}): |
a10c20dd |
566 | |
567 | \c putty.exe telnet://host[:port]/ |
568 | |
9621bbab |
569 | To start a connection to a serial port, e.g. COM1: |
570 | |
571 | \c putty.exe -serial com1 |
572 | |
a10c20dd |
573 | In order to start an existing saved session called \c{sessionname}, |
e117a742 |
574 | use the \c{-load} option (described in \k{using-cmdline-load}). |
a10c20dd |
575 | |
e117a742 |
576 | \c putty.exe -load "session name" |
a10c20dd |
577 | |
6cc170f0 |
578 | \S{using-cleanup} \i\c{-cleanup} |
a10c20dd |
579 | |
28339579 |
580 | \cfg{winhelp-topic}{options.cleanup} |
581 | |
a10c20dd |
582 | If invoked with the \c{-cleanup} option, rather than running as |
d8bd04b9 |
583 | normal, PuTTY will remove its \I{removing registry entries}registry |
9310cb7d |
584 | entries and \i{random seed file} from the local machine (after |
d8bd04b9 |
585 | confirming with the user). |
e117a742 |
586 | |
9310cb7d |
587 | Note that on \i{multi-user systems}, \c{-cleanup} only removes |
588 | registry entries and files associated with the currently logged-in |
589 | user. |
590 | |
e117a742 |
591 | \S{using-general-opts} Standard command-line options |
592 | |
593 | PuTTY and its associated tools support a range of command-line |
594 | options, most of which are consistent across all the tools. This |
595 | section lists the available options in all tools. Options which are |
596 | specific to a particular tool are covered in the chapter about that |
597 | tool. |
598 | |
6cc170f0 |
599 | \S2{using-cmdline-load} \i\c{-load}: load a saved session |
e117a742 |
600 | |
6cc170f0 |
601 | \I{saved sessions, loading from command line}The \c{-load} option |
602 | causes PuTTY to load configuration details out of a saved session. |
603 | If these details include a host name, then this option is all you |
33f07e96 |
604 | need to make PuTTY start a session. |
e117a742 |
605 | |
606 | You need double quotes around the session name if it contains spaces. |
607 | |
421406a4 |
608 | If you want to create a \i{Windows shortcut} to start a PuTTY saved |
e117a742 |
609 | session, this is the option you should use: your shortcut should |
610 | call something like |
611 | |
612 | \c d:\path\to\putty.exe -load "my session" |
613 | |
614 | (Note that PuTTY itself supports an alternative form of this option, |
d8bd04b9 |
615 | for backwards compatibility. If you execute \i\c{putty @sessionname} |
e117a742 |
616 | it will have the same effect as \c{putty -load "sessionname"}. With |
617 | the \c{@} form, no double quotes are required, and the \c{@} sign |
618 | must be the very first thing on the command line. This form of the |
619 | option is deprecated.) |
620 | |
621 | \S2{using-cmdline-protocol} Selecting a protocol: \c{-ssh}, |
9621bbab |
622 | \c{-telnet}, \c{-rlogin}, \c{-raw} \c{-serial} |
e117a742 |
623 | |
624 | To choose which protocol you want to connect with, you can use one |
625 | of these options: |
626 | |
6cc170f0 |
627 | \b \i\c{-ssh} selects the SSH protocol. |
e117a742 |
628 | |
6cc170f0 |
629 | \b \i\c{-telnet} selects the Telnet protocol. |
e117a742 |
630 | |
6cc170f0 |
631 | \b \i\c{-rlogin} selects the Rlogin protocol. |
e117a742 |
632 | |
6cc170f0 |
633 | \b \i\c{-raw} selects the raw protocol. |
e117a742 |
634 | |
9621bbab |
635 | \b \i\c{-serial} selects a serial connection. |
636 | |
e117a742 |
637 | These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and |
638 | PSFTP (which only work with the SSH protocol). |
639 | |
6cc170f0 |
640 | These options are equivalent to the \i{protocol selection} buttons |
641 | in the Session panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see |
e117a742 |
642 | \k{config-hostname}). |
643 | |
6cc170f0 |
644 | \S2{using-cmdline-v} \i\c{-v}: increase verbosity |
e117a742 |
645 | |
6cc170f0 |
646 | \I{verbose mode}Most of the PuTTY tools can be made to tell you more |
647 | about what they are doing by supplying the \c{-v} option. If you are |
648 | having trouble when making a connection, or you're simply curious, |
649 | you can turn this switch on and hope to find out more about what is |
650 | happening. |
e117a742 |
651 | |
6cc170f0 |
652 | \S2{using-cmdline-l} \i\c{-l}: specify a \i{login name} |
e117a742 |
653 | |
654 | You can specify the user name to log in as on the remote server |
655 | using the \c{-l} option. For example, \c{plink login.example.com -l |
656 | fred}. |
657 | |
658 | These options are equivalent to the username selection box in the |
659 | Connection panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see |
660 | \k{config-username}). |
661 | |
b7a5df66 |
662 | \S2{using-cmdline-portfwd} \I{-L-upper}\c{-L}, \I{-R-upper}\c{-R} |
663 | and \I{-D-upper}\c{-D}: set up \i{port forwardings} |
e117a742 |
664 | |
665 | As well as setting up port forwardings in the PuTTY configuration |
666 | (see \k{config-ssh-portfwd}), you can also set up forwardings on the |
667 | command line. The command-line options work just like the ones in |
668 | Unix \c{ssh} programs. |
669 | |
421406a4 |
670 | To \I{local port forwarding}forward a local port (say 5110) to a |
671 | remote destination (say \cw{popserver.example.com} port 110), you |
672 | can write something like one of these: |
e117a742 |
673 | |
674 | \c putty -L 5110:popserver.example.com:110 -load mysession |
675 | \c plink mysession -L 5110:popserver.example.com:110 |
676 | |
421406a4 |
677 | To forward a \I{remote port forwarding}remote port to a local |
678 | destination, just use the \c{-R} option instead of \c{-L}: |
e117a742 |
679 | |
680 | \c putty -R 5023:mytelnetserver.myhouse.org:23 -load mysession |
681 | \c plink mysession -R 5023:mytelnetserver.myhouse.org:23 |
682 | |
421406a4 |
683 | To \I{listen address}specify an IP address for the listening end of the |
684 | tunnel, prepend it to the argument: |
dbe6c525 |
685 | |
686 | \c plink -L 127.0.0.5:23:localhost:23 myhost |
687 | |
421406a4 |
688 | To set up \I{dynamic port forwarding}SOCKS-based dynamic port |
689 | forwarding on a local port, use the \c{-D} option. For this one you |
690 | only have to pass the port number: |
48b7c4b2 |
691 | |
692 | \c putty -D 4096 -load mysession |
693 | |
e117a742 |
694 | For general information on port forwarding, see |
695 | \k{using-port-forwarding}. |
696 | |
697 | These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and |
698 | PSFTP. |
699 | |
421406a4 |
700 | \S2{using-cmdline-m} \i\c{-m}: \I{reading commands from a file}read |
701 | a remote command or script from a file |
e117a742 |
702 | |
421406a4 |
703 | The \i\c{-m} option performs a similar function to the \q{\ii{Remote |
704 | command}} box in the SSH panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see |
e117a742 |
705 | \k{config-command}). However, the \c{-m} option expects to be given |
bcfb73ea |
706 | a local file name, and it will read a command from that file. |
707 | |
708 | With some servers (particularly Unix systems), you can even put |
709 | multiple lines in this file and execute more than one command in |
710 | sequence, or a whole shell script; but this is arguably an abuse, and |
711 | cannot be expected to work on all servers. In particular, it is known |
712 | \e{not} to work with certain \q{embedded} servers, such as \i{Cisco} |
713 | routers. |
e117a742 |
714 | |
715 | This option is not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and |
716 | PSFTP. |
717 | |
b7a5df66 |
718 | \S2{using-cmdline-p} \I{-P-upper}\c{-P}: specify a \i{port number} |
e117a742 |
719 | |
e2a197cf |
720 | The \c{-P} option is used to specify the port number to connect to. If |
721 | you have a Telnet server running on port 9696 of a machine instead of |
722 | port 23, for example: |
e117a742 |
723 | |
e2a197cf |
724 | \c putty -telnet -P 9696 host.name |
725 | \c plink -telnet -P 9696 host.name |
e117a742 |
726 | |
727 | (Note that this option is more useful in Plink than in PuTTY, |
728 | because in PuTTY you can write \c{putty -telnet host.name 9696} in |
729 | any case.) |
730 | |
6cc170f0 |
731 | This option is equivalent to the port number control in the Session |
732 | panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see \k{config-hostname}). |
e117a742 |
733 | |
6cc170f0 |
734 | \S2{using-cmdline-pw} \i\c{-pw}: specify a \i{password} |
e117a742 |
735 | |
736 | A simple way to automate a remote login is to supply your password |
737 | on the command line. This is \e{not recommended} for reasons of |
738 | security. If you possibly can, we recommend you set up public-key |
739 | authentication instead. See \k{pubkey} for details. |
740 | |
741 | Note that the \c{-pw} option only works when you are using the SSH |
742 | protocol. Due to fundamental limitations of Telnet and Rlogin, these |
743 | protocols do not support automated password authentication. |
744 | |
973612f5 |
745 | \S2{using-cmdline-agentauth} \i\c{-agent} and \i\c{-noagent}: |
746 | control use of Pageant for authentication |
747 | |
748 | The \c{-agent} option turns on SSH authentication using Pageant, and |
749 | \c{-noagent} turns it off. These options are only meaningful if you |
750 | are using SSH. |
751 | |
e5708bc7 |
752 | See \k{pageant} for general information on \i{Pageant}. |
973612f5 |
753 | |
754 | These options are equivalent to the agent authentication checkbox in |
755 | the Auth panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see |
756 | \k{config-ssh-tryagent}). |
757 | |
b7a5df66 |
758 | \S2{using-cmdline-agent} \I{-A-upper}\c{-A} and \i\c{-a}: control \i{agent |
6cc170f0 |
759 | forwarding} |
e117a742 |
760 | |
761 | The \c{-A} option turns on SSH agent forwarding, and \c{-a} turns it |
762 | off. These options are only meaningful if you are using SSH. |
763 | |
6cc170f0 |
764 | See \k{pageant} for general information on \i{Pageant}, and |
e117a742 |
765 | \k{pageant-forward} for information on agent forwarding. Note that |
766 | there is a security risk involved with enabling this option; see |
767 | \k{pageant-security} for details. |
768 | |
769 | These options are equivalent to the agent forwarding checkbox in the |
770 | Auth panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see \k{config-ssh-agentfwd}). |
771 | |
772 | These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and |
773 | PSFTP. |
774 | |
b7a5df66 |
775 | \S2{using-cmdline-x11} \I{-X-upper}\c{-X} and \i\c{-x}: control \i{X11 |
6cc170f0 |
776 | forwarding} |
e117a742 |
777 | |
778 | The \c{-X} option turns on X11 forwarding in SSH, and \c{-x} turns |
779 | it off. These options are only meaningful if you are using SSH. |
780 | |
781 | For information on X11 forwarding, see \k{using-x-forwarding}. |
782 | |
783 | These options are equivalent to the X11 forwarding checkbox in the |
b7a2b2a0 |
784 | X11 panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see \k{config-ssh-x11}). |
e117a742 |
785 | |
786 | These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and |
787 | PSFTP. |
788 | |
b7a5df66 |
789 | \S2{using-cmdline-pty} \i\c{-t} and \I{-T-upper}\c{-T}: control |
6cc170f0 |
790 | \i{pseudo-terminal allocation} |
e117a742 |
791 | |
792 | The \c{-t} option ensures PuTTY attempts to allocate a |
793 | pseudo-terminal at the server, and \c{-T} stops it from allocating |
794 | one. These options are only meaningful if you are using SSH. |
795 | |
796 | These options are equivalent to the \q{Don't allocate a |
797 | pseudo-terminal} checkbox in the SSH panel of the PuTTY |
798 | configuration box (see \k{config-ssh-pty}). |
799 | |
800 | These options are not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and |
801 | PSFTP. |
802 | |
0ed48730 |
803 | \S2{using-cmdline-noshell} \I{-N-upper}\c{-N}: suppress starting a |
d8bd04b9 |
804 | \I{suppressing remote shell}shell or command |
0ed48730 |
805 | |
806 | The \c{-N} option prevents PuTTY from attempting to start a shell or |
807 | command on the remote server. You might want to use this option if |
808 | you are only using the SSH connection for port forwarding, and your |
809 | user account on the server does not have the ability to run a shell. |
810 | |
811 | This feature is only available in SSH protocol version 2 (since the |
812 | version 1 protocol assumes you will always want to run a shell). |
813 | |
814 | This option is equivalent to the \q{Don't start a shell or command |
815 | at all} checkbox in the SSH panel of the PuTTY configuration box |
816 | (see \k{config-ssh-noshell}). |
817 | |
8a213300 |
818 | This option is not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and |
0ed48730 |
819 | PSFTP. |
820 | |
feb02b4e |
821 | \S2{using-cmdline-ncmode} \I{-nc}\c{-nc}: make a \i{remote network |
822 | connection} in place of a remote shell or command |
823 | |
824 | The \c{-nc} option prevents Plink (or PuTTY) from attempting to |
825 | start a shell or command on the remote server. Instead, it will |
826 | instruct the remote server to open a network connection to a host |
827 | name and port number specified by you, and treat that network |
828 | connection as if it were the main session. |
829 | |
830 | You specify a host and port as an argument to the \c{-nc} option, |
831 | with a colon separating the host name from the port number, like |
832 | this: |
833 | |
834 | \c plink host1.example.com -nc host2.example.com:1234 |
835 | |
836 | You might want to use this feature if you needed to make an SSH |
837 | connection to a target host which you can only reach by going |
838 | through a proxy host, and rather than using port forwarding you |
839 | prefer to use the local proxy feature (see \k{config-proxy-type} for |
840 | more about local proxies). In this situation you might select |
841 | \q{Local} proxy type, set your local proxy command to be \cq{plink |
842 | %proxyhost -nc %host:%port}, enter the target host name on the |
843 | Session panel, and enter the directly reachable proxy host name on |
844 | the Proxy panel. |
845 | |
846 | This feature is only available in SSH protocol version 2 (since the |
847 | version 1 protocol assumes you will always want to run a shell). It |
848 | is not available in the file transfer tools PSCP and PSFTP. It is |
849 | available in PuTTY itself, although it is unlikely to be very useful |
850 | in any tool other than Plink. Also, \c{-nc} uses the same server |
851 | functionality as port forwarding, so it will not work if your server |
852 | administrator has disabled port forwarding. |
853 | |
854 | (The option is named \c{-nc} after the Unix program |
855 | \W{http://www.vulnwatch.org/netcat/}\c{nc}, short for \q{netcat}. |
856 | The command \cq{plink host1 -nc host2:port} is very similar in |
857 | functionality to \cq{plink host1 nc host2 port}, which invokes |
858 | \c{nc} on the server and tells it to connect to the specified |
859 | destination. However, Plink's built-in \c{-nc} option does not |
860 | depend on the \c{nc} program being installed on the server.) |
861 | |
b7a5df66 |
862 | \S2{using-cmdline-compress} \I{-C-upper}\c{-C}: enable \i{compression} |
e117a742 |
863 | |
864 | The \c{-C} option enables compression of the data sent across the |
865 | network. This option is only meaningful if you are using SSH. |
866 | |
867 | This option is equivalent to the \q{Enable compression} checkbox in |
868 | the SSH panel of the PuTTY configuration box (see |
869 | \k{config-ssh-comp}). |
870 | |
6cc170f0 |
871 | \S2{using-cmdline-sshprot} \i\c{-1} and \i\c{-2}: specify an \i{SSH |
872 | protocol version} |
e117a742 |
873 | |
2e85c969 |
874 | The \c{-1} and \c{-2} options force PuTTY to use version \I{SSH-1}1 |
875 | or version \I{SSH-2}2 of the SSH protocol. These options are only |
6cc170f0 |
876 | meaningful if you are using SSH. |
e117a742 |
877 | |
878 | These options are equivalent to selecting your preferred SSH |
879 | protocol version as \q{1 only} or \q{2 only} in the SSH panel of the |
880 | PuTTY configuration box (see \k{config-ssh-prot}). |
881 | |
05581745 |
882 | \S2{using-cmdline-ipversion} \i\c{-4} and \i\c{-6}: specify an |
883 | \i{Internet protocol version} |
884 | |
885 | The \c{-4} and \c{-6} options force PuTTY to use the older Internet |
2e523aed |
886 | protocol \i{IPv4} or the newer \i{IPv6} for most outgoing |
887 | connections. |
05581745 |
888 | |
889 | These options are equivalent to selecting your preferred Internet |
890 | protocol version as \q{IPv4} or \q{IPv6} in the Connection panel of |
891 | the PuTTY configuration box (see \k{config-address-family}). |
892 | |
6cc170f0 |
893 | \S2{using-cmdline-identity} \i\c{-i}: specify an SSH \i{private key} |
e117a742 |
894 | |
895 | The \c{-i} option allows you to specify the name of a private key |
421406a4 |
896 | file in \c{*.\i{PPK}} format which PuTTY will use to authenticate with the |
8cee3b72 |
897 | server. This option is only meaningful if you are using SSH. |
e117a742 |
898 | |
6cc170f0 |
899 | For general information on \i{public-key authentication}, see |
900 | \k{pubkey}. |
e117a742 |
901 | |
902 | This option is equivalent to the \q{Private key file for |
903 | authentication} box in the Auth panel of the PuTTY configuration box |
904 | (see \k{config-ssh-privkey}). |
2285d016 |
905 | |
881da168 |
906 | \S2{using-cmdline-loghost} \i\c{-loghost}: specify a \i{logical host |
907 | name} |
908 | |
909 | This option overrides PuTTY's normal SSH host key caching policy by |
910 | telling it the name of the host you expect your connection to end up |
911 | at (in cases where this differs from the location PuTTY thinks it's |
912 | connecting to). It can be a plain host name, or a host name followed |
913 | by a colon and a port number. See \k{config-loghost} for more detail |
914 | on this. |
915 | |
421406a4 |
916 | \S2{using-cmdline-pgpfp} \i\c{-pgpfp}: display \i{PGP key fingerprint}s |
2285d016 |
917 | |
918 | This option causes the PuTTY tools not to run as normal, but instead |
919 | to display the fingerprints of the PuTTY PGP Master Keys, in order to |
421406a4 |
920 | aid with \i{verifying new versions}. See \k{pgpkeys} for more information. |
9621bbab |
921 | |
922 | \S2{using-cmdline-sercfg} \i\c{-sercfg}: specify serial port |
923 | \i{configuration} |
924 | |
925 | This option specifies the configuration parameters for the serial |
926 | port (baud rate, stop bits etc). Its argument is interpreted as a |
927 | comma-separated list of configuration options, which can be as |
928 | follows: |
929 | |
930 | \b Any single digit from 5 to 9 sets the number of data bits. |
931 | |
932 | \b \cq{1}, \cq{1.5} or \cq{2} sets the number of stop bits. |
933 | |
934 | \b Any other numeric string is interpreted as a baud rate. |
935 | |
936 | \b A single lower-case letter specifies the parity: \cq{n} for none, |
937 | \cq{o} for odd, \cq{e} for even, \cq{m} for mark and \cq{s} for space. |
938 | |
939 | \b A single upper-case letter specifies the flow control: \cq{N} for |
940 | none, \cq{X} for XON/XOFF, \cq{R} for RTS/CTS and \cq{D} for |
941 | DSR/DTR. |
942 | |
943 | For example, \cq{-sercfg 19200,8,n,1,N} denotes a baud rate of |
944 | 19200, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit and no flow control. |